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Your search keyword '"Kaplan, G. A."' showing total 38 results
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38 results on '"Kaplan, G. A."'

2. Recognizing animal personhood in compassionate conservation

Author

Wallach, AD, Batavia, C, Bekoff, M, Alexander, S, Baker, L, Ben-Ami, D, Boronyak, L, Cardilin, APA, Carmel, Y, Celermajer, D, Coghlan, S, Dandal, Y, Gomez, JJ, Kaplan, G, Keynan, O, Khalilieh, A, Kopnina, H, Lynn, WS, Narayanan, Y, Riley, S, Santiago-Avila, FJ, Yanco, E, Zemanova, MA, Ramp, D, Wallach, AD, Batavia, C, Bekoff, M, Alexander, S, Baker, L, Ben-Ami, D, Boronyak, L, Cardilin, APA, Carmel, Y, Celermajer, D, Coghlan, S, Dandal, Y, Gomez, JJ, Kaplan, G, Keynan, O, Khalilieh, A, Kopnina, H, Lynn, WS, Narayanan, Y, Riley, S, Santiago-Avila, FJ, Yanco, E, Zemanova, MA, and Ramp, D

Abstract

Compassionate conservation is based on the ethical position that actions taken to protect biodiversity should be guided by compassion for all sentient beings. Critics argue that there are 3 core reasons harming animals is acceptable in conservation programs: the primary purpose of conservation is biodiversity protection; conservation is already compassionate to animals; and conservation should prioritize compassion to humans. We used argument analysis to clarify the values and logics underlying the debate around compassionate conservation. We found that objections to compassionate conservation are expressions of human exceptionalism, the view that humans are of a categorically separate and higher moral status than all other species. In contrast, compassionate conservationists believe that conservation should expand its moral community by recognizing all sentient beings as persons. Personhood, in an ethical sense, implies the individual is owed respect and should not be treated merely as a means to other ends. On scientific and ethical grounds, there are good reasons to extend personhood to sentient animals, particularly in conservation. The moral exclusion or subordination of members of other species legitimates the ongoing manipulation and exploitation of the living worlds, the very reason conservation was needed in the first place. Embracing compassion can help dismantle human exceptionalism, recognize nonhuman personhood, and navigate a more expansive moral space.

Published
2020

3. Recognizing animal personhood in compassionate conservation

Author

Wallach AD, Batavia C, Bekoff M, Alexander S, Baker L, Ben-Ami D, Boronyak L, Cardilini APA, Carmel Y, Celermajer D, Coghlan S, Dahdal Y, Gomez JJ, Kaplan G, Keynan O, Khalilieh A, Kopnina H, Lynn WS, Narayanan Y, Riley S, Santiago-Ávila FJ, Yanco E, Zemanova MA, Ramp D, Wallach AD, Batavia C, Bekoff M, Alexander S, Baker L, Ben-Ami D, Boronyak L, Cardilini APA, Carmel Y, Celermajer D, Coghlan S, Dahdal Y, Gomez JJ, Kaplan G, Keynan O, Khalilieh A, Kopnina H, Lynn WS, Narayanan Y, Riley S, Santiago-Ávila FJ, Yanco E, Zemanova MA, and Ramp D

Abstract

Compassionate conservation argues that actions taken to protect the Earth's diversity of life should be guided by compassion for all sentient beings. A set of essays published in Conservation Biology call to reject compassionate conservation. Critics argue that there are situations in which harming animals in conservation programs is appropriate. Three core reasons can be summarized: (1) conservation's raison d'être is biodiversity protection; (2) conservation is already compassionate to nonhumans; and (3) conservation should be compassionate to humans. We analysed these arguments, finding that objections to compassionate conservation are expressions of human exceptionalism, the view that humans are of categorically separate and higher moral status than all other species. In contrast, compassionate conservationists believe that conservation should expand its moral community by recognising all sentient beings as persons. Personhood, in an ethical sense, implies an entity is owed respect, and should never be treated merely as a means to other ends. On scientific and ethical grounds, there are good reasons to extend personhood to nonhuman animals, particularly in conservation. The moral exclusion or subordination of nonhuman beings has served to legitimate the ongoing manipulation and exploitation of the more-than-human world, the very reason conservation was needed in the first place. We embrace compassion for its ability to dismantle human exceptionalism, to recognise nonhuman personhood, and to navigate a more expansive moral space. Article impact statement: The debate about compassionate conservation is about whether to recognize nonhuman personhood. This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved.

