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Abstract Reconstructing geometric shapes from sparse multiview has always been a challenging task. With the development of neural implicit surfaces, geometry‐based volume rendering surface reconstruction methods have been proven to be able to reconstruct high‐quality surfaces. However, existing geometry‐based reconstruction methods completely associate volume density with signed distance function or unsigned distance function, resulting in the same volume density peak that can only be reconstructed near the object surface. When there are transparent surfaces in the scene, existing methods prioritize the reconstruction of opaque surfaces, neglecting the reconstruction of transparent surfaces, which is disadvantageous when reconstructing real scenes. To solve this problem, we introduce local probability standard variance, which calculates volume density together with signed distance function. In this way, it can reconstruct the volume density that matches the transparency characteristics of the object surface. The method can reconstruct the surface of transparent objects, and experiments on two transparent surface datasets show that the method performs better.

Abstract Aims Serum calcium level is widely used for evaluating disease severity, but its impact on clinical outcomes in patients with congestive heart failure (CHF) remains poorly understood. The aim of this study is to investigate the relationship between serum calcium levels and in‐hospital mortality in CHF patients. Methods and results We conducted a retrospective analysis utilizing clinical data from the Medical Information Mart for Intensive Care database, encompassing a cohort of 15 983 CHF patients. This cohort was stratified based on their serum calcium levels, with the primary objective being the determination of in‐hospital mortality. To assess the impact of admission serum calcium levels on in‐hospital mortality, we employed various statistical methodologies, including multivariable logistic regression models, a generalized additive model, a two‐piecewise linear regression model, and subgroup analysis. Comparative analysis of the reference group (Q3) revealed increased in‐hospital mortality in the first quintile (Q1, the group with the lowest blood calcium level) and the fifth quintile (Q5, the group with the highest blood calcium level), with fully adjusted odds ratios of 1.38 [95% confidence interval (CI): 1.13–1.68, P = 0.002] and 1.23 (95% CI: 1.01–1.5, P = 0.038), respectively. A U‐shaped relationship was observed between serum calcium levels and in‐hospital mortality, with the lowest risk occurring at a threshold of 8.35 mg/dL. The effect sizes and corresponding CIs below and above this threshold were 0.782 (95% CI: 0.667–0.915, P = 0.0023) and 1.147 (95% CI: 1.034–1.273, P = 0.0094), respectively. Stratified analyses confirmed the robustness of this correlation. Conclusions Our study identifies a U‐shaped association between serum calcium levels and in‐hospital mortality in CHF patients, with a notable inflection point at 8.35 mg/dL. Further investigation through prospective, randomized, and controlled studies is warranted to validate the findings presented in this study.

Abstract Aims/Introduction Regulatory T cells (Tregs) have protected against many cardiovascular diseases. This study was intended to explore the effect of Tregs on diabetic cardiomyopathy (DCM) using a db/db mouse model. Materials and methods Eight‐week‐old male db/db mice were randomly divided into four groups: the control group, administered 200 μL phosphate‐buffered saline; the small‐dose Treg group, administered 105 Tregs; the large‐dose Treg group, administered 106 Tregs; and the PC group, administered 100 μg anti‐CD25 specific antibody (PC61) and 106 Tregs. After 12 weeks, mice were euthanized. Transthoracic echocardiography was carried out at the beginning and end of the experiment. Relevant basic experiments to evaluate the effects of Tregs on DCM were carried out. Results Echocardiography showed that the impaired diastolic and systolic functions were significantly improved in mice administered large‐dose Tregs. Large‐dose Tregs significantly ameliorated myocardial hypertrophy and fibrosis, and decreased hypertrophic gene expression and collagen deposition. The protective effects of Tregs on diabetic hearts were associated with decreased oxidative stress, inflammatory response and apoptosis. In addition, Tregs promoted the activation of the phosphatidylinositol 3‐kinase–protein kinase B signaling pathway, whereas they inhibited extracellular signal‐regulated kinase 1/2 and Jun N‐terminal kinase phosphorylation, which might be responsible for the cardioprotective role of Tregs against DCM. Conclusions Tregs ameliorated myocardial hypertrophy and fibrosis, improved cardiac dysfunction, and protected against DCM progression in db/db mice. The mechanisms involved a decrease of inflammatory response, oxidative stress and apoptosis, which might be mediated by phosphatidylinositol 3‐kinase–protein kinase B and mitogen‐activated protein kinase pathways. Hence, Tregs might serve as a promising therapeutic approach for DCM treatment.

Background Revision of tumor‐type prosthetic fractures is very challenging in clinical work. Traditional repair methods may not be able to meet the needs of complex cases or cause greater bone damage. Therefore, more effective and reliable solutions need to be found. Case Presentation This study presents a novel revision technique for managing fractures of tumor‐type total elbow prostheses. A 57‐year‐old female patient was diagnosed with a left distal humeral bone tumor accompanied by pathological fracture and underwent customized tumor‐type total elbow prosthesis arthroplasty. After 5 years, she experienced pain and encountered difficulty in flexing the left elbow while lifting heavy objects. The X‐ray examination revealed a fracture of the distal humeral prosthesis. As a response, the elbow joint was initially explored, and the damaged component of the prosthesis was extracted. Subsequently, we utilized 3D printing technology to design a split‐piece sleeve prosthesis and effectively restored the fractured left distal humerus implant. During the 2‐year follow‐up, The X‐ray demonstrated satisfactory positioning of the prosthesis, which remained securely affixed without any indications of loosening. The Mayo Elbow Performance Score (MEPS) reached 80 points, the Musculoskeletal Tumor Society (MSTS) attained a score of 28 points, and the range of motion of the elbow was measured between 25° and 110°, revealing favorable functional outcomes. Conclusion The utilization of a 3D printed split‐piece sleeve prosthesis presents a viable clinical treatment strategy for addressing fractures in tumor‐type elbow prostheses.

Abstract Objective The present study aimed to identify various distinguishing features for use in the accurate classification of stereoelectroencephalography (SEEG) channels based on high‐frequency oscillations (HFOs) inside and outside the epileptogenic zone (EZ). Methods HFOs were detected in patients with focal epilepsy who underwent SEEG. Subsequently, HFOs within the seizure‐onset and early spread zones were defined as pathological HFOs, whereas others were defined as physiological. Three features of HFOs were identified at the channel level, namely, morphological repetition, rhythmicity, and phase–amplitude coupling (PAC). A machine‐learning (ML) classifier was then built to distinguish two HFO types at the channel level by application of the above‐mentioned features, and the contributions were quantified. Further verification of the characteristics and classifier performance was performed in relation to various conscious states, imaging results, EZ location, and surgical outcomes. Results Thirty‐five patients were included in this study, from whom 166 104 pathological HFOs in 255 channels and 53 374 physiological HFOs in 282 channels were entered into the analysis pipeline. The results revealed that the morphological repetitions of pathological HFOs were markedly higher than those of the physiological HFOs; this was also observed for rhythmicity and PAC. The classifier exhibited high accuracy in differentiating between the two forms of HFOs, as indicated by an area under the curve (AUC) of 0.89. Both PAC and rhythmicity contributed significantly to this distinction. The subgroup analyses supported these findings. Significance The suggested HFO features can accurately distinguish between pathological and physiological channels substantially improving its usefulness in clinical localization. Plain Language Summary In this study, we computed three quantitative features associated with HFOs in each SEEG channel and then constructed a machine learning‐based classifier for the classification of pathological and physiological channels. The classifier performed well in distinguishing the two channel types under different levels of consciousness as well as in terms of imaging results, EZ location, and patient surgical outcomes.

