1. The group 2 innate lymphoid cell (ILC2) regulatory network and its underlying mechanisms
- Author
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Shigeo Koyasu, Hiroki Kabata, and Kazuyo Moro
- Subjects
0301 basic medicine ,MAPK/ERK pathway ,Immunology ,Inflammation ,Cell Communication ,Biology ,03 medical and health sciences ,Th2 Cells ,0302 clinical medicine ,medicine ,Animals ,Homeostasis ,Humans ,Immunology and Allergy ,Lymphocytes ,Extracellular Signal-Regulated MAP Kinases ,Gonadal Steroid Hormones ,STAT5 ,Transdifferentiation ,Innate lymphoid cell ,NF-kappa B ,NFAT ,Lipid signaling ,Immunity, Innate ,Cell biology ,030104 developmental biology ,Cellular Microenvironment ,biology.protein ,Cytokines ,medicine.symptom ,Signal transduction ,Signal Transduction ,030215 immunology - Abstract
Group 2 innate lymphoid cells (ILC2s) play critical roles in the induction of type 2 inflammation, response to parasite infection, metabolic homeostasis, and tissue repair. These multifunctional roles of ILC2s are tightly controlled by complex regulatory systems in the local microenvironment, the disruption of which may cause various health problems. This review summarizes up-to-date knowledge regarding positive and negative regulators for ILC2s based on their function and signaling pathways, including activating cytokines (IL-33, IL-25; MAPK, NF-κB pathways), co-stimulatory cytokines (IL-2, IL-7, IL-9, TSLP; STAT5, IL-4; STAT6, TNF superfamily; MAPK, NF-κB pathways), suppressive cytokines (type1 IFNs, IFN-γ, IL-27; STAT1, IL-10, TGF-β), transdifferentiation cytokines (IL-12; STAT4, IL-1β, IL-18), lipid mediators (LTC4, LTD4, LTE4, PGD2; Ca2+ -NFAT pathways, PGE2, PGI2; AC/cAMP/PKA pathways, LXA4, LTB4), neuropeptides (NMU; Ca2+ -NFAT, MAPK pathways, VIP, CGRP, catecholamine, acetylcholine), sex hormones (androgen, estrogen), nutrients (butyrate; HDAC inhibitors, vitamins), and cell-to-cell interactions (ICOSL-ICOS; STAT5, B7-H6-NKp30, E-cadherin-KLRG1). This comprehensive review affords a better understanding of the regulatory network system for ILC2s, providing impetus to develop new treatment strategies for ILC2-related health problems.
- Published
- 2018