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Abstract The effectiveness of dual‐doping as a method of improving the conductivity of sulfide solid electrolytes (SEs) is not in doubt; however, the atomic‐level mechanisms underpinning these enhancements remain elusive. In this study, we investigate the atomic mechanisms associated with the high ionic conductivity of the Li7P3S11 (LPS) SE and its response to Ag/Cl dual dopants. Synthesis and electrochemical characterizations show that the 0.2 M AgCl‐doped LPS (Li6.8P3Ag0.1S10.9Cl0.1) exhibited an over 80% improvement in ionic conductivity compared with the undoped LPS. The atomic‐level structures responsible for the enhanced conductivity were generated by a set of experiment and simulation techniques: synchrotron X‐ray diffractometry, Rietveld refinement, density functional theory, and artificial neural network‐based molecular dynamics simulations. This thorough characterization highlights the role of dual dopants in altering the structure and ionic conductivity. We found that the PS4 and P2S7 structural motifs of LPS undergo transformation into various PSx substructures. These changes in the substructures, in conjunction with the paddle‐wheel effect, enable rapid Li migration. The dopant atoms serve to enhance the flexibility of PS4–P2S7 polyhedral frameworks, consequently enhancing the ionic conductivity. Our study elucidates a clear structure–conductivity relationship for the dual‐doped LPS, providing a fundamental guideline for the development of sulfide SEs with superior conductivity.

ABSTRACT Background It is well known that the T10–T11 intervertebral disc space is usually narrower than the adjacent intervertebral disc spaces in most dogs. However, whether the T10–T11 disc space is narrower than the adjacent disc spaces is not well‐established in cats. Objectives To measure the intervertebral disc space width of the T10–T11 disc space and to compare it with that of the adjacent disc spaces using radiography and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI). Methods In Groups 1 (101 clinically normal cats) and 2 (32 cats without spinal diseases from T8 to T13), dorsal width (DW), central width (CW) and ventral width (VW) of the T8–T13 disc spaces were measured by radiography or MRI. Significant differences of the DW, CW and VW among disc spaces measured by radiography and MRI were evaluated. Intra‐ and interobserver reliabilities were measured by intraclass correlation coefficient. Results In Groups 1 and 2 using radiography, the DW and CW of the T10–T11 disc space were significantly narrower than those of adjacent disc spaces (p

Abstract Enhancing the ionic conductivity of sulfide solid electrolytes (SEs) through dual‐doping is a well‐established approach, yet the atomic‐level mechanisms driving these improvements remain elusive. By dual‐doping Ge and Cl into the Li10GeP2S12 (LGPS) framework, we synthesized Ge/Cl‐doped LGPS (Li10+xGe1+2xP2−2xS12−xClx, x = 0.3) with an ionic conductivity of 12.4 mS/cm at 25°C, a value that stands among the highest for LGPS‐type SEs. This achievement emphasizes the pivotal role of dopant selection in modulating Li‐ion transport mechanisms, thereby enhancing SE performance. Our research elucidates the intricate atomic mechanisms responsible for this enhanced ionic conductivity, with a particular focus on the synergistic effects of Ge and Cl dual‐doping. Integrating advanced multianalytical techniques, including experiments and atomistic modeling (machine‐learning‐assisted molecular dynamics simulations and density functional theory calculations), we provide comprehensive insights into the structure–property relationship in Ge/Cl‐doped LGPS SEs. Our findings reveal that Cl doping significantly enhances the paddle‐wheel dynamics, while Ge doping promotes cooperative Li diffusion through the formation of Li interstitials. This dual‐doping approach not only elucidates the structural and functional dynamics of SEs but also paves the way for designing dopants to enhance ionic conductivity. The insights gained from this study offer a strategic direction for developing higher‐performance SEs, highlighting the importance of tailored dopant selection in advancing energy storage technologies.

