34 results on '"Jones, K. E."'
Search Results
2. Preliminary data on the effect of osseous anatomy onex vivojoint mobility in the equine thoracolumbar region
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Jones, K. E., primary
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- 2015
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3. Quantitative analysis of the influences of phylogeny and ecology on phocid and otariid pinniped (Mammalia; Carnivora) cranial morphology
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Jones, K. E., primary and Goswami, A., additional
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- 2010
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4. Is losing sleep making us obese?
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Jones, K. E., primary, Johnson, R. K., additional, and Harvey-Berino, J. R., additional
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- 2008
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5. Characteristics of Type 1 diabetes of over 50 years duration (the Golden Years Cohort)
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Bain, S. C., primary, Gill, G. V., additional, Dyer, P. H., additional, Jones, A. F., additional, Murphy, M., additional, Jones, K. E., additional, Smyth, C., additional, and Barnett, A. H., additional
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- 2003
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6. Dendritic L-type calcium currents in mouse spinal motoneurons: implications for bistability
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Carlin, K. P., primary, Jones, K. E., additional, Jiang, Z., additional, Jordan, L. M., additional, and Brownstone, R. M., additional
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- 2000
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7. Modeling the Lowering of Motoneuron Voltage Threshold during Fictive Locomotion
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DAI, Y., primary, JONES, K. E., additional, FEDIRCHUK, B. B., additional, KRAWITZ, S. S., additional, and JORDAN, L. M., additional
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- 1998
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8. An optimum body size for mammals? Comparative evidence from bats
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JONES, K. E., primary and PURVIS, A., additional
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- 1997
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9. Distribution and population densities of seven species of bat in northern England
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Jones, K. E., primary, Altringham, J. D., additional, and Deaton, R., additional
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- 1996
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10. A surrogate forelimb: Evolution, function and development of the avian cervical spine.
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Marek RD
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- Animals, Neck, Beak, Birds, Forelimb, Cervical Vertebrae
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The neck is a critical portion of the avian spine, one that works in tandem with the beak to act as a surrogate forelimb and allows birds to manipulate their surroundings despite the lack of a grasping capable hand. Birds display an incredible amount of diversity in neck morphology across multiple anatomical scales-from varying cervical counts down to intricate adaptations of individual vertebrae. Despite this morphofunctional disparity, little is known about the drivers of this enormous variation, nor how neck evolution has shaped avian macroevolution. To promote interest in this system, I review the development, function and evolution of the avian cervical spine. The musculoskeletal anatomy, basic kinematics and development of the avian neck are all documented, but focus primarily upon commercially available taxa. In addition, recent work has quantified the drivers of extant morphological variation across the avian neck, as well as patterns of integration between the neck and other skeletal elements. However, the evolutionary history of the avian cervical spine, and its contribution to the diversification and success of modern birds is currently unknown. Future work should aim to broaden our understanding of the cervical anatomy, development and kinematics to include a more diverse selection of extant birds, while also considering the macroevolutionary drivers and consequences of this important section of the avian spine., (© 2023 The Authors. Journal of Morphology published by Wiley Periodicals LLC.)
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- 2023
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11. Loaded insurance: A major injustice
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Jones, K E, primary and Gill, G V, additional
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- 1990
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12. New tools suggest a middle Jurassic origin for mammalian endothermy: Advances in state-of-the-art techniques uncover new insights on the evolutionary patterns of mammalian endothermy through time: Advances in state-of-the-art techniques uncover new insights on the evolutionary patterns of mammalian endothermy through time.
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Newham E, Gill PG, and Corfe IJ
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- Animals, Fossils, Phylogeny, Biological Evolution, Mammals physiology
- Abstract
We suggest that mammalian endothermy was established amongst Middle Jurassic crown mammals, through reviewing state-of-the-art fossil and living mammal studies. This is considerably later than the prevailing paradigm, and has important ramifications for the causes, pattern, and pace of physiological evolution amongst synapsids. Most hypotheses argue that selection for either enhanced aerobic activity, or thermoregulation was the primary driver for synapsid physiological evolution, based on a range of fossil characters that have been linked to endothermy. We argue that, rather than either alternative being the primary selective force for the entirety of endothermic evolution, these characters evolved quite independently through time, and across the mammal family tree, principally as a response to shifting environmental pressures and ecological opportunities. Our interpretations can be tested using closely linked proxies for both factors, derived from study of fossils of a range of Jurassic and Cretaceous mammaliaforms and early mammals., (© 2022 The Authors. BioEssays published by Wiley Periodicals LLC.)
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- 2022
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13. Reconstructive evolutionary morphology: Tracing the historical process of modifications of complex systems driven by natural selection through changing ecological conditions.