Published
2020

4. Systematic review with meta-analysis: review of donor features, procedures and outcomes in 168 clinical studies of faecal microbiota transplantation

Author

Lai, CY, Sung, J, Cheng, F, Tang, W, Wong, SH, Chan, PKS, Kamm, MA, Sung, JJY, Kaplan, G, Chan, FKL, Ng, SC, Lai, CY, Sung, J, Cheng, F, Tang, W, Wong, SH, Chan, PKS, Kamm, MA, Sung, JJY, Kaplan, G, Chan, FKL, and Ng, SC

Abstract

BACKGROUND: Faecal microbiota transplantation (FMT) is effective for Clostridium difficile infections (CDI) refractory to standard treatment and is being studied in other diseases. AIM: To evaluate donor characteristics, procedures and clinical outcomes of FMT. METHODS: We systematically reviewed FMT studies published up to 29 August 2018 using MEDLINE (R) and EMBASE and identified clinical studies with FMT donor information. We reported data on donor characteristics, screening criteria, administration, clinical outcomes and adverse events. RESULTS: Among 5267 reports, 239 full-text articles were screened and 168 articles were included. FMT was performed commonly for CDI (n = 108) and inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) (n = 31). We reported characteristics of 1513 donors [58% male; mean age, 34.3 years; mean body mass index, 21.6]. Donors in Asia were younger than the West (mean age 30.7 vs 32.9, P = 0.00075). Less than 50% of studies screened donors for transmittable pathogens. Final cure rate for CDI was 95.6% (95% confidence interval [CI], 93.9%-97.1%) and final remission rates for ulcerative colitis (UC) and Crohn's disease (CD) were 39.6% (95% CI, 25.4%-54.6%) and 47.5% (95% CI, 29.4%-65.8%), respectively. Cure rates in CDI and final remission rates for CD and UC were comparable across all routes of FMT administration. Overall adverse event incidence was <1%, mostly GI-related. Adverse event rates did not differ significantly between routes of FMT administration or indication. CONCLUSIONS: In a systematic review assessing donor characteristics and FMT efficacy, we observed heterogeneity in donor selection, application and outcomes of FMT. These data can facilitate standardisation of FMT protocols for various diseases.

Published
2019

10. Clinical, endoscopic and radiographic outcomes with ustekinumab in medically-refractory Crohn's disease: real world experience from a multicentre cohort

Author

Ma, C., primary, Fedorak, R. N., additional, Kaplan, G. G., additional, Dieleman, L. A., additional, Devlin, S. M., additional, Stern, N., additional, Kroeker, K. I., additional, Seow, C. H., additional, Leung, Y., additional, Novak, K. L., additional, Halloran, B. P., additional, Huang, V. W., additional, Wong, K., additional, Blustein, P. K., additional, Ghosh, S., additional, and Panaccione, R., additional

Published
2017
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14. Review article: dermatological complications of immunosuppressive and anti-TNF therapy in inflammatory bowel disease

Author

Moran, G. W., primary, Lim, A. W. K., additional, Bailey, J. L., additional, Dubeau, M.-F., additional, Leung, Y., additional, Devlin, S. M., additional, Novak, K., additional, Kaplan, G. G., additional, Iacucci, M., additional, Seow, C., additional, Martin, L., additional, Panaccione, R., additional, and Ghosh, S., additional

Published
2013
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