Abstract Alzheimer's disease (AD) is the most frequent neurodegenerative disorder in the elderly aged over 65. The extracellular accumulation of beta‐amyloid (Aβ) aggregates in the brain is considered as the major event worsening the AD symptoms, but its underlying reason has remained unclear. Here the piezoelectric characteristics of Aβ aggregates are revealed. The vector piezoresponse force microscopy (PFM) analysis results exhibit that Aβ fibrils have spiraling piezoelectric domains along the length and a lateral piezoelectric constant of 44.1 pC N‐1. Also, the continuous sideband Kelvin probe force microscopy (KPFM) images display that the increment of charge‐induced surface potential on a single Aβ fibril is allowed to reach above +1700 mV in response to applied forces. These findings shed light on the peculiar mechano‐electrical surface properties of pathological Aβ fibrils that exceed those of normal body components.

Abstract Wireless energy transfer (WET) based on ultrasound‐driven generators with enormous beneficial functions, is technologically in progress by the valuation of ultrasonic metamaterials (UMMs) in science and engineering domains. Indeed, novel metamaterial structures can develop the efficiency of mechanical and physical features of ultrasound energy receivers (US‐ETs), including ultrasound‐driven piezoelectric and triboelectric nanogenerators (US‐PENGs and US‐TENGs) for advantageous applications. This review article first summarizes the fundamentals, classification, and design engineering of UMMs after introducing ultrasound energy for WET technology. In addition to addressing using UMMs, the topical progress of innovative UMMs in US‐ETs is conceptually presented. Moreover, the advanced approaches of metamaterials are reported in the categorized applications of US‐PENGs and US‐TENGs. Finally, some current perspectives and encounters of UMMs in US‐ETs are offered. With this objective in mind, this review explores the potential revolution of reliable integrated energy transfer systems through the transformation of metamaterials into ultrasound‐driven active mediums for generators.

Abstract Herein, we have designed a highly active and robust trifunctional electrocatalyst derived from Prussian blue analogs, where Co4N nanoparticles are encapsulated by Fe embedded in N‐doped carbon nanocubes to synthesize hierarchically structured Co4N@Fe/N–C for rechargeable zinc–air batteries and overall water‐splitting electrolyzers. As confirmed by theoretical and experimental results, the high intrinsic oxygen reduction reaction, oxygen evolution reaction, and hydrogen evolution reaction activities of Co4N@Fe/N–C were attributed to the formation of the heterointerface and the modulated local electronic structure. Moreover, Co4N@Fe/N–C induced improvement in these trifunctional electrocatalytic activities owing to the hierarchical hollow nanocube structure, uniform distribution of Co4N, and conductive encapsulation by Fe/N–C. Thus, the rechargeable zinc–air battery with Co4N@Fe/N–C delivers a high specific capacity of 789.9 mAh g−1 and stable voltage profiles over 500 cycles. Furthermore, the overall water electrolyzer with Co4N@Fe/N–C achieved better durability and rate performance than that with the Pt/C and IrO2 catalysts, delivering a high Faradaic efficiency of 96.4%. Along with the great potential of the integrated water electrolyzer powered by a zinc–air battery for practical applications, therefore, the mechanistic understanding and active site identification provide valuable insights into the rational design of advanced multifunctional electrocatalysts for energy storage and conversion.

Robotic arms are now commonplace in diverse settings and are poised to play a crucial role in automating laboratory tasks. However, biological experiments remain challenging for automation due to their dependence on human factors, such as researchers’ skills and experience. This article introduces robotic automation and remote control for both general and biological research tasks through a modularized platform comprising a robotic arm, auxiliary tools, and software. This platform facilitates fully automated or remote execution of key experiments in chemistry and biology, including liquid handling, mixing, cell seeding, culturing, and genetic manipulation. The robot interfaces seamlessly with standard laboratory equipment and operates remotely in real time through an online program. Integration of a vision system via robotic arm webcams ensures precise positioning and object localization, enhancing accuracy. This modularized robotic platform signifies a substantial advancement in lab automation, promising enhanced efficiency, reproducibility, and scientific progress compared to human‐led experiments.

