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3. Relative effects of postnatal rapid growth and maternal factors on early childhood growth trajectories

Author

Zheng, Miaobing, Bowe, Steven J, Hesketh, Kylie D, Bolton, Kristy, Laws, Rachel, Kremer, Peter, Ong, Ken K, Lioret, Sandrine, Denney-Wilson, Elizabeth, Campbell, Karen J, Zheng, Miaobing [0000-0002-4151-3502], Ong, Ken K [0000-0003-4689-7530], and Apollo - University of Cambridge Repository

Subjects
Male, Pediatric Obesity, growth, Australia, Infant, Newborn, Infant, Nutritional Status, determinants, Nutrition Surveys, Body Height, Body Mass Index, maternal, trajectory, Child, Preschool, InFANT program, Humans, Female, Longitudinal Studies, Waist Circumference, Child Nutritional Physiological Phenomena, Infant Nutritional Physiological Phenomena
Abstract

BACKGROUND: A range of postnatal and maternal factors influences childhood obesity, but their relative importance remains unclear. This study aimed to assess the relative impact of postnatal rapid growth and maternal factors on early childhood growth trajectories. SUBJECTS: Secondary longitudinal analysis of pooled data from the Melbourne Infant Feeding Activity and Nutrition Trial (InFANT) Program and the InFANT Extend Program (n = 977) was performed. Children's height and weight were collected at birth, 3, 9, 18, and 36/42 months. Body mass index-for-age and height-for-age z-scores (BAZ, HAZ) were computed using WHO growth standards. Mixed-effect polynomial regression models were fitted to examine BAZ and HAZ trajectories and their determinants. RESULTS: Rapid growth from birth to 3 months, maternal country of birth, and pre-pregnancy BMI were each independently associated with BAZ from 3 to 42 months. Children with rapid growth, those whose mothers were Australian-born, and those whose mothers were overweight/obese pre-pregnancy had higher BAZ from 3 to 42 months. Children with rapid growth had an increase in HAZ growth, but their average HAZ from 3 to 42 months was smaller than children without rapid growth. Children of tall mothers (above average height) had higher HAZ than those of short mothers (below average height). Average HAZ from 3 to 42 months did not differ by maternal country of birth. CONCLUSION: Children who experienced rapid growth from birth to 3 months, whose mothers were Australian-born or whose mothers were overweight/obese pre-pregnancy demonstrated less favourable growth trajectories across early childhood, potentially predispose them for development of future obesity.

Published
2019
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18. "Drugs and alcohol get talked about, why not betting?" Young men's qualitative insights about strategies to prevent gambling harm.

Author

Nyemcsok C, Pitt H, Kremer P, and Thomas SL

Subjects
Adolescent, Humans, Male, Social Stigma, Qualitative Research, Public Health, Gambling prevention & control, Sports
Abstract

Issues Addressed: Research is needed to understand young people's perspectives about public health promotion strategies relevant for their health and wellbeing. This study provides suggestions from young male gamblers about sports betting harm prevention and reduction strategies., Methods: In-depth interviews were conducted with 16 young men aged 18 to 24 years, from Melbourne, Victoria, who regularly engaged in sports betting. A critical qualitative inquiry approach, using methods of constructivist grounded theory guided the study. Reflexive thematic analysis was used to interpret and construct themes from the data., Results: Participants indicated three main harm prevention strategies. These were online consumer protection and regulatory strategies, public education campaigns that highlighted sports betting risks and harms and the creation of formal and informal support networks to reduce stigma and encourage help seeking. They also supported being engaged in the development of harm prevention strategies and suggested ways to help reduce barriers to engagement., Conclusion: Young men recognise the need for regulatory, education and engagement responses to counter the risks posed by new gambling products. Young men may be difficult to engage in formal prevention activities, however, youth-led and informal interactive mechanisms may help to overcome this barrier, and contribute to a comprehensive public health approach to gambling harm prevention. SO WHAT?: Young men can draw upon their lived experiences of gambling to provide insights relevant for public health promotion. Mechanisms should be developed to engage young people in the co-production of strategies and policies aimed at gambling harm prevention and reduction., (© 2022 The Authors. Health Promotion Journal of Australia published by John Wiley & Sons Australia, Ltd on behalf of Australian Health Promotion Association.)

Published
2023
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