Background Surgical treatment for hinge failure in mega‐prosthesis continues to be a challenge. This study introduces a new method for treating hinge failure by using a unilateral prosthesis and hinge revision. Case Presentation We here present two patients who underwent mega‐prosthesis reconstruction after resection of osteosarcoma in the distal femur. To address the issue of knee hyperextension after mega‐prosthesis reconstruction, one patient underwent three revision surgeries, two surgeries were performed using the original hinge, and one surgery involved a newly designed hinge. To resolve the problem of dislocation, one patient underwent three revisions, with the first two revisions not involving hinge replacement and the third revision involving a newly designed hinge. Two replacements of unilateral prosthesis and hinge renovations were successful. Conclusions Unilateral prosthesis and newly designed hinge device revision are effective in treating the failure of old‐fashioned mega‐prosthesis hinges.

Abstract In carbonate reservoirs characterized by the fracture‐cavity system as storage spaces, the drilling process is highly prone to the loss of drilling fluid. This not only affects drilling efficiency but can also lead to severe accidents, such as blowouts. Therefore, it is crucial to understand the distribution pattern of these fractures. However, the formation of carbonate rock fracture‐cavity system systems, being controlled by various factors, is difficult to precisely identify. This limitation hampers the efficient development of such types of oil and gas fields. This paper presents a case study of the M55 sub‐section carbonate gas reservoir in the Sulige gasfield, proposing an improved You Only Look Once v5s (YOLOv5s) deep learning algorithm. It utilizes enhanced training with conventional logging data to identify response characteristics of fractures in the carbonate reservoirs. And its identification results have been confirmed to be accurate by various fracture data obtained through different means, such as the core samples, cast thin section photographs, imaging logging data, and seismic attributes. This method incorporates the Ghost convolution module to replace the Conv module in the backbone network of the YOLOv5s model, and modifies the C3 module into a Ghost Bottleneck module, effectively making the model more lightweight. Additionally, a Convolutional Block Attention Module is integrated into the Neck network, enhancing the model's feature extraction capabilities. Finally, the method employs the Efficient Intersection over Union Loss function instead of the Complete Intersection over Union Loss, reducing the network's regression loss. The validation results using actual data demonstrate that this method achieves an average recognition accuracy of 87.3% for the fracture‐cavity system, which is a 3% improvement over the baseline model (YOLOv5s). This enhancement is beneficial for precisely locating the drilling fluid loss positions in carbonate reservoirs.

ABSTRACT Introduction Individuals who develop new‐onset diabetes have been identified as a high‐risk cohort for pancreatic cancer (PC), exhibiting an incidence rate nearly 8 times higher than the general population. Hence, the targeted screening of this specific cohort presents a promising opportunity for early pancreatic cancer detection. We aimed to develop and validate a novel model capable of identifying high‐risk individuals among those with new‐onset diabetes. Methods Employing the UK Biobank cohort, we focused on those developing new‐onset diabetes during follow‐up. Genetic and clinical characteristics available at registration were considered as candidate predictors. We conducted univariate regression analysis to identify potential indicators and used a 5‐fold cross‐validation method to select optimal predictors for model development. Five machine learning algorithms were used for model development. Results Among 12,735 patients with new‐onset diabetes, 100 (0.8%) were diagnosed with PC within 2 years. The final model (area under the curve, 0.897; 95% confidence interval, 0.865–0.929) included 5 clinical predictors and 24 single nucleotide polymorphisms. Two threshold cut‐offs were established: 1.28% and 5.26%. The recommended 1.28% cut‐off, based on model performance, reduces definitive testing to 13% of the total population while capturing 76% of PC cases. The high‐risk threshold is 5.26%. Utilizing this threshold, only 2% of the population needs definitive testing, capturing nearly half of PC cases. Conclusions We, for the first time, combined clinical and genetic data to develop and validate a model to determine the risk of pancreatic cancer in patients with new‐onset diabetes using machine learning algorithms. By reducing the number of unnecessary tests while ensuring that a substantial proportion of high‐risk patients are identified, this tool has the potential to improve patient outcomes and optimize healthcare sources.

Background Six randomized trials have not detected a difference between intravenous alteplase plus endovascular thrombectomy and endovascular thrombectomy alone in stroke. Tenecteplase, a recombinant human tenecteplase tissue‐type plasminogen activator, is a genetically modified variant of alteplase. It is unclear whether the outcomes are different if alteplase is replaced with tenecteplase. This trial aims to determine whether intravenous tenecteplase within 4.5 hours of time last known well confers benefit in patients with acute ischemic stroke with large‐vessel occlusion who undergo endovascular thrombectomy. Methods BRIDGE‐TNK (Thrombectomy With Versus Without rhTNK‐tPA in Stroke) is an investigator‐initiated, multicenter, prospective, randomized, open‐label trial with blinded end point evaluation conducted at 40 thrombectomy‐capable centers in China. This trial will randomize 544 patients with intravenous thrombolysis–eligible stroke (272 in each arm) with large‐vessel occlusion within 4.5 hours of last known well to receive bridging intravenous tenecteplase with endovascular thrombectomy (tenecteplase‐plus‐thrombectomy group) or endovascular thrombectomy alone (thrombectomy‐alone group). The primary outcome is the proportion of patients achieving functional independence, defined as a score of 0 to 2 on the modified Rankin Scale, at 90 days. Safety will be assessed via symptomatic intracranial hemorrhage at 48 hours and death at 90 days. Conclusions BRIDGE‐TNK will provide important data on the role of intravenous tenecteplase before endovascular thrombectomy in patients with acute ischemic stroke with large‐vessel occlusion who can be treated within 4.5 hours of last known well. Registration URL: https://clinicaltrials.gov. Unique identifier: NCT04733742.

Abstract Breast cancer patients may initially benefit from cytotoxic chemotherapy but experience treatment resistance and relapse. Chemoresistant breast cancer stem cells (BCSCs) play a pivotal role in cancer recurrence and metastasis, however, identification and eradication of BCSC population in patients are challenging. Here, an mRNA‐based BCSC signature is developed using machine learning strategy to evaluate cancer stemness in primary breast cancer patient samples. Using the BCSC signature, a critical role of polyamine anabolism in the regulation of chemotherapy‐induced BCSC enrichment, is elucidated. Mechanistically, two key polyamine anabolic enzymes, ODC1 and SRM, are directly activated by transcription factor HIF‐1 in response to chemotherapy. Genetic inhibition of HIF‐1‐controlled polyamine anabolism blocks chemotherapy‐induced BCSC enrichment in vitro and in xenograft mice. A novel specific HIF‐1 inhibitor britannin is identified through a natural compound library screening, and demonstrate that coadministration of britannin efficiently inhibits chemotherapy‐induced HIF‐1 transcriptional activity, ODC1 and SRM expression, polyamine levels, and BCSC enrichment in vitro and in xenograft and autochthonous mouse models. The findings demonstrate the key role of polyamine anabolism in BCSC regulation and provide a new strategy for breast cancer treatment.

Abstract The frequency‐domain reflection (FDR) has been demonstrated to be a trustworthy technique in solving the defect location of power cable by field experiments. However, the location spectrum of the FDR requires manual window smoothing and can be disturbed by spurious peaks. Aiming at these shortcomings of FDR, a new method of cable defect location based on Burg power spectral (BPS) is introduced in this paper. The idea of this method is to use linear difference variance to fit the distribution of reflection coefficient spectrum and build an auto‐regressive (AR) model. The Burg algorithm is employed to estimate the coefficients model and calculate the power distribution of the AR model. Then, the cable defects will be located by BPS with high precision and resolution. In this method, the fast Fourier transform (FFT) with windowed function is replaced by an AR model without windowed function. This suppressed the impact of spurious peaks or spectrum leakage in FFT on the localization defects, and the localization resolution is higher. Finally, we validate the feasibility and effectiveness of BPS through experiments conducted on a 500 m laboratory cable and a 9.6 km submarine cable.