Abstract Background As the outcome of immunotherapy can be improved when concurrently or sequentially combined with cytotoxic chemotherapy or radiotherapy, we investigated the efficacy of immunotherapy maintenance following platinum‐based chemotherapy in epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR)‐mutant non‐small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) after EGFR‐tyrosine kinase inhibitor (EGFR‐TKI) failure. Methods In this prospective, open‐label, single arm phase 2 trial, we enrolled patients aged 18 years or older with EGFR‐mutant NSCLC, which progressed after first‐ or second‐line EGFR‐TKI. Patients received platinum‐based chemotherapy followed by nivolumab maintenance therapy. They were intravenously administered 240 mg of nivolumab every 2 weeks for 3 months followed by 480 mg every 4 weeks until disease progression or unacceptable toxic effects occurred. The primary endpoint was progression‐free survival (PFS). Secondary outcomes were overall survival (OS) and incidence of grade 3–4 treatment‐related adverse events (AEs). Results We enrolled 26 patients between May 2020 and July 2021. The median PFS was 1.7 months (95% CI: 0.401–2.999 months). The median OS was 21.4 months (95% CI: 18.790–24.010 months) with 6‐ and 12‐month OS rates of 96.2% and 76.9%, respectively. The objective response rate was 7.7% (2/26) and disease control rate, 11.5% (3/26). The tumor mutational burden by next‐generation sequencing in blood was not related to the treatment outcomes. Grade 3–4 treatment‐related AEs occurred in four (15.4%) patients; the most frequent AE was increased alanine aminotransferase (7.7%). Conclusion Nivolumab maintenance following platinum‐based chemotherapy did not show clinical benefits after EGFR‐TKI failure in patients with EGFR‐mutant NSCLC.

Abstract The industrial potential of Saccharomyces cerevisiae has extended beyond its traditional use in fermentation to various applications, including recombinant protein production. Herein, comparative genomics was performed with three industrial S. cerevisiae strains and revealed a heterozygous diploid genome for the 98‐5 and KSD‐YC strains (exploited for rice wine fermentation) and a haploid genome for strain Y2805 (used for recombinant protein production). Phylogenomic analysis indicated that Y2805 was closely associated with the reference strain S288C, whereas KSD‐YC and 98‐5 were grouped with Asian and European wine strains, respectively. Particularly, a single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) in FDC1, involved in the biosynthesis of 4‐vinylguaiacol (4‐VG, a phenolic compound with a clove‐like aroma), was found in KSD‐YC, consistent with its lack of 4‐VG production. Phenotype microarray (PM) analysis showed that KSD‐YC and 98‐5 displayed broader substrate utilization than S288C and Y2805. The SNPs detected by genome comparison were mapped to the genes responsible for the observed phenotypic differences. In addition, detailed information on the structural organization of Y2805 selection markers was validated by Sanger sequencing. Integrated genomics and PM analysis elucidated the evolutionary history and genetic diversity of industrial S. cerevisiae strains, providing a platform to improve fermentation processes and genetic manipulation.

Abstract Background Thymic epithelial tumors (TET) are rare malignancies and lack well‐defined biomarkers for neoadjuvant therapy. This study aimed to evaluate the clinical utility of artificial intelligence (AI)‐powered tumor‐infiltrating lymphocyte (TIL) analysis in TET. Methods Patients initially diagnosed with unresectable thymoma or thymic carcinoma who underwent neoadjuvant therapy between January 2004 and December 2021 formed our study population. Hematoxylin and eosin‐stained sections from the initial biopsy and surgery were analyzed using an AI‐powered spatial TIL analyzer. Intratumoral TIL (iTIL) and stromal TIL (sTIL) were quantified and their immune phenotype (IP) was identified. Results Thirty‐five patients were included in this study. The proportion of patients with partial response to neoadjuvant therapy was higher in the group with nondesert IP in preneoadjuvant biopsy (63.6% vs. 17.6%, p = 0.038). A significant increase in both iTIL (median 22.18/mm2 vs. 340.69/mm2, p 147/mm2) exhibited longer disease‐free survival (median, 29 months vs. 12 months, p = 0.009) and overall survival (OS) (median, 62 months vs. 45 months, p = 0.002). Patients with higher sTIL (>232.1/mm2) exhibited longer OS (median 62 months vs. 30 months, p = 0.021). Conclusions Nondesert IP in initial biopsy was associated with a better response to neoadjuvant therapy. Increased infiltration of both iTIL and sTIL in surgical specimens were associated with longer OS in patients with TET who underwent resection followed by neoadjuvant therapy.