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Homberger DG
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- Animals, Phenotype, Ecosystem, Biological Evolution, Selection, Genetic
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There is general consensus among evolutionary biologists that natural selection drives phenotypic modifications within populations over generational time. How to reconstruct this historical process, however, has been discussed mostly in theoretical terms, and recommendations and explanations on how to translate such theoretical insights into practice are needed. The present study aims at providing a theory-supported practical guide on how to reconstruct historical evolutionary processes by applying a morphology-centered approach through a series of interdependent steps of descriptive morphology, functional analysis, ecological observation, integration of paleoecological data, and evolutionary synthesis. Special attention is given to the development of tests regarding the accuracy, closeness to reality, and plausibility of the hypotheses at every level of the reconstructive process. This morphology-centered approach had its beginnings in the wake of the evolutionary synthesis and is part of the scientifically necessary process of reciprocal testing of hypotheses generated by different methods and data for the reconstruction of evolutionary history., (© 2024 The Author(s). Journal of Morphology published by Wiley Periodicals LLC.)
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- 2024
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14. Causal effects of sedentary behaviours on the risk of migraine: A univariable and multivariable Mendelian randomization study.
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Li P, Li J, Zhu H, Sheng D, Xiao Z, Liu W, Xiao B, and Zhou L
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Background: Migraine is a common and burdensome neurological disorder. The causal relationship between sedentary behaviours (SBs) and migraine remains instinct. We aimed to evaluate the roles of SBs including watching TV, using computer and driving in the risk of migraine., Methods: We conducted a univariable and multivariable Mendelian randomization (MR) study based on summary datasets of large genome-wide association studies. The inverse variance weighted method was utilized as the primary analytical tool. Cochran's Q, MR-Egger intercept test, MR pleiotropy residual sum and outlier and leave-one-out were conducted as sensitivity analysis. Additionally, we performed a meta-analysis to combine the causal estimates., Results: In the discovery analysis, we identified causal associations between time spent watching TV and an increased risk of migraine (p = 0.015) and migraine without aura (MO) (p = 0.002). Such causalities with increasing risk of migraine (p = 0.005), and MO (p = 0.006) were further verified using summary datasets from another study in the replication analysis. There was no significant causal association found between time spent using computer, driving and migraine or its two subtypes. The meta-analysis and multivariable MR analysis also strongly supported the causal relationships between time spent watching TV and an increased risk of migraine (p = 0.0003 and p = 0.034), as well as MO (p < 0.0001 and p = 0.0004), respectively. These findings were robust under all sensitivity analysis., Conclusions: Our study suggested that time spent watching TV may be causally associated with an increased risk of migraine, particularly MO. Large-scale and well-designed cohort studies may be warranted for further validation., Significance Statement: This study represents the first attempt to investigate whether a causal relationship exists between SBs and migraine. Utilizing MR analysis helps mitigate reverse causation bias and confounding factors commonly encountered in observational cohorts, thereby enhancing the robustness of derived causal associations. Our MR analysis revealed that time spent watching TV may serve as a potential risk factor for migraine, particularly MO., (© 2024 European Pain Federation ‐ EFIC ®.)
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- 2024
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15. Curcumin as a natural potential drug candidate against important zoonotic viruses and prions: A narrative review.
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Azarkar S, Abedi M, Lavasani ASO, Ammameh AH, Goharipanah F, Baloochi K, Bakhshi H, and Jafari A
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- Animals, Humans, Zoonoses drug therapy, Zoonoses virology, SARS-CoV-2 drug effects, Prions drug effects, Influenza A virus drug effects, Dengue Virus drug effects, COVID-19 Drug Treatment, COVID-19 virology, Curcumin pharmacology, Antiviral Agents pharmacology
- Abstract
Zoonotic diseases are major public health concerns and undeniable threats to human health. Among Zoonotic diseases, zoonotic viruses and prions are much more difficult to eradicate, as they result in higher infections and mortality rates. Several investigations have shown curcumin, the active ingredient of turmeric, to have wide spectrum properties such as anti-microbial, anti-vascular, anti-inflammatory, anti-tumor, anti-neoplastic, anti-oxidant, and immune system modulator properties. In the present study, we performed a comprehensive review of existing in silico, in vitro, and in vivo evidence on the antiviral (54 important zoonotic viruses) and anti-prion properties of curcumin and curcuminoids in PubMed, Google Scholar, Science Direct, Scopus, and Web of Science databases. Database searches yielded 13,380 results, out of which 216 studies were eligible according to inclusion criteria. Of 216 studies, 135 (62.5%), 24 (11.1%), and 19 (8.8%) were conducted on the effect of curcumin and curcuminoids against SARS-CoV-2, Influenza A virus, and dengue virus, respectively. This review suggests curcumin and curcuminoids as promising therapeutic agents against a wide range of viral zoonoses by targeting different proteins and signaling pathways., (© 2024 John Wiley & Sons Ltd.)
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- 2024
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16. Effects and safety of resveratrol supplementation in older adults: A comprehensive systematic review.