Abstract The rapid evolution of clinical medicine, materials science, and regenerative medicine has rendered traditional implantable scaffolds inadequate for addressing the complex therapeutic demands of various diseases. Currently, implantable scaffolds in clinical practice are mainly made of metal, with the disadvantages of high stiffness, poor toughness, and low deformation. This paper offers a thorough review of shape memory scaffolds (SMSs), emphasizing their distinctive self‐recovery and adaptive functionalities that enhance compatibility with injured tissues, surpassing the capabilities of conventional metallic biomaterials. It delves into the limitations of current clinical scaffolds and the requisite performance metrics for effective implants and outlines the essential materials and fabrication methods for SMSs. Moreover, we enumerate the biomedical applications of SMMs with different response types, including thermology‐responsive, water‐responsive, and light‐responsive. The discussion extends to the burgeoning applications of SMSs in biomedical engineering, including their utility in bone tissue engineering, cardiovascular stenting, tubular structures, and cardiac patches, which underscore their potential in minimally invasive procedures and dynamic tissue interactions. This review concludes with an analysis of current challenges and prospects, providing valuable insights for developing and applying SMSs in the biomedical sector.

Abstract Due to the limitations of the raw materials and processes involved, polyolefin separators used in commercial lithium‐ion batteries (LIBs) have gradually failed to meet the increasing requirements of high‐end batteries in terms of energy density, power density, and safety. Hence, it is very important to develop next‐generation separators for advanced lithium (Li)‐based rechargeable batteries including LIBs and Li–S batteries. Nonwoven nanofiber membranes fabricated via electrospinning technology are highly attractive candidates for high‐end separators due to their simple processes, low‐cost equipment, controllable microporous structure, wide material applicability, and availability of multiple functions. In this review, the electrospinning technologies for separators are reviewed in terms of devices, process and environment, and polymer solution systems. Furthermore, strategies toward the improvement of electrospun separators in advanced LIBs and Li–S batteries are presented in terms of the compositions and the structure of nanofibers and separators. Finally, the challenges and prospects of electrospun separators in both academia and industry are proposed. We anticipate that these systematic discussions can provide information in terms of commercial applications of electrospun separators and offer new perspectives for the design of functional electrospun separators for advanced Li‐based batteries.

Abstract Because it can lead to retaliatory killing, livestock depredation by large carnivores is among the foremost threats to carnivore conservation, and it severely impacts human well‐being worldwide. Ongoing climate change can amplify these human–wildlife conflicts, but such issues are largely unexplored, though are becoming increasingly recognized. Here, we assessed how the availability of primary resources and wild prey interact to shape large carnivore selection for livestock rather than wild prey (i.e., via prey switching or apparent competition). Specifically, we combined remotely sensed estimates of primary resources (i.e., water availability and primary productivity), wild prey movement, and 7 years (2015–2021) of reports for livestock depredation by African lions (Panthera leo) in the Makgadikgadi Pans ecosystem, Botswana. Although livestock depredation did not vary between wet versus dry seasons, analyses at finer temporal scales revealed higher incidences of livestock depredation when primary production, water availability, and wild prey availability were lower, though the effects of wild prey availability were mediated by water availability. Increased precipitation also amplified livestock depredation events despite having no influence on wild prey availability. Our results suggest that livestock depredation is influenced by the diverse responses of livestock, wild prey, and lions to primary resource availability, a driver that is largely overlooked or oversimplified in studies of human–carnivore conflict. Our findings provide insight into tailoring potential conflict mitigation strategies to fine‐scale changes in resource conditions to efficiently reduce conflict and support human livelihoods.

Abstract Intervertebral disc degeneration (IVDD) is a chronic degenerative disease involving the aging and loss of proliferative capacity of nucleus pulposus cells (NPCs), processes heavily dependent on mitochondrial dynamics and autophagic flux. This study finds that the absence of BCL2/adenovirus E1B 19 kDa interacting protein 3 (BNIP3) is associated with senescence‐related NPC degeneration, disrupting mitochondrial quality control. Bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells (BMSCs) have multidirectional differentiation potential and produce extracellular vesicles containing cellular activators. Therefore, in this study, BMSCs are induced under hypoxic stimulation to deliver BNIP3‐rich extracellular vesicles to NPCs, thereby alleviating aging‐associated mitochondrial autophagic flux, promoting damaged mitochondrial clearance, and restoring mitochondrial quality control. Mechanistically, BNIP3 is shown to interact with the membrane‐bound protein annexin A2 (ANXA2), enabling the liberation of the transcription factor EB (TFEB) from the ANXA2‐TFEB complex, promoting TFEB nuclear translocation, and regulating autophagy and lysosomal gene activation. Furthermore, a rat model of IVDD is established and verified the in vivo efficacy of the exosomes in repairing disc injuries, delaying NPC aging, and promoting extracellular matrix (ECM) synthesis. In summary, hypoxia‐induced BMSC exosomes deliver BNIP3‐rich vesicles to alleviate disc degeneration by activating the mitochondrial BNIP3/ANXA2/TFEB axis, providing a new target for IVDD treatment.

Abstract Broad bean (Vicia faba L.) has received attention from the food and animal feed industries as a sustainable, inexpensive, and versatile plant‐based protein source. However, long‐term consumption of broad bean, especially unprocessed ones, can lead to hepatic lipid accumulation. To investigate how broad bean affected hepatic lipid metabolism and its underlying mechanisms, we conducted a multi‐omics analysis of crisp grass carp (Ctenopharyngodon idellus C. et V) model with hepatic steatosis after feeding with single broad bean for 120 days. The glycolysis inhibition, increased de novo lipogenesis, abnormalities in lipid metabolism, and activation of oxidative stress were the key processes involved in broad bean‐induced hepatic lipid accumulation. Disturbances in intestinal flora caused by damage to the intestinal barrier and increased lipopolysaccharide caused by broad bean promoted hepatic lipid accumulation. Reduction of antinutritional factors and balanced diet offer potential strategies to mitigate the liver damage caused by broad bean consumption. Overall, our findings provided a theoretical basis for the wide application of broad bean as animal feeds.

Abstract The electrification of public transportation is one significant step towards the sustainability of modern society. Both power networks and traffic networks are influenced by the optimal allocation of electric‐bus (e‐bus) charging stations. In this paper, the optimal operation cost of e‐bus charging stations is first designed based on the charging price and congestion toll. Charging price and congestion toll are used to guide charging behavior to reduce total traveling and waiting time. Second, the e‐bus charging station allocation method is proposed. The planning costs are optimized to locate e‐bus charging stations on coupled power and traffic networks. Third, a non‐dominated sorting genetic algorithm‐II (NSGA‐II) is adopted to solve the multi‐objective optimization problem, which maximizes the captured traffic flow and minimizes infrastructure investment at the same time. The effectiveness of NSGA‐II is proved compared with the enumeration method. Finally, based on a 33‐node power distribution network and a 77‐node traffic network, simulation results demonstrate the feasibility of the e‐bus charging station allocation method.

Abstract Objective Fluorine‐18‐fluorodeoxyglucose–positron emission tomography (FDG‐PET) is routinely used for presurgical evaluation in many epilepsy centers. Hypometabolic characteristics have been extensively examined in prior studies, but the metabolic patterns associated with specific pathological types of drug‐resistant epilepsy remain to be fully defined. This study was developed to explore the relationship between metabolic patterns or characteristics and surgical outcomes in type I and II focal cortical dysplasia (FCD) patients based on results from a large cohort. Methods Data from individuals who underwent epilepsy surgery from 2014 to 2019 with a follow‐up duration of over 3 years and a pathological classification of type I or II FCD in our hospital were retrospectively analyzed. Hypometabolic patterns were quantitatively identified via statistical parametric mapping (SPM) and qualitatively analyzed via visual examination of PET‐MRI co‐registration images. Univariate analyses were used to explore the relationship between metabolic patterns and surgical outcomes. Results In total, this study included data from 210 patients. Following SPM calculations, four hypometabolic patterns were defined including unilobar, multi‐lobar, and remote patterns as well as cases where no pattern was evident. In type II FCD patients, the unilobar pattern was associated with the best surgical outcomes (p = 0.014). In visual analysis, single gyrus (p = 0.032) and Clear‐cut hypometabolism edge (p = 0.040) patterns exhibited better surgery outcomes in the type II FCD group. Conclusions PET metabolic patterns are well‐correlated with the prognosis of type II FCD patients. However, similar correlations were not observed in type I FCD, potentially owing to the complex distribution of the epileptogenic region. Plain Language Summary In this study, we demonstrated that FDG‐PET was a crucial examination for patients with FCD, which was a common cause of epilepsy. We compared the surgical prognosis for patients with different hypometabolism distribution patterns and found that clear and focal abnormal region in PET was correlated with good surgical outcome in type II FCD patients.

Abstract Aims Left ventricular aneurysm (LVA) is an important complication of acute myocardial infarction. The aim of this study was to investigate the possible predictive value of blood urea nitrogen‐to‐albumin ratio (BAR) for the LVA formation in acute ST‐segment elevation myocardial infarction (STEMI) patients who underwent primary percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI). Methods and results A total of 1123 consecutive patients with STEMI were prospectively enrolled. The clinical and laboratory data were compared between LVA group and non‐LVA group. Multivariable logistic regression analysis was performed to assess the independent risk factors of LVA formation. Predictive power of BAR and composite variable for LVA formation were assessed using receiver operating characteristic curve. LVA was detected in 162 patients (14.4%). The BAR was significantly higher in patients with LVA [0.16 (0.13–0.19) vs. 0.13 (0.10–0.17), P

Abstract Enhanced Loran (eLoran) is the most important backup system for Global Navigation Satellite System (GNSS). However, most current eLoran demodulation methods are based on digital signal processing, which may produce large errors under the influence of strong interference or noise. The authors propose an eLoran signal message prediction algorithm based on deep learning. Using time‐frequency (TF) analysis convert one‐dimensional signal into two‐dimensional high‐resolution image. It improves Alexnet by adjusting the convolutional layer structure, adding an attention module, and reducing the pooling layer window to construct the Alexnet‐ECA network. The network is used to identify TF image features and predict signal message. The experimental results show that novel method for eLoran signal message prediction based on Alexnet‐ECA can achieve high accuracy and robustness in various SNR scenarios. The accuracy is more than 90% at SNR greater than 10db and not less than 80% even in the complex environments. Compared with Resnet34 and VGG16 networks, Alexnet‐ECA demonstrates its efficiency and effectiveness using real measurement data. This method can enhance the performance and reliability of eLoran receivers and applications.

Abstract This work addresses the ongoing challenge of optimizing sand control screens, attributed to a limited understanding of screen blocking. A novel one‐way computational fluid dynamics and discrete element method (CFD–DEM) coupling technique is presented to analyze the structural parameters of unconsolidated prepacked gravel screens (PPGS). CFD–DEM involves systematically investigating the width of the punched slot on the outer protective screen, the size of the gravel, and the efficiency of gravel packing to improve the antiblocking capability of unconsolidated PPGS. Results from numerical simulations reveal that under conditions of effective sand control, the amount of sand entering the gravel layer to the bridge (referred to as the sand pass rate) is positively correlated with the antilocking ability (referred to as oil productivity index) for unconsolidated PPGS. The efficiency of gravel packing has the most substantial effect on the antilocking performance of unconsolidated PPGS. The data suggest that appropriately reducing the efficiency of gravel packing can enhance the antilocking capability of unconsolidated PPGS. To design an unconsolidated PPGS with enhanced antilocking capability, the efficiency of gravel packing be determined first. Then, the gravel size is designed based on this efficiency, and the width relative to the gravel size is decided. This contemporary design principle diverges considerably from previous design principles for gravel‐packed sand control screens. Supporting validation experiments agree with simulation outcomes, suggesting the established one‐way CFD–DEM coupling method in this paper is suitable for analyzing the plugging mechanism of unconsolidated PPGS. Thus, the CFD–DEM coupling method improves the design of such screens for improved antiblocking performance.

Objective Glucocorticoid (GC) overuse is strongly associated with steroid‐induced osteonecrosis of the femoral head (SINFH). However, the underlying mechanism of SINFH remains unclear. This study aims to investigate the effect of dexamethasone (Dex)‐induced oxidative stress on osteocyte apoptosis and the underlying mechanisms. Methods Ten patients with SINFH and 10 patients with developmental dysplasia of the hips (DDH) were enrolled in our study. Sixty rats were randomly assigned to the Control, Dex, Dex + N‐Acetyl‐L‐cysteine (NAC), Dex + Dibenziodolium chloride (DPI), NAC, and DPI groups. Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) was used to examine edema in the femoral head of rats. Histopathological staining was performed to assess osteonecrosis. Immunofluorescence staining with TUNEL and 8‐OHdG was conducted to evaluate osteocyte apoptosis and oxidative damage. Immunohistochemical staining was carried out to detect the expression of NOX1, NOX2, and NOX4. Viability and apoptosis of MLO‐Y4 cells were measured using the CCK‐8 assay and TUNEL staining. 8‐OHdG staining was conducted to detect oxidative stress. 2′,7′‐Dichlorodihydrofluorescein diacetate (DCFH‐DA) staining was performed to measure reactive oxygen species (ROS). The expression of NOX1, NOX2, and NOX4 in MLO‐Y4 cells was analyzed by Western blotting. Multiple comparisons were performed using one‐way analysis of variance (ANOVA). Results In patients and the rat model, hematoxylin–eosin (HE) staining revealed a significantly higher rate of empty lacunae in the SINFH group than in the DDH group. Immunofluorescence staining indicated a significant increase in TUNEL‐positive cells and 8‐OHdG‐positive cells in the SINFH group compared to the DDH group. Immunohistochemical staining demonstrated a significant increase in the expression of NOX1, NOX2, and NOX4 proteins in SINFH patients compared to DDH patients. Moreover, immunohistochemical staining showed a significant increase in the proportion of NOX2‐positive cells compared to the Control group in the femoral head of rats. In vitro, Dex significantly inhibited the viability of osteocyte cells and induced apoptosis. After Dex treatment, the intracellular ROS level increased. However, Dex treatment did not alter the expression of NOX proteins in vitro. Additionally, NAC and DPI inhibited the generation of intracellular ROS and partially alleviated osteocyte apoptosis in vivo and in vitro. Conclusion This study demonstrates that GC promotes apoptosis of osteocyte cells through ROS‐induced oxidative stress. Furthermore, we found that the increased expression of NOXs induced by GC serves as an important source of ROS generation.

Abstract Frequent intravesical chemotherapy is still the adopted clinical option after bladder cancer surgery with low adhesion, poor selectivity, low permeability, and drug resistance. Herein, we develop an ingenious bladder cancer dissociation method to enhance intravesical chemotherapy and tumor self‐exclusion with urine. Ethylene diamine tetraacetic acid (EDTA), a common Ca2+ chelator, is loaded with the typical clinical bladder instillation drug doxorubicin (Dox) in chitosan‐modified hollow gold nanorods and subsequently coated with cancer cell membranes. After bladder perfusion, the nanoplatform exhibits high affinity toward bladder tumors under homologous targeting, assisting in long‐term retention. Under NIR‐II laser irradiation, the photothermal effect accelerates the unloading of cargo, and the released EDTA then disrupts intratumoral junctions by depriving and chelating Ca2+ from the intercellular calcium‐dependent connexin. The consequential intertumoral dissociation gives access to the deeper penetration of Dox and allows the exclusion of the shed small tumor masses from the body with the urine. This distinctive tumor dissociation concept holds great promise for modern clinical intravesical chemotherapy and perhaps for other gastrointestinal malignancies.

ABSTRACT Background In this network meta‐analysis (NMA), the efficiency and safety of PD‐1 inhibitors + chemotherapy and PD‐L1 inhibitors + chemotherapy were compared in the first‐line therapy of patients with extensive‐stage small cell lung cancer (ES‐SCLC). Methods We searched research databases, conference abstracts, and trial registries and subsequently chose relevant studies and extracted dates. The NMA was conducted to estimate the efficiency and safety of the PD‐1 inhibitors + chemotherapy and PD‐L1 inhibitors + chemotherapy on overall survival (OS), progression‐free survival (PFS), overall remission rate (ORR), and adverse events (AEs). Studies were assessed for quality. Subgroup analyses were used to evaluate study heterogeneity. Results We included six randomized trials with a total of 3163 patients. Direct comparisons showed that patients who received either PD‐1 inhibitors + chemotherapy (HR: 0.71, 95% CI: 0.57–0.87) or PD‐L1 inhibitors + chemotherapy (HR: 0.74, 0.61–0.89) demonstrated significantly longer OS than those who received placebo + chemotherapy. The results of the NMA showed that no significant differences in OS (HR 0.96 95% CI: 0.72–1.3), PFS (HR 0.83, 95% CI: 0.51–1.4), and ORR (OR 1.3 95% CI: 0.66–2.5) were observed for PD‐1 inhibitors + chemotherapy compared with PD‐L1 inhibitors + chemotherapy, but the Bayesian ranking revealed that patients receiving PD‐1 inhibitors + chemotherapy tended to have longer OS, PFS benefit, and better treatment response than patients receiving PD‐L1 inhibitors + chemotherapy. In terms of safety, no significant difference was observed in their safety profiles. Conclusion In comparison to placebo + chemotherapy, PD‐L1 inhibitors + chemotherapy and PD‐1 inhibitors + chemotherapy significantly improved survival for ES‐SCLC. According to the available data, PD‐L1 inhibitors + chemotherapy and PD‐1 inhibitors + chemotherapy had equivalent efficacy and safety; however, the level of evidence of this type of comparison is limited.

Abstract Acute asthma exacerbation refers to the progressive deterioration of asthma symptoms that is always triggered by virus infection represented by respiratory syncytial virus (RSV). After RSV infection, exaggerated Th2‐mediated pulmonary inflammation is the critical pathological response of asthmatic patients with acute exacerbation. Significantly, airway epithelial cells, being the primary targets of RSV infection, play a crucial role in controlling the pulmonary inflammatory response by releasing airway epithelial cell‐derived exosomes (AEC‐Exos), which potentially influence the development of asthma. However, the specific role of AEC‐Exos in acute asthma exacerbation after RSV infection remains obscure. The purpose of this study was to determine the distinct function of AEC‐Exos in exacerbating acute asthma following RSV infection. Blockade of exosomes by GW reduce the enhanced pulmonary inflammation significantly. Specifically, the enhanced Th2 inflammation was induced by AEC‐Exos thorough transportation of hsa‐miR‐155‐5p–Sirtuin 1 (SIRT1) pathway during acute asthma exacerbation. Targeted inhibition of hsa‐miR‐155‐5p blocks the exaggerated Th2 inflammation effectively in mice with acute asthma exacerbation. In summary, our study showed that during acute asthma exacerbation after RSV infection, AEC‐Exos promote the enhanced Th2 inflammation through transportation of increased hsa‐miR‐155‐5p, which was mediated partly through SIRT1‐mediated pathway. hsa‐miR‐155‐5p is a potential biomarker for early prediction of acute asthma exacerbation.

Abstract Congenital heart disease (CHD) is a structural abnormality of the heart and/or great vessels and patients with CHD are at an increased risks of various morbidities throughout their lives and reduced long‐term survival. Eventually, CHD may result in various complications including heart failure, arrhythmias, stroke, pneumonia, and sudden death. Unfortunately, the exact etiology and pathophysiology of some CHD remain unclear. Although the quality of life and prognosis of patients with CHD have significantly improved following technological advancement, the influence of CHD is lifelong, especially in patients with complicated CHD. Thus, the management of CHD remains a challenge due to its high prevalence. Finally, there are some disagreements on CHD among international guidelines. In this review, we provide an update of the pathophysiology, diagnosis, and treatment in most common type of CHD, including patent foramen ovale, atrial septal defect, ventricular septal defect, atrioventricular septal defect, patent ductus arteriosus, coarctation of the aorta, transposition of the great arteries, congenitally corrected transposition of the great arteries, coronary anomalies, left and right ventricular outflow tract obstruction, tetralogy of Fallot and Ebstein anomaly. In particular, we focus on what is known and what is unknown in these areas, aiming to improve the current understanding of various types of CHD.

Abstract An improved model predictive control (MPC) with Luenberger state observer is proposed in this article for LC‐coupling hybrid active power filter (LC‐HAPF). Traditionally, the implementation of MPC for LC‐HAPF requires additional sensors to measure coupling capacitor voltage, thereby increases the system cost and reduces reliability. The existence of one‐step sampling delay in practice will also affect the final compensation performance. To relax these problems, both continuous and discrete models are deduced first. Then, the Luenberger observer is utilized based on the discrete model to mitigate the steady‐state error without additional sensors. In addition, the sampling delay compensation is provided by improving the prediction horizon. Finally, the effectiveness of the improved MPC for LC‐HAPF is verified by experiment results, indicating that the proposed method has fast dynamic response and low steady‐state error.

Abstract FOXG1 syndrome is a developmental encephalopathy caused by FOXG1 (Forkhead box G1) mutations, resulting in high phenotypic variability. However, the upstream transcriptional regulation of Foxg1 expression remains unclear. This report demonstrates that both deficiency and overexpression of Men1 (protein: menin, a pathogenic gene of MEN1 syndrome known as multiple endocrine neoplasia type 1) lead to autism‐like behaviors, such as social defects, increased repetitive behaviors, and cognitive impairments. Multifaceted transcriptome analyses revealed that Foxg1 signaling is predominantly altered in Men1 deficiency mice, through its regulation of the Alpha Thalassemia/Mental Retardation Syndrome X‐Linked (Atrx) factor. Atrx recruits menin to bind to the transcriptional start region of Foxg1 and mediates the regulation of Foxg1 expression by H3K4me3 (Trimethylation of histone H3 lysine 4) modification. The deficits observed in menin deficient mice are rescued by the over‐expression of Foxg1, leading to normalized spine growth and restoration of hippocampal synaptic plasticity. These findings suggest that menin may have a putative role in the maintenance of Foxg1 expression, highlighting menin signaling as a potential therapeutic target for Foxg1‐related encephalopathy.

Objectives Analyzing the lower limb coronal morphological parameters in populations without knee osteoarthritis (KOA) holds significant value in predicting, diagnosing, and formulating surgical strategies for KOA. This study aimed to comprehensively analyze the variability in these parameters among Chinese non‐KOA populations, employing a substantial sample size. Methods A cross‐sectional retrospective analysis was performed on the Chinese non‐KOA populations (n = 407; 49.9% females). The study employed an in‐house developed artificial intelligence software to meticulously assess the coronal morphological parameters of all 814 lower limbs. The parameters evaluated included the hip‐knee‐ankle angle (HKAA), weight‐bearing line ratio (WBLR), joint line convergence angle (JLCA), mechanical lateral‐proximal‐femoral angle (mLPFA), mechanical lateral‐distal‐femoral angle (mLDFA), mechanical medial‐proximal‐tibial angle (mMPTA), and mechanical lateral‐distal‐tibial angle (mLDTA). Differences in these parameters were compared between left and right limbs, different genders, and different age groups (with 50 years as the cut‐off point). Results HKAA and JLCA exhibited left–right differences (left vs. right: 178.2° ± 3.0° vs. 178.6° ± 2.9° for HKAA, p = 0.001; and 1.8° ± 1.5° vs. 1.4° ± 1.6° for JLCA, p

Abstract In this study, a robust adaptive event‐triggered iterative learning control (ET‐ILC) method is developed for discrete‐time non‐repetitive nonlinear systems with both time‐varying system parameters and time‐iteration‐varying non‐parametric uncertainty. The proposed method utilizes an iteration‐varying dead‐zone function to estimate both parametric and non‐parametric uncertainties simultaneously. Moreover, an event‐triggered control mechanism including a mixed triggering strategy is employed to minimize the unnecessary usage of communication resource. This strategy updates the controller only when the triggering condition is met, thereby reducing the frequency of controller actions. The results are also extended to a class of multiple‐input–multiple‐output (MIMO) non‐repetitive nonlinear systems. The designed robust adaptive ET‐ILC algorithm not only guarantees perfect learning convergence in the iteration domain but also contributes to saving the system resources. The effectiveness of the presented method is demonstrated by virtue of the rigorous theoretical analysis and the illustrative simulation examples.

Abstract Background Triple‐negative breast cancer (TNBC) is a relatively common malignant tumor with high mortality rates. There are limited treatment options and current therapy regimens often fall short of providing positive outcomes. The development of immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs) have provided a vital treatment option although efficacy has varied. Here, we review patient response to current TNBC treatment with and without the addition of ICIs. Methods A systematic search of PubMed, Cochrane, and EMBASE library databases was done to search eligible studies published from their inception through April 3, 2022. The primary outcome indicators used were progression‐free survival (PFS), overall survival (OS), pathological complete response rate (pCR) and objective remission rate (ORR), while adverse events (AEs) were also analyzed. Publication bias and sensitivity analyses and were performed to evaluate the quality of assessment. Results Overall, the meta‐analysis looked at seven randomized controlled trials (RCTs) that included 4631 patients with TNBC. Results showed an improvement in PFS for patients receiving ICI in addition to chemotherapy (CT) in both the intent‐to‐treat (ITT) population and PD‐L1 positive patients. Increased pCR rates were observed in all patients irrespective of PD‐L1 status as well as increased ORR in the ITT which was more notable in PD‐L1 positive subjects. While significant improvement in OS was observed only in PD‐L1 positive individuals, the use of ICIs plus CT resulted in severe adverse reactions, specifically immune‐related. Conclusions This study supports the increased efficacy of ICIs in combination with CT compared to CT alone in patients with TNBC, with the most notable benefit observed in PD‐L1 positive patients. However, combination therapy increases the risk of adverse reactions which warrants further investigation.

Abstract In existing remote sensing image retrieval (RSIR) datasets, the number of images among different classes varies dramatically, which leads to a severe class imbalance problem. Some studies propose to train the model with the ranking‐based metric (e.g., average precision [AP]), because AP is robust to class imbalance. However, current AP‐based methods overlook an important issue: only optimising samples ranking before each positive sample, which is limited by the definition of AP and is prone to local optimum. To achieve global optimisation of AP, a novel method, namely Optimising Samples after positive ones & AP loss (OSAP‐Loss) is proposed in this study. Specifically, a novel superior ranking function is designed to make the AP loss differentiable while providing a tighter upper bound. Then, a novel loss called Optimising Samples after Positive ones (OSP) loss is proposed to involve all positive and negative samples ranking after each positive one and to provide a more flexible optimisation strategy for each sample. Finally, a graphics processing unit memory‐free mechanism is developed to thoroughly address the non‐decomposability of AP optimisation. Extensive experimental results on RSIR as well as conventional image retrieval datasets show the superiority and competitive performance of OSAP‐Loss compared to the state‐of‐the‐art.

Abstract Examining beta diversity of animal assemblages in fragmented habitats, which measures variation in species composition among different fragments, is important for understanding the impact of habitat fragmentation on biodiversity. However, relying solely on taxonomic composition may not provide a comprehensive understanding. Incorporating measures of functional and phylogenetic diversities is essential for elucidating the ecological mechanisms underlying changes in community composition. In addition, prevailing studies often prioritize the evaluation of landscape characteristics within fragments as determinants of beta diversity, neglecting differences in habitat type and plant community composition. In this study, we surveyed birds in 26 remnant woodlot patches (ranging from 0.3 to 290.4 ha) in an urban landscape, southwest China, during the breeding season from 2017 to 2022. We recorded 70 bird species (excluding those recorded only once and high‐flying birds, including raptors, swallows, and swifts), with the number of species per patch varying from 14 to 56. The overall bird taxonomic and phylogenetic beta diversities were primarily contributed by the turnover component, while functional beta diversity was dominated by the nestedness‐resultant component. Patch area and perimeter area ratio significantly influenced the taxonomic, functional, and phylogenetic beta diversities, primarily mediated through the nestedness‐resultant component, while inter‐patch distance had a significant effect via the turnover component. In addition, there was a considerable correlation of bird taxonomic, functional, and phylogenetic beta diversities with habitat type and woody plant beta diversities, including their respective partitioned turnover and nestedness‐resultant components. Our results suggest that bird assemblages in these patches may be regulated by selective extinction, interspecific competition, and environmental filtering. The findings have significant implications for sustainable landscape planning and habitat restoration. Conserving habitat patches of different sizes and maintaining or enhancing habitat heterogeneity between patches can facilitate the persistence of metacommunities.

Abstract Quality controlling for capsule endoscopic images can be completed with the assistance of artificial intelligence, but the labeling process is time‐consuming. Domain adaption is a robust tool for cross‐domain learning to reach a consistent target. Current research aims to study the feasibility and effectiveness of domain adaption from ordinary endoscopic images to capsule endoscopic images in quality controlling. Dynamic adversarial adaptation network (DAAN) was trained to identify low‐quality images using ordinary endoscopic images with corresponding labels (source domain with supervision) and capsule endoscopic images without corresponding labels (target domain without supervision) so that image quality controlling can be transferred from ordinary to capsule endoscopic images. 62,850 images from capsule endoscopy and 17,434 images from ordinary endoscopy were included in developing deep learning models. In internal cross‐validation, DAAN achieved an average area under receiver operating characteristic curve (AUROC) of 0.8638 (95% confidence interval [CI] 0.6753–1.0000) in filtering low‐quality images for capsule endoscopic images, compared with CNN B/16 and L/32, which were also trained with ordinary endoscopic images with corresponding labels. 18,636 images from 355 patients who received capsule endoscopy were prospectively collected. The AUROC of DAAN reached 0.9471 (95% CI 0.9428–0.9511), which surpassed CNN (0.8570 and 95% CI [0.8529–0.8608]) and ViT (L/32: 0.8183 and 95% CI [0.8143–0.8220] and B/16: 0.7779 and 95% CI [0.7960–0.8036]). Domain adaption can complete image quality controlling task in capsule endoscopic images with the supervision of ordinary endoscopic images, whose quantity is smaller so that the annotation workload can be alleviated.

Abstract Acute lung injury/acute respiratory distress syndrome (ALI/ARDS) is characterised by an uncontrolled inflammatory response, and current treatment strategies have limited efficacy. Although the protective effect of M2‐like macrophages (M2φ) and their extracellular vesicles (EVs) has been well‐documented in other inflammatory diseases, the role of M2φ‐derived EVs (M2φ‐EVs) in the pathogenesis of ALI/ARDS remains poorly understood. The present study utilised a mouse model of lipopolysaccharide‐induced ALI to first demonstrate a decrease in endogenous M2‐like alveolar macrophage‐derived EVs. And then, intratracheal instillation of exogenous M2φ‐EVs from the mouse alveolar macrophage cell line (MH‐S) primarily led to a take up by alveolar macrophages, resulting in reduced lung inflammation and injury. Mechanistically, the M2φ‐EVs effectively suppressed the pyroptosis of alveolar macrophages and inhibited the release of excessive cytokines such as IL‐6, TNF‐α and IL‐1β both in vivo and in vitro, which were closely related to NF‐κB/NLRP3 signalling pathway inhibition. Of note, the protective effect of M2φ‐EVs was partly mediated by miR‐709, as evidenced by the inhibition of miR‐709 expression in M2φ‐EVs mitigated their protective effect against lipopolysaccharide‐induced ALI in mice. In addition, we found that the expression of miR‐709 in EVs derived from bronchoalveolar lavage fluid was correlated negatively with disease severity in ARDS patients, indicating its potential as a marker for ARDS severity. Altogether, our study revealed that M2φ‐EVs played a protective role in the pathogenesis of ALI/ARDS, partly mediated by miR‐709, offering a potential strategy for assessing disease severity and treating ALI/ARDS.

Abstract Background Chordoma, a rare bone tumour with aggressive local invasion and high recurrence rate with limited understanding of its molecular mechanisms. Circular RNAs (circRNAs) have been extensively implicated in tumorigenesis, yet their involvement in chordoma remains largely unexplored. N6‐methyladenosine (m6A) modification holds a crucial function in regulating protein translation, RNA degradation and transcription. Methods Initially, screening and validation of circTEAD1 in chordoma were conducted by high‐throughput sequencing. Subsequently, sh‐circTEAD1 and an overexpression plasmid were constructed. Colony formation assays, cell counting kit‐8, Transwell and wound healing assays were utilized to validate the function of circTEAD1 in vitro. RNA pull‐down assays identified the binding proteins of circTEAD1, which underwent verification through RNA immunoprecipitation (RIP). Methylated RIP assays were conducted to detect the m6A binding sites. Following this, luciferase assay, RT‐qPCR, RIP and Western blotting analyses were conducted, revealing that Yap1 was the direct target of circTEAD1. Afterwards, the same methods were utilized for the validation of the function of Yap1 in chordoma in vitro. Finally, the regulatory relationship between circTEAD1 and Yap1 in chordoma was verified by an in vivo tumour formation assay. Results CircTEAD1 was identified as an upregulated circRNA in chordoma specimens, with heightened circTEAD1 expression emerging as a prognostic indicator. In vitro experiments convincingly demonstrated that circTEAD1 significantly promoted chordoma cell invasion, migration and aggressiveness. Furthermore, the analysis revealed that methyltransferase‐like 3‐mediated m6A modification facilitated the cytoplasmic export of circTEAD1. The circTEAD1/IGF2BP3/Yap1 mRNA RNA‐protein ternary complex not only bolstered the stability of Yap1 mRNA but also exerted a pivotal role in driving chordoma tumorigenesis. Conclusions In this study, the role of m6A‐modified circTEAD1 in chordoma was identified. The findings offer novel insights into the potential molecular targets for chordoma therapy, shedding light on the intricate interplay between circRNAs, m6A modification and Yap1 mRNA in chordoma pathogenesis.

Abstract The extracellular matrix (ECM) undergoes substantial changes during prostate cancer (PCa) progression, thereby regulating PCa growth and invasion. Herein, a meta‐analysis of multiple PCa cohorts is performed which revealed that downregulation or genomic loss of ITGA1 and ITGA2 integrin genes is associated with tumor progression and worse prognosis. Genomic deletion of both ITGA1 and ITGA2 activated epithelial‐to‐mesenchymal transition (EMT) in benign prostate epithelial cells, thereby enhancing their invasive potential in vitro and converting them into tumorigenic cells in vivo. Mechanistically, EMT is induced by enhanced secretion and autocrine activation of TGFβ1 and nuclear targeting of YAP1. An unbiased genome‐wide co‐expression analysis of large PCa cohort datasets identified the transcription factor TEAD1 as a key regulator of ITGA1 and ITGA2 expression in PCa cells while TEAD1 loss phenocopied the dual loss of α1‐ and α2‐integrins in vitro and in vivo. Remarkably, clinical data analysis revealed that TEAD1 downregulation or genomic loss is associated with aggressive PCa and together with low ITGA1 and ITGA2 expression synergistically impacted PCa prognosis and progression. This study thus demonstrated that loss of α1‐ and α2‐integrins, either via deletion/inactivation of the ITGA1/ITGA2 locus or via loss of TEAD1, contributes to PCa progression by inducing TGFβ1‐driven EMT.

Abstract Fungi are dependent on animal manure as a cultivation medium and may be vulnerable to feed‐derived β‐agonist contamination. To test whether β‐agonists incorporated in animal feed can transport into fungi through manure, a greenhouse study was conducted with Tricholoma gambosum grown in a culture medium amended with medicated cattle manure. Cattle were orally administrated with a single (ractopamine, 670.0 μg/kg BW/day) or a mixture of β‐agonists (clenbuterol, ractopamine, and salbutamol at the doses of 5.3, 223.3, and 50.0 μg/kg BW/day, respectively) for 28 days. Three batches of T. gambosum were harvested. A liquid chromatography tandem mass spectrometry‐based method was developed to quantify the number of β‐agonists taken up by T. gambosum from animal manure. The analytical recoveries for β‐agonists were between 66.61% and 91.78% with relative standard deviations between 1.70% and 12.18%, and the limit of quantification (LOQ) was 0.3 ng/g. The ractopamine residues in T. gambosum from batch 1 were 1.3 ng/g and were below the LOQ in batches 2 and 3 in the single treatment group. In the mixed treatment group, ractopamine concentrations were 0.42 and 0.50 ng/g in batches 1 and 2, respectively, and the salbutamol concentration was 1.94 ng/g in batch 1, while clenbuterol was undetectable in all three batches. These results indicated that the β‐agonists transferred to T. gambosum in trace amounts and presented a limited risk to consumers.

Abstract Compressed air energy storage (CAES) is attracting attention as one of large‐scale renewable energy storage systems. Its gas storage chamber is one of key components for its success. A successful utilization of an abandoned coalmine roadway depends on the stability of the gas storage chamber. The chamber is a multilayer structure and the redistribution of the stress and displacement in each layer is critical to the chamber stability. So far, this redistribution mechanism under any lateral pressure coefficient and internal air pressure has been unclear and thus a quick and easy evaluation on the CAES chamber stability becomes difficult. In this study, the redistributions of stress and displacement in each layer are analytically solved based on complex variable function theory. First, the stress and displacement in three CAES multilayer structures are obtained under any lateral pressure coefficient and internal air pressure. Then, a comprehensive parameter b1 is obtained to describe the redistribution of stress and displacement in rock mass, lining layer, and grout layer. Its linkage with lateral pressure coefficient, internal air pressure, and material properties is analytically expressed. Thirdly, an analytical expression is obtained for the influence range of internal air pressure on chamber stress. Finally, the role and selection of lining and grouting layers are explored at different lateral pressure coefficient and internal air pressure. It is found that the CAES chamber stability can be effectively and quickly evaluated by these analytical solutions and comprehensive parameters and enhanced by a material with low bulk modulus but high shear modulus.

Objective Pelvic compensation is common in femoroacetabular impingement (FAI) patients to reduce symptoms and increase range of motion. However, little attention was given to the postoperative clinical effect of pelvic compensation. Therefore, this study aims to compare the outcomes between pelvic compensation and normal pelvic position in femoroacetabular impingement (FAI) patients after hip arthroscopy. Methods The retrospective study was conducted from January 2019 to June 2022, recruited consecutive patients who were diagnosed with FAI and received subsequent arthroscopic treatment. All patients completed an X‐ray in the anterior–posterior standing position before and 4 weeks after surgery. Patients with pelvic compensation were compared with those who did not. Functional outcomes included hip disability and osteoarthritis outcome score (HOOS), modified Harris (mHHS) score, and lower‐extremity activity scale (LEAS). Secondary outcomes included the EuroQol Five Dimensions Questionnaire (EQ‐5D) and patient satisfaction. The intraclass correlation coefficient (ICC) was used to analyze interobserver and intraobserver reliability. Results Ninety patients with a mean age of 39.40 years were included in the study. No significant compensation changes were noted within groups after the elimination of impingement. The functional scores showed no significant difference between groups (p(HOOS) = 0.352, p(mHHS) = 0.183, p(LEAS) = 0.865). The EQ‐5D revealed statistically better performance in usual activities in the compensatory group (p = 0.044). There are no significant between‐group differences in patients' satisfaction evaluations. Conclusion As assessed by Patient‐Reported Outcome Measures (PROMs), patients with compensatory pelvic tilt demonstrated similar clinical outcomes without extra adverse events to patients with normal pelvic positioning in short‐term follow‐ups. Furthermore, compensatory pelvic tilt did not significantly enhance the range of motion or functional outcome at short‐term follow‐ups.

Abstract This study presents a comprehensive review of networked micro‐grid (NMG) operations under the transactive energy paradigm. Specifically, we aimed to identify and analyze the key aspects of transactive NMG models, including operational scenarios, ownership models, transactive operation designs, prosumer behaviour, and business models. This is accompanied by a review of real‐world applications and analysis of current research trends. With several research gaps identified, this study provides different views on the challenges in mathematical modelling and real‐world deployment of NMG.

Abstract Ferroptosis is an iron‐dependent cell death process mainly triggered by reactive oxygen species (ROS) and lipid peroxidation. Thioredoxin domain protein 12 (TXNDC12) promotes the development of some tumors; however, its function in tumor ferroptosis remains unclear. In this study, we found that knockdown of TXNDC12 promoted erastin‐induced increase in ROS, lipid peroxidation, and Fe2+ levels, and decreased glutathione content. TXNDC12 is involved in ferroptosis by regulating SLC7A11. Further studies showed that TXNDC12 knockdown promoted an erastin‐induced decrease in glioma cell viability. Overall, TXNDC12 played a significant role in ferroptosis by modulating SLC7A11 expression. Thus, TXNDC12 and ferroptosis may provide new targets for the treatment of gliomas.

Abstract High‐performance convolutional neural networks (CNNs) stack many convolutional layers to obtain powerful feature extraction capability, which leads to huge storing and computational costs. The authors focus on lightweight models for hyperspectral image (HSI) classification, so a novel lightweight criss‐cross large kernel convolutional neural network (LiteCCLKNet) is proposed. Specifically, a lightweight module containing two 1D convolutions with self‐attention mechanisms in orthogonal directions is presented. By setting large kernels within the 1D convolutional layers, the proposed module can efficiently aggregate long‐range contextual features. In addition, the authors effectively obtain a global receptive field by stacking only two of the proposed modules. Compared with traditional lightweight CNNs, LiteCCLKNet reduces the number of parameters for easy deployment to resource‐limited platforms. Experimental results on three HSI datasets demonstrate that the proposed LiteCCLKNet outperforms the previous lightweight CNNs and has higher storage efficiency.

Objective The incidence of severe lower cervical fractures and dislocations due to trauma has increased significantly, and the optimal treatment remains controversial. This study compares the safety and efficacy of anterior cervical discectomy fusion (ACDF) combined with lateral mass screw (LMS) and with cervical pedicle screw (CPS) fixation surgery under O‐arm navigation as single‐stage treatments of severe lower cervical fracture dislocations. Methods Data from 48 patients who underwent ACDF + CPS (Group A) or ACDF + LMS (Group B) for severe lower cervical fracture dislocation between January 2016 and September 2020 were retrospectively reviewed. Groups A and B comprised 25 and 23 cases, respectively. Clinical parameters, such as operative time, intraoperative blood loss, number of fixed segments, posterior incision length, operative complications, and hospitalization days were recorded. Preoperatively and postoperatively, the sub‐axial injury classification (SLIC) score, the American Spinal Injury Association (ASIA) impairment scale, and the Japanese Orthopaedic Association (JOA) score were recorded and analyzed using Student's t‐test. Results The SLIC scores were 7.1 ± 1.2 and 7.5 ± 1.1, ASIA were 1.5 ± 0.6 and 1.2 ± 0.6, JOA score improvements were 3.2 ± 2.4 and 3.0 ± 2.1, operative times were 282.1 ± 91.7 and 266.5 ± 88.2 min, intraoperative blood losses were 437.8 ± 118.5 and 418.7 ± 104.2 mL, fixed segments were 2.8 ± 0.7 and 4.8 ± 1.1, and lengths of posterior incisions were 12.7 ± 2.8 and 13.8 ± 3.2 cm in Groups A and B, respectively. There was no significant difference between the two groups in the operative time, intraoperative blood loss, incision length, and postoperative recovery; however, group A had more fixed segments. At the final follow‐up, no intraoperative or postoperative complications directly caused by the implant were present. Throughout the follow‐up, all cases showed recovery and progressive improvement. Conclusion Both ACDF + LMS and ACDF + CPS under O‐arm navigation can safely and effectively restore cervical vertebral sequence, fully release spinal canal compression, and promote patients’ neurological recovery. Thus, both are effective treatments for severe lower cervical fracture dislocations. However, compared to LMS, CPS under O‐arm navigation has shorter fixed segments and induces less trauma.

Background Limb salvage surgery is the preferred treatment for most malignant bone tumors, but postoperative infection treatment is very challenging. Simultaneously controlling infection and solving bone defects are clinical treatment challenges. Case Presentation Here we describe a new technique for treating bone defect infection after bone tumor surgery. An 8‐year‐old patient suffered an incision infection after osteosarcoma resection and bone defect reconstruction. In response, we designed her a personalized, anatomically matched, antibiotic‐loaded, bone cement spacer mold using 3D printing technology. The patient's infection was cured, and limb salvage was successful. In follow‐up, the patient had returned to normal postoperative chemotherapy and was able to walk with the help of a cane. There was no obvious pain in the knee joint. At 3 months after operation, the range of motion of the knee joint was 0°–60°. Conclusion The 3D printing spacer mold is an effective solution for treating the infection with large bone defect.

Abstract In this paper, we develop an exhaustive numerical simulator for the dynamic visualization and behavior prediction of the tether‐net system during the whole space debris capture phases, including spread, contact, and close. First of all, to perform its geometrically nonlinear deformation, discrete different geometry theory is applied to model the mechanical response of a flexible net. Based on the discretization of the whole structure into multiple vertexes and lines, the internal force and associated Hession are derived in a closed form to solve a series of nonlinear dynamic equations of motion. The spread and deployment of a packaged net can be realized using this well‐established net solver. Next, a multidimensional incremental potential formulation is selected to achieve the intersection‐free boundary nonlinear contact and collision between the deformable net and rigid debris. Finally, for the closing mechanism analysis, a log‐like barrier functional is derived to achieve the nondeviation condition between the ring–rod linkage system. The C2 continuous log barrier functionals constructed for both the contact model and the linkage system are smooth and differentiable, and, therefore, the nonlinear net capture dynamic system can be efficiently solved through a fully implicit time integrator. Overall, as a demonstration, the whole capture process of a defunct satellite using a hexagon net is simulated through our well‐established numerical framework. We believe that our comprehensive numerical methods could provide new insight into the optimal design of active debris removal systems and promote further development of the online control of tether tugging systems.