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Thermal instability is harmful on the newborn infant. We sought to draw up practical guidelines on maintaining homeothermy alongside skin-to-skin contact.A systematic analysis of the literature identified relevant studies between 2000 and 2021 in the PubMed database. Selected publications were evaluated, and their level of evidence were graded, in order to underpin the development of clinical guidelines.We identified 7 meta-analyses and 64 clinical studies with a focus on newborn infants homeothermy. Skin-to-skin contact is the easiest and most rapidly implementable method to prevent body heat loss. Alongside skin-to-skin contact, monitoring the newborn infant's body temperature with a target of 37.0°C is essential. For newborn infants32 weeks of gestation, a skullcap and a polyethylene bag should be used in the delivery room or during transport. To limit water loss, inhaled gases humidification and warming is recommended, and preterm infants weighing less than 1600 g should be nursed in a closed, convective incubator. With regard to incubators, there are no clear benefits for single vs. double-wall incubators as well as for air vs. skin servo control.Alongside skin-to-skin contact, a bundle of practical guidelines could improve the maintenance of homeothermy in the newborn infant.

Background Meconium aspiration syndrome (MAS) remains a frequent cause of morbidity and mortality in term newborns. Our objective was to compare two modes of high-frequency ventilation, high-frequency oscillation (HFOV), and high-frequency percussive ventilation (HFPV) with conventional mechanical ventilation (CMV) in a piglet model of MAS. Methods Fifteen newborn piglets were anesthetized, paralyzed, and intubated. Following the instillation of a 3 ml/kg solution of meconium diluted to 30%, the piglets were randomized to one of three groups: high-frequency oscillation (HFOV; Sensormedics®), HFPV (Percussionaire®), or CMV (Siemens®). Animals were ventilated for 6 hr to maintain arterial blood gases within a normal range, that is, pH 7.35–7.45, PaO2 10–16 kPa, PaCO2 4–6.6 kPa. Arterial blood gas measurements, dynCrs and dynRrs, ventilator settings, and vital signs (heart rate, arterial blood pressure, transcutaneous pulse oxygen saturation, and temperature) were collected at 30, 60, 90, 120, 180, 240, 300, and 360 min after meconium instillation. Oxygenation index (OI) ([(fraction of inspired oxygen)(mean airway pressure)(100)]/PaO2), mean airway pressure, dynamic lung function, secretions cleared and histological alterations were studied in all groups. Results Mean airway pressure and OI were significantly lower in the CV and HFPV groups compared to the HFOV group (P

Objective To determine whether nasal high frequency percussive ventilation (NHFPV) would decrease duration of transient tachypnea of the newborn (TTN) compared to nasal continuous positive airway pressure (NCPAP) in newborn infants. Methods A prospective, unmasked, randomized, controlled clinical trial was conducted in 46 eligible newborn infants who were hospitalized for TTN in the University Hospital of Bordeaux (France) between 2007 and 2009. Infants born by cesarian section ≥37 GA, ≥2,000g with diagnosis of TTN and with a transcutaneous saturation