Abstract Aim This study aims to investigate the effect and methods of cryotherapy in reducing swelling after total knee arthroplasty. Design Systematic review. Methods We searched PubMed, Embase, CINAHL, Cochrane Library, KoreaMed, KERIS and National Science Digital Library for randomized controlled trials on 19 August 2021. This systematic review was conducted according to the PRISMA 2009 checklist. Results A total of eight randomized controlled trials were systematically reviewed to determine the effect and methods of cryotherapy on reducing postoperative swelling. The effects were not significantly different in six studies. Application time per cryotherapy session was 10–20 min when using an ice pack and up to 48 h when using an automated device. The duration ranged from 2 days to 1 week or until discharge, and the frequency varied from 2 to 72 times per day.

Abstract This study shows that geostationary satellites are critical to estimate the accurate cloud feedback strength over the tropical western Pacific (TWP). Cloud feedback strength was calculated by the simultaneous relation between cloud cover and sea surface temperature (SST) over the TWP [120°E–170°E, 20°S–20°N]. During 2011–2018, the cloud cover was obtained by geostationary earth orbit satellite (GEO) and low‐level earth orbit satellite (LEO) (AGEO, ALEO), and the NOAA's all‐sky SST (To) was weighted with the clear‐sky fraction observed by GEO and LEO (TwGEO; TwLEO). The linear regression coefficients between clouds and SST are very different: −7.93%K−1 (AGEO/TwGEO), −6.94%K−1 (ALEO/TwGEO), −1.35%K−1 (AGEO/TwLEO), −0.69%K−1 (ALEO/TwLEO), −0.02 %K−1 (AGEO/To), and −0.50 %K−1 (ALEO/To). Among these, only the TwGEO values provided a valid cloud feedback signal. This is because GEO's field of view is large enough to simultaneously capture cloud cover over the entire TWP.

Abstract Background Patients with cancer undergoing chemotherapy experience cachexia with anorexia, body weight loss, and the depletion of skeletal muscles and adipose tissues. Effective treatment strategies for chemotherapy‐induced cachexia are scarce. The growth differentiation factor 15 (GDF15)/GDNF family receptor alpha‐like (GFRAL)/rearranged during transfection (RET) axis is a critical signalling pathway in chemotherapy‐induced cachexia. In this study, we developed a fully human GFRAL antagonist antibody and investigated whether it inhibits the GDF15/GFRAL/RET axis, thereby alleviating chemotherapy‐induced cachexia in tumour‐bearing mice. Methods Anti‐GFRAL antibodies were selected via biopanning, using a human combinatorial antibody phage library. The potent GFRAL antagonist antibody A11 was selected via a reporter cell assay and its inhibitory activity of GDF15‐induced signalling was evaluated using western blotting. To investigate the in vivo function of A11, a tumour‐bearing mouse model was established by inoculating 8‐week‐old male C57BL/6 mice with B16F10 cells (n = 10–16 mice per group). A11 was administered subcutaneously (10 mg/kg) 1 day before intraperitoneal treatment with cisplatin (10 mg/kg). Animals were assessed for changes in food intake, body weight, and tumour volume. Plasma and key metabolic tissues such as skeletal muscles and adipose tissues were collected for protein and mRNA expression analysis. Results A11 reduced serum response element‐luciferase reporter activity up to 74% (P

Abstract Objective Self‐limited infantile epilepsy (SeLIE) has distinctive clinical features, and the PRRT2 gene is known to be a considerable genetic cause. There have been a few studies on PRRT2‐positive SeLIE only, and anti‐seizure medications are often required due to frequent seizures at initial seizure onset. This study aimed to provide clinical information for the early recognition of patients with PRRT2‐positive SeLIE and to propose effective anti‐seizure medications for seizure control. Methods We retrospectively reviewed 36 patients diagnosed with SeLIE with genetically confirmed pathogenic variants of PRRT2. In addition, six atypical cases with neonatal‐onset seizures and unremitting after 3 years of age were included to understand the expanded clinical spectrum of PRRT2‐related epilepsy. We analyzed the initial presentation, clinical course, and seizure control response to anti‐seizure medications. Results Patients with PRRT2‐related epilepsy had characteristic seizure semiology at the initial presentation, including all afebrile, clustered (n = 23, 63.9%), short‐duration (n = 33, 91.7%), and bilateral tonic–clonic seizures (n = 26, 72.2%). Genetic analysis revealed that c. 649dupC was the most common variant, and six patients had a 16p11.2 microdeletion containing the PRRT2 gene. One‐third of the patients were sporadic cases without a family history of epilepsy or paroxysmal movement disorders. In the 33 patients treated with anti‐seizure medications, sodium channel blockers, such as carbamazepine, were the most effective in seizure control. Significance Our results delineated the clinical characteristics of PRRT2‐positive SeLIE, differentiating it from other genetic infantile epilepsies and discovered the effective anti‐seizure medications for initial clustered seizure control. If afebrile bilateral tonic–clonic seizures develop in a normally developed infant as a clustered pattern, PRRT2‐positive SeLIE should be considered as a possible diagnosis, and sodium channel blockers should be administered as the first medication for seizure control.

Abstract Aim Post‐embolization syndrome is a common adverse event following trans‐arterial chemoembolization, which negatively impacts the daily life of the patients involved. This study examined whether perceptions around post‐embolization syndrome and symptom interference among nurses affect their comfort care performance toward patients who have undergone this procedure. Design A descriptive cross‐sectional study. Methods One hundred and fifty registered nurses were surveyed from September to November 2020. Perceived post‐embolization syndrome, symptom interference, and comfort care (including physical, psychospiritual, sociocultural, and environmental dimensions) were measured. Data were analyzed using t‐tests, analysis of variance, Pearson's correlation, and a multivariate analysis of variance. Results There were no individual effects found of perceived post‐embolization syndrome or symptom interference on nurses' comfort care performance. However, statistically significant interaction effects were found in terms of their sociocultural and environmental care. Conclusion Nurses who recognized both high post‐embolization syndrome and symptom interference among their patients were found to provide greater sociocultural and environmental care. As such, nurses should improve their early symptom and symptom interference detection protocols based on current care guidelines and provide physical, psychospiritual, sociocultural, and environmental comfort care.

Abstract Aims Increased red cell distribution width (RDW) is a poor prognostic factor in patients with heart failure (HF). However, only a few large‐scale studies have identified the clinical utility of RDW after adjusting for covariates affecting RDW. Methods and results From January 2010 to April 2021, we retrospectively enrolled patients diagnosed with HF from three referral hospitals with available RDW data (taken within 3 months of HF diagnosis) using an integrated clinical data system. Patients with an ejection fraction (EF)

Abstract This paper presents an asynchronous SAR ADC featuring a self‐timed track‐and‐hold (STH) architecture. The design aims to address the common timing issue of divider‐based clock generation, where the fixed‐time track‐and‐hold (FTH) period often results in incomplete conversions due to prolonged conversion times time due to comparator metastability. To alleviate the degradation of the ENOB induced by these delays, the proposed STH method is introduced so that more conversion period is secured without requiring a high‐speed input clock. Based on measurements, the proposed STH method achieves up to 0.7 bit improvement over the conventional FTH approach as conversion time increases.

Abstract Menopause is associated with vascular dysfunction attributed to reduced estrogen levels. Exercise has been proposed to promote angiogenesis and vascular dysfunction. However, studies of brain angiogenesis during menopause are limited. We analyzed the effects of exercise on angiogenesis‐related factors in menopausal rat model. Twenty‐week‐old female Sprague–Dawley rats (N = 18) were randomly divided into a normal control group (N, n = 6), an ovariectomized control group (OVX, n = 6), and an ovariectomy + exercise group (OVX‐EX, n = 6). Treadmill exercises were conducted in the OVX‐EX group for 8 weeks (15–60 m/min, 1 h/day, and 5 days/week). The current study showed that the expression of angiogenesis‐related factors (platelet‐derived growth factor subunit A, B, vascular endothelial growth factor, angiopoietin 1, and angiopoietin 2) significantly decreased in the cortex of the OVX group. However, these factors were significantly restored in the cortex of the OVX‐EX group after 8 weeks of treadmill exercise. In summary, estrogen deficiency causes vascular dysfunction by inhibiting the expression of angiogenesis‐related factