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27. Identification and characterization of homologues of vertebrate beta-thymosin in the marine mollusk Aplysia californica.

Author

Romanova EV, Roth MJ, Rubakhin SS, Jakubowski JA, Kelley WP, Kirk MD, Kelleher NL, and Sweedler JV

Subjects
Amino Acid Sequence, Animals, Aplysia genetics, Biological Assay, Cells, Cultured, Chromatography, High Pressure Liquid, Electrophysiology, Extracellular Fluid chemistry, Microelectrodes, Molecular Sequence Data, Nanotechnology, Neurites physiology, Neuronal Plasticity physiology, Spectrometry, Mass, Electrospray Ionization, Spectrometry, Mass, Matrix-Assisted Laser Desorption-Ionization, Thymosin analysis, Thymosin genetics, Tissue Extracts chemistry, Aplysia chemistry, Thymosin chemistry
Abstract

The beta-thymosins have been known as actin-sequestering proteins, but now are recognized as molecules with multiple and diverse intracellular and extracellular functions. Two closely related proteins, beta-thymosin(His) and beta-thymosin(Gln), have been de novo sequenced by top-down mass spectrometry in the common neurobiology model, Aplysia californica. As determined by nanoelectrospray quadrupole-enhanced Fourier-Transform mass spectrometry with collisionally activated and electron-capture dissociations, both of these Aplysia beta-thymosins are acetylated and differ by a single residue in the central actin-binding domain. Profiling of individual cells and tissue by matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization mass spectrometry reveals that these proteins are widely expressed in the Aplysia central nervous system, including in individual identified neurons, neuronal clusters, nerves and connective tissues. Newly identified beta-thymosin(His) and beta-thymosin(Gln) are also detected by mass spectrometry in hemolymph, and in releasates collected from whole ganglia. When applied exogenously, beta-thymosin proteins, purified from nerve cell extract, support the anchoring of neurons, and increase neurite sprouting and total neurite outgrowth in culture. These positive effects on neurite regeneration in cell culture suggest that the beta-thymosin proteins have an extracellular function in the central nervous system of Aplysia californica., (Copyright 2006 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.)

Published
2006
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