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Yadegar S, Mohammadi F, Yadegar A, Mohammadi Naeini A, Ayati A, Milan N, Tayebi A, Seyedi SA, Nabipoorashrafi SA, Rabizadeh S, Esteghamati A, and Nakhjavani M
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- Humans, Aged, Exercise, Randomized Controlled Trials as Topic, Cognition drug effects, Resveratrol pharmacology, Dietary Supplements
- Abstract
Resveratrol (RSV) has garnered significant attention in recent years due to its potential benefits against chronic diseases. However, its effects and safety in older adults have not been comprehensively studied. This study aimed to determine the effects and safety of RSV supplementation in older adults. MEDLINE/PubMed, Scopus, and Web of Science databases were comprehensively searched for eligible studies. Studies were enrolled if they were randomized clinical trials and had incorporated RSV supplementation for older adults. Two independent authors conducted the literature search, and eligibility was determined according to the PICOS framework. Study details, intervention specifics, and relevant outcomes were collected during the data collection. The Cochrane RoB-2 tool was used to evaluate the risk of bias. This review included 10 studies. The combination of RSV and exercise improved exercise adaptation and muscle function in healthy older adults and physical performance and mobility measures in individuals with functional limitations. RSV showed potential neuroprotective effects in patients with Alzheimer's disease. In overweight individuals, RSV demonstrated a positive impact on cognitive function, but it increased some biomarkers of cardiovascular disease risk at high doses. In older adults with diabetes and those with peripheral artery disease (PAD), RSV was not more effective than placebo. No study reported significant adverse events following RSV treatment. RSV can improve various health parameters in age-related health conditions. However, the optimal dosage, long-term effects, and potential interactions with medications still need to be investigated through well-designed RCTs., (© 2024 John Wiley & Sons Ltd.)
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- 2024
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17. Health and care workers in long-term care facilities and their role in preventing emerging infectious diseases: A scoping review.
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Kung PJ, Fang CJ, Cheng YY, and Chen CM
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- Humans, Delivery of Health Care, Health Personnel, Long-Term Care, Communicable Diseases, Emerging prevention & control, Pandemics prevention & control
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Background: The COVID-19 pandemic has had a tremendous impact on healthcare systems worldwide. In particular, long-term care facilities have proved more susceptible to infection as they care for vulnerable populations at high risk of chronic illness. How this impacts the role and core competencies of health and care workers in these facilities remains less understood., Aim: Describe how health and care workers contribute to the prevention of emerging infectious diseases in long-term care facilities., Design: A scoping review., Methods: A systematic search of literature dating from 2002 to 2022 was conducted in the following databases: EMBASE, Medline (Ovid), Cochrane Library, CINAHL Plus with Full Text (EBSCOhost), Web of Science, and AgeLine. Studies were selected if they focused on health and care workers in long-term care facilities, offered a perspective on the prevention of emerging infectious diseases or infection prevention and control, and were original qualitative or quantitative studies in English. Data were extracted, cross-checked and analyzed by two researchers, and any difference in views regarding the appropriateness of literature would be resolved by consulting a third researcher. An inductive descriptive approach was applied for the analysis of results, and themes were established via consensus meetings., Results: A total of fourteen studies from Asia, Europe, and the Americas were included. Three themes emerged from the review: "The roles of health and care workers evolve with the times", "The core competencies of health and care workers are essential for preventing emerging infectious diseases in long-term care facilities" and "The key to successful prevention of emerging infectious diseases in long-term care facilities is through a systematic, comprehensive effort that mobilize health and care workers at all levels". Health and care workers had to take on increasingly complex roles and rely on their core competencies to cope with epidemic changes, and facility resources, employee quality and management models were found to have significantly improved infection prevention and control outcomes., Conclusions: The roles of health and care workers are evolving, and effective infection prevention within long-term care facilities depends on their ability to perform core competencies with skill and confidence. Moreover, a systematic, comprehensive framework, for which this paper proposes three guidelines, is urgently needed to ensure consistent policy implementation within the facility as well as support and access to resources for health and care workers., Clinical Relevance: Infection prevention efforts within long-term care facilities must take into account the evolving roles of health and care workers, with a focus on guaranteeing access to resources, training and support that will help them gain the core competencies necessary for juggling those roles. In addition, there is an urgent need for research instruments that will help assess those competencies and identify areas of improvement., (© 2023 Sigma Theta Tau International.)
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- 2024
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18. The longevity bottleneck hypothesis: Could dinosaurs have shaped ageing in present-day mammals?
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de Magalhães JP
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- Animals, Aging physiology, Mammals physiology, Reptiles, Biological Evolution, Dinosaurs physiology, Longevity
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The evolution and biodiversity of ageing have long fascinated scientists and the public alike. While mammals, including long-lived species such as humans, show a marked ageing process, some species of reptiles and amphibians exhibit very slow and even the absence of ageing phenotypes. How can reptiles and other vertebrates age slower than mammals? Herein, I propose that evolving during the rule of the dinosaurs left a lasting legacy in mammals. For over 100 million years when dinosaurs were the dominant predators, mammals were generally small, nocturnal, and short-lived. My hypothesis is that such a long evolutionary pressure on early mammals for rapid reproduction led to the loss or inactivation of genes and pathways associated with long life. I call this the 'longevity bottleneck hypothesis', which is further supported by the absence in mammals of regenerative traits. Although mammals, such as humans, can evolve long lifespans, they do so under constraints dating to the dinosaur era., (© 2023 The Authors. BioEssays published by Wiley Periodicals LLC.)
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- 2024
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19. Describing whisker morphology of the Carnivora.
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Dougill G, Brassey CA, Starostin EL, Andrews H, Kitchener A, van der Heijden GHM, Goss VGA, and Grant RA
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- Animals, Skull, Vibrissae anatomy & histology, Carnivora
- Abstract
One of the largest ecological transitions in carnivoran evolution was the shift from terrestrial to aquatic lifestyles, which has driven morphological diversity in skulls and other skeletal structures. In this paper, we investigate the association between those lifestyles and whisker morphology. However, comparing whisker morphology over a range of species is challenging since the number of whiskers and their positions on the mystacial pads vary between species. Also, each whisker will be at a different stage of growth and may have incurred damage due to wear and tear. Identifying a way to easily capture whisker morphology in a small number of whisker samples would be beneficial. Here, we describe individual and species variation in whisker morphology from two-dimensional scans in red fox, European otter and grey seal. A comparison of long, caudal whiskers shows inter-species differences most clearly. We go on to describe global whisker shape in 24 species of carnivorans, using linear approximations of curvature and taper, as well as traditional morphometric methods. We also qualitatively examine surface texture, or the presence of scales, using scanning electron micrographs. We show that gross whisker shape is highly conserved, with whisker curvature and taper obeying simple linear relationships with length. However, measures of whisker base radius, length, and maybe even curvature, can vary between species and substrate preferences. Specifically, the aquatic species in our sample have thicker, shorter whiskers that are smoother, with less scales present than those of terrestrial species. We suggest that these thicker whiskers may be stiffer and able to maintain their shape and position during underwater sensing, but being stiffer may also increase wear., (© 2023 The Authors. Journal of Morphology published by Wiley Periodicals LLC.)
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- 2023
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20. The role of geography, ecology, and hybridization in the evolutionary history of Canary Island Descurainia.
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Jackson AC, White OW, Carine M, and Chapman MA
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- Phylogeny, Spain, Bayes Theorem, Geography, Hybridization, Genetic
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Premise: Oceanic islands offer the opportunity to understand evolutionary processes underlying rapid diversification. Along with geographic isolation and ecological shifts, a growing body of genomic evidence has suggested that hybridization can play an important role in island evolution. Here we use genotyping-by-sequencing (GBS) to understand the roles of hybridization, ecology, and geographic isolation in the radiation of Canary Island Descurainia (Brassicaceae)., Methods: We carried out GBS for multiple individuals of all Canary Island species and two outgroups. Phylogenetic analyses of the GBS data were performed using both supermatrix and gene tree approaches and hybridization events were examined using D-statistics and Approximate Bayesian Computation. Climatic data were analyzed to examine the relationship between ecology and diversification., Results: Analysis of the supermatrix data set resulted in a fully resolved phylogeny. Species networks suggest a hybridization event has occurred for D. gilva, with these results being supported by Approximate Bayesian Computation analysis. Strong phylogenetic signals for temperature and precipitation indicate one major ecological shift within Canary Island Descurainia., Conclusions: Inter-island dispersal played a significant role in the diversification of Descurainia, with evidence of only one major shift in climate preferences. Despite weak reproductive barriers and the occurrence of hybrids, hybridization appears to have played only a limited role in the diversification of the group with a single instance detected. The results highlight the need to use phylogenetic network approaches that can simultaneously accommodate incomplete lineage sorting and gene flow when studying groups prone to hybridization; patterns that might otherwise be obscured in species trees., (© 2023 The Authors. American Journal of Botany published by Wiley Periodicals LLC on behalf of Botanical Society of America.)
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- 2023
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21. Effect of partially hydrolyzed guar gum on the composition and metabolic function of the intestinal flora of healthy mice.
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Liu T, Hu X, Chen P, Zhang R, Zhang S, Chang W, Wang J, and Wang S
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- Mice, Animals, Prebiotics, Galactans, Defecation, Gastrointestinal Microbiome
- Abstract
Partially hydrolyzed guar gum (PHGG), a water-soluble dietary fiber, has shown beneficial physiological effects in various disease models and is used as a prebiotic to regulate intestinal function. However, its role in healthy states remains unclear. The purpose of this study was to investigate the effects of PHGG on gut flora composition and predict metabolic function in healthy mice. Our study showed that PHGG supplementation had significant duration-dependent effects on the composition and function of the intestinal flora of healthy mice. In specific, although the long-term supplementation of PHGG may increase the abundance of some beneficial bacterial species and promote beneficial phenotypes, it may also cause increased body weight and decreased abundance and diversity of gut microorganisms. Therefore, the long-term use of PHGG as a nutritional product still requires further investigation. PRACTICAL APPLICATIONS: As the importance of the gut microbiota has become more widely recognized, interventions that modulate the microbiome and its interaction with the host have gained much attention. While the capability of some prebiotics has largely been shown to have many beneficial effects, the evidence leaves much desirable, and microbiota regulation is explored differently in healthy or diseased states. Currently, the scientific community and regulatory authorities are beginning to pay attention to these unregulated and over-the-counter products claiming to possess probiotic and prebiotic properties. Studies exploring the rationality of these prebiotics as nutraceuticals for use in health states are essential. This study focuses on the effects of PHGG, a prebiotic, on intestinal flora, metabolism, and function when used in a healthy state over a long period. It is helpful to have a clearer understanding of the effect of PHGG on intestinal flora and the possible mechanisms of action to exert effects, which are indicative for the future application of PHGG as a nutraceutical or therapeutic agent.., (© 2022 Wiley Periodicals LLC.)
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- 2022
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22. The glow of the night: The tapetum lucidum as a co-adaptation for the inverted retina.
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Vee S, Barclay G, and Lents NH
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- Animals, Photoreceptor Cells, Photoreceptor Cells, Vertebrate, Vertebrates, Choroid, Retina
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The vertebrate retina is said to be inverted because the photoreceptors are oriented in the posterior direction and are thus unable to maximize photodetection under conditions of low illumination. The tapetum lucidum is a photoreflective structure located posterior to the photoreceptors in the eyes of some fish and terrestrial animals. The tapetum reflects light forward, giving incident photons a "second chance" to collide with a photoreceptor, substantially enhancing retinal photosensitivity in dim light. Across vertebrates (and arthropods), there are a wide variety of tapeta that vary in structure, chemical composition, and even tissue architecture, indicating repeated convergent evolution. To date, the tapetum has not been observed in any cephalopod, however, which also possess a camera-like eye, but with the retinal photoreceptors oriented in the anterior direction. We therefore hypothesize that the tapetum lucidum is a compensatory adaptation for the suboptimal design of the inverted retina of vertebrates., (© 2022 Wiley Periodicals LLC.)
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- 2022
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23. Impact of different microwave treatments on food texture.
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Kutlu N, Pandiselvam R, Saka I, Kamiloglu A, Sahni P, and Kothakota A
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Electromagnetic waves are frequently used for food processing with commercial or domestic type microwave ovens at present. Microwaves cause molecular movement by the migration of ionic particles or rotation of dipolar particles. Considering the potential applications of microwave technique in food industry, it is seen that microwaves have many advantages such as saving time, better final product quality (more taste, color, and nutritional value), and rapid heat generation. Although microwave treatment used for food processing with developing technologies have a positive effect in terms of time, energy, or nutrient value, it is also very important to what extent they affect the textural properties of the food that they apply to. For this purpose, in this study, it has been investigated that the effects of commonly used microwave treatments such as drying, heating, baking, cooking, thawing, toasting, blanching, frying, and sterilization on the textural properties of food. In addition, this study has also covered the challenges of microwave treatments and future work. In conclusion, microwave treatments cause energy saving due to a short processing time. Therefore, it can be said that it affects the textural properties positively. However, it is important that the microwave processing conditions used are chosen appropriately for each food material., (© 2021 Wiley Periodicals LLC.)
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- 2022
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24. Dentin hardness differences across various mammalian taxa.
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Geissler E, McGraw WS, and Daegling DJ
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- Animals, Hardness, Phylogeny, Dentin, Molar
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Differences in dentin microstructure have been used as a tool for dietary reconstruction; however, the extent that diet is associated with this aspect of dental morphology has yet to be empirically tested. We conducted microhardness tests of mammalian dentin sections, hypothesizing that species with adaptations to particularly hard diets would have softer dentin, owing to a higher proportion of soft intertubular dentin. Species adapted to abrasive diets, in contrast, should have harder dentin, resulting from a higher proportion of hypermineralized peritubular dentin. We examined molar dentin hardness in ten mammalian taxa with durophagous diets, abrasive diets, and a comparative "control" group of mechanical generalists. Samples included six primate taxa and four non-primate species representing various dietary regimes. Our results reveal significant variation among taxa in overall hardness, but the data do not distinguish between hard and abrasive diets. Several taxa with generalized (i.e., mechanically diverse) diets resemble each other in exhibiting large variance in hardness measurements and comparably soft dentin. The high variation in these species appears to be either a functional signal supporting the niche variation hypothesis or indicate the absence of sustained unidirectional selective pressure. A possible phylogenetic signal of dentin hardness in the data also holds promise for future systematic investigations., (© 2021 Wiley Periodicals LLC.)
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- 2022
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25. High Occurrence of Chelonid Alphaherpesvirus 5 (ChHV5) in Green Sea Turtles Chelonia mydas with and without Fibropapillomatosis in Feeding Areas of the São Paulo Coast, Brazil.
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Zamana RR, Gattamorta MA, Cruz Ochoa PF, Navas-Suárez PE, Sacristán C, Rossi S, Grisi-Filho JHH, Silva IS, and Matushima ER
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- Animals, Brazil epidemiology, Skin, Herpesviridae Infections epidemiology, Herpesviridae Infections veterinary, Skin Neoplasms epidemiology, Skin Neoplasms veterinary, Turtles
- Abstract
Chelonid alphaherpesvirus 5 (ChHV5) has been consistently associated with fibropapillomatosis (FP), a neoplastic disease that affects sea turtles globally. The DNA of ChHV5 has been detected in cutaneous and noncutaneous tissues (e.g., lung) of green sea turtles Chelonia mydas with (FP+) and without (FP-) clinical signs of FP, indicating a persistent ChHV5 infection. Previously published and custom primer pairs were used to amplify the fragments of ChHV5 unique long (UL) partial genes (UL30 and UL18) through end-point PCR from cutaneous tumors (n = 31), nontumored skin (n = 49), and lungs (n = 26) from FP+ (n = 31) and FP- (n = 18) green sea turtles. The DNA of ChHV5 was detected in cutaneous tumors (80.6%, 25/31), nontumored skin (74.2%, 23/31 FP+; 27.8%, 5/18 FP-), and lung samples (91.7%, 11/12 FP+; 100%, 14/14 FP-). The high occurrence of ChHV5 observed in lung samples from FP- individuals was unexpected (14/14), providing the first evidence of ChHV5 DNA presence in lungs of individuals without FP. Our results also revealed high ChHV5 occurrence among the tested cohort (93.9%, 46/49) and suggested that a large proportion (83.4%, 15/18) of FP- green sea turtles had subclinical ChHV5 infections. Hence, our findings support the hypothesis that ChHV5 requires one or more possibly environmental or immune-related co-factors to induce FP., (© 2021 American Fisheries Society.)
- Published
- 2021
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26. Using target sequence capture to improve the phylogenetic resolution of a rapid radiation in New Zealand Veronica.
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Thomas AE, Igea J, Meudt HM, Albach DC, Lee WG, and Tanentzap AJ
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- Biological Evolution, Cell Nucleus, New Zealand, Phylogeny, Veronica
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Premise: Recent, rapid radiations present a challenge for phylogenetic reconstruction. Fast successive speciation events typically lead to low sequence divergence and poorly resolved relationships with standard phylogenetic markers. Target sequence capture of many independent nuclear loci has the potential to improve phylogenetic resolution for rapid radiations., Methods: Here we applied target sequence capture with 353 protein-coding genes (Angiosperms353 bait kit) to Veronica sect. Hebe (common name hebe) to determine its utility for improving the phylogenetic resolution of rapid radiations. Veronica section Hebe originated 5-10 million years ago in New Zealand, forming a monophyletic radiation of ca 130 extant species., Results: We obtained approximately 150 kbp of 353 protein-coding exons and an additional 200 kbp of flanking noncoding sequences for each of 77 hebe and two outgroup species. When comparing coding, noncoding, and combined data sets, we found that the latter provided the best overall phylogenetic resolution. While some deep nodes in the radiation remained unresolved, our phylogeny provided broad and often improved support for subclades identified by both morphology and standard markers in previous studies. Gene-tree discordance was nonetheless widespread, indicating that additional methods are needed to disentangle fully the history of the radiation., Conclusions: Phylogenomic target capture data sets both increase phylogenetic signal and deliver new insights into the complex evolutionary history of rapid radiations as compared with traditional markers. Improving methods to resolve remaining discordance among loci from target sequence capture is now important to facilitate the further study of rapid radiations., (© 2021 The Authors. American Journal of Botany published by Wiley Periodicals LLC on behalf of Botanical Society of America.)
- Published
- 2021
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27. The embryo of the silky shrew opossum, Caenolestes fuliginosus (Tomes, 1863): First description of the embryo of Paucituberculata.
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González B, Soria-Escobar AM, Rojas-Díaz V, Pustovrh MC, Salazar Monsalve L, and Rougier GW
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- Animals, Embryo, Mammalian cytology, Female, Mesonephros anatomy & histology, Mesonephros cytology, Mesonephros embryology, Organogenesis, Embryo, Mammalian anatomy & histology, Opossums embryology
- Abstract
The development of caenolestid marsupials (order Paucituberculata) is virtually unknown. We provide here the first description of Caenolestes fuliginosus embryos collected in the Colombian Central Andes. Our sample of four embryos comes from a single female caught during a fieldtrip at Río Blanco (Manizales, Caldas), in 2014. The sample was processed for macroscopic description using a Standard Event System and for histological descriptions (sectioning and staining). The grade of development of the lumbar flexure and coelomic closure differed between embryos, two of them being more advanced than the others (similar to McCrady's stages 30 and 29, respectively). The pericardial and peritoneal cavities were present, the hepatic anlage was organized in hepatic cords, the heart was in its final position, and the mesonephros was functional. Compared to other Neotropical marsupials, an early appearance of the frontonasal-maxillary fusion and the cervical growth (thickness) was observed; however, absorption of the pharyngeal arches into the body and lung development was delayed. Besides these differences, embryos were similar to equivalent stages in Didelphis virginiana and Monodelphis domestica. Previous proposals of litter size of four for C. fuliginosus are supported., (© 2020 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.)
- Published
- 2020
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28. Stevens' Handbook of Experimental Psychology and Cognitive Neuroscience, Methodology
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Eric-Jan Wagenmakers and Eric-Jan Wagenmakers
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- Cognitive neuroscience, Psychology, Experimental
- Abstract
V. Methodology: E. J. Wagenmakers (Volume Editor) Topics covered include methods and models in categorization; cultural consensus theory; network models for clinical psychology; response time modeling; analyzing neural time series data; models and methods for reinforcement learning; convergent methods of memory research; theories for discriminating signal from noise; bayesian cognitive modeling; mathematical modeling in cognition and cognitive neuroscience; the stop-signal paradigm; hypothesis testing and statistical inference; model comparison in psychology; fmri; neural recordings; open science; neural networks and neurocomputational modeling; serial versus parallel processing; methods in psychophysics.
- Published
- 2018
29. The Handbook of Evolutionary Psychology, Volume 1 : Foundation
- Author
-
David M. Buss and David M. Buss
- Subjects
- Human evolution, Evolutionary psychology
- Abstract
The indispensable reference tool for the groundbreaking science of evolutionary psychology Why is the mind designed the way it is? How does input from the environment interact with the mind to produce behavior? These are the big, unanswered questions that the field of evolutionary psychology seeks to explore. The Handbook of Evolutionary Psychology is the seminal work in this vibrant, quickly-developing new discipline. In this thorough revision and expansion, luminaries in the field provide an in-depth exploration of the foundations of evolutionary psychology and explain the new empirical discoveries and theoretical developments that continue at a breathtaking pace. Evolutionary psychologists posit that the mind has a specialized and complex structure, just as the body has a specialized and complex structure. From this important theoretical concept arises the vast array of possibilities that are at the core of the field, which seeks to examine such traits as perception, language, and memory from an evolutionary perspective. This examination is intended to determine the human psychological traits that are the products of sexual and natural selection and, as such, to chart and understand human nature. Join the discussion of the big questions addressed by the burgeoning field of evolutionary psychology Explore the foundations of evolutionary psychology, from theory and methods to the thoughts of EP critics Discover the psychology of human survival, mating, parenting, cooperation and conflict, culture, and more Identify how evolutionary psychology is interwoven with other academic subjects and traditional psychological disciplines The Handbook of Evolutionary Psychology is the definitive guide for every psychologist and student interested in keeping abreast of new ideas in this quickly-developing field.
- Published
- 2016
30. The Functions, Disease-Related Dysfunctions, and Therapeutic Targeting of Neuronal Mitochondria
- Author
-
J. Marie Hardwick, Valentin K. Gribkoff, Elizabeth A. Jonas, J. Marie Hardwick, Valentin K. Gribkoff, and Elizabeth A. Jonas
- Subjects
- Mitochondrial pathology, Mitochondria--Formation, Nervous system--Diseases--Treatment
- Abstract
This book presents advances in the field of neuronal mitochondria – functions, relation to therapeutics, and pharmacology. For scientists and researchers in both industry and academia, this book provides detailed discussion, examples, and approaches, to illustrate the potential of mitochondria as therapeutic targets for neuronal diseases.• Helps readers understand the regulation of mitochondrial cellular processes, such as substrate metabolism, energy production, and programmed versus sporadic cell death• Offers insights on the development of strategies for targeted therapeutic approaches and potential personalized treatments• Includes examples of mitochondrial drugs, development, and mitochondria-targeted approaches for more efficient treatment methods and further developments in the field• Covers the model systems and approaches needed for the development of new drugs for the central nervous system to provide potential modern therapeutics for neurodegenerative disorders
- Published
- 2015
31. Clinical Interviewing
- Author
-
John Sommers-Flanagan, Rita Sommers-Flanagan, John Sommers-Flanagan, and Rita Sommers-Flanagan
- Subjects
- Medical personnel and patient, Cultural competence, Interviewing in mental health, Interviewing in psychiatry
- Abstract
Praise for Clinical Interviewing, Fifth Edition'For students wanting to learn about the assessment and interviewing process, this book offers a comprehensive approach to putting skills and knowledge into action.'—Marianne Schneider Corey, MA, Licensed Marriage and Family Therapist, Consultant Gerald Corey, EdD, ABPP, Diplomate in Counseling Psychology; Professor Emeritus of Human Services and Counseling, California State University, Fullerton; coauthors of I Never Knew I Had a Choice'Clinical Interviewing, Fifth Edition is a'must-read'for all beginning therapists and supervisors and, I would add, even seasoned psychotherapists will find important new ideas for improving their work!'—Pamela A. Hays, PhD, author, Addressing Cultural Complexities in Practice: Assessment, Diagnosis, and Therapy and Connecting Across Cultures: The Helper's Toolkit'Replete with relevant clinical examples, helpful how-to hints, as well as pearls of clinical wisdom, this comprehensive yet accessible text is highly recommended.'—Victor Yalom, PhD, founder and CEO, Psychotherapy.net The classic guide to proven, practical strategies for conducting effective interviews Now in its fifth edition, Clinical Interviewing guides clinicians through elementary listening and counseling skills onward to more advanced, complex clinical assessment processes such as intake interviewing, mental status examination, and suicide assessment. Featuring an accompanying DVD with real-life scenarios of actual counselors and clients demonstrating techniques for effective interviews, the new edition presents: DSM-5 content emphasizing case formulation and treatment planning A greater emphasis on collaborative goal setting and the client as expert New discussion on multicultural counseling, orientation, and competency Research supporting evidence-based relationships Non-face-to-face assessment and interviewing via email, telephone, texting, instant messaging, and online chatting Structured protocol for conducting a face-to-face, telephone, or video conferencing/Skype mental status examination interview
- Published
- 2014
32. Analyzing and Modeling Spatial and Temporal Dynamics of Infectious Diseases
- Author
-
Dongmei Chen, Bernard Moulin, Jianhong Wu, Dongmei Chen, Bernard Moulin, and Jianhong Wu
- Subjects
- Computer simulation, Communicable diseases--Mathematical models, Digital computer simulation
- Abstract
Features modern research and methodology on the spread of infectious diseases and showcases a broad range of multi-disciplinary and state-of-the-art techniques on geo-simulation, geo-visualization, remote sensing, metapopulation modeling, cloud computing, and pattern analysisGiven the ongoing risk of infectious diseases worldwide, it is crucial to develop appropriate analysis methods, models, and tools to assess and predict the spread of disease and evaluate the risk. Analyzing and Modeling Spatial and Temporal Dynamics of Infectious Diseases features mathematical and spatial modeling approaches that integrate applications from various fields such as geo-computation and simulation, spatial analytics, mathematics, statistics, epidemiology, and health policy. In addition, the book captures the latest advances in the use of geographic information system (GIS), global positioning system (GPS), and other location-based technologies in the spatial and temporal study of infectious diseases.Highlighting the current practices and methodology via various infectious disease studies, Analyzing and Modeling Spatial and Temporal Dynamics of Infectious Diseases features: Approaches to better use infectious disease data collected from various sources for analysis and modeling purposes Examples of disease spreading dynamics, including West Nile virus, bird flu, Lyme disease, pandemic influenza (H1N1), and schistosomiasis Modern techniques such as Smartphone use in spatio-temporal usage data, cloud computing-enabled cluster detection, and communicable disease geo-simulation based on human mobility An overview of different mathematical, statistical, spatial modeling, and geo-simulation techniques Analyzing and Modeling Spatial and Temporal Dynamics of Infectious Diseases is an excellent resource for researchers and scientists who use, manage, or analyze infectious disease data, need to learn various traditional and advanced analytical methods and modeling techniques, and become aware of different issues and challenges related to infectious disease modeling and simulation. The book is also a useful textbook and/or supplement for upper-undergraduate and graduate-level courses in bioinformatics, biostatistics, public health and policy, and epidemiology.
- Published
- 2014
33. Greene's Protective Groups in Organic Synthesis
- Author
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Peter G. M. Wuts and Peter G. M. Wuts
- Subjects
- Organic compounds--Synthesis, Protective groups (Chemistry)
- Abstract
An indispensable reference for any practicing synthetic organic or medicinal chemist, this book continues the tradition of Greene's as comprehensive in the overall scope of coverage, providing the most relevant and useful examples to illustrate each methodology. • Presents valuable material, on the application of protective groups in organic chemistry, that is not easily found by casual searching • Helps chemists to plan, investigate, and carry out organic syntheses in an efficient manner • Adds over 2800 new references to update since the publication of the last edition • Reviews of the prior edition:'An essential bible for the library or personal bookshelf of chemists performing complex synthesis.'(CHOICE, May 2007)'...the most up-to-date compilation available...should be an integral part of all institutional libraries...it is also highly recommended that individuals...maintain their own copy...'(Journal of Medicinal Chemistry, March 8, 2007)'...continues to be a comprehensive guide to the techniques for the formation and cleavage of protective groups.'(Journal of the American Chemical Society, January 31, 2007)
- Published
- 2014
34. No More Fatigue : Why You're So Tired and What You Can Do About It
- Author
-
Challem, Jack and Challem, Jack
- Subjects
- Fatigue--Popular works, Chronic fatigue syndrome--Popular works
- Abstract
'A complete program to overcome a new epidemic-The Fatigue Syndrome Do you feel exhausted, rundown, and stressed-out all the time? Do you have trouble sleeping well at night and wake up feeling exhausted? More and more of us have these problems. In this groundbreaking new book, bestselling Inflammation Syndrome author Jack Challem tackles a new kind of syndrome tied to nutrition, adrenal fatigue, and thyroid problems. Challem explains what the Fatigue Syndrome is and spells out how the Five Circles of Fatigue contribute to it. Then he shares his comprehensive plan that combines nutrition, physical activity, and sleep solutions to help you combat fatigue and feel better. This energy-boosting book Uncovers the role that eating habits, hormones, illness, aging, and other factors play in fatigue Discusses the growing problems of adrenal fatigue and low thyroid hormone Presents a complete nutrition and lifestyle program to conquer fatigue and re-energize your body and life Includes energy-enhancing recipes and meal plans to help you combat fatigue and stress With No More Fatigue, you will rediscover the joy of feeling well rested, re-energized, and ready to take charge of your health and your life.--
- Published
- 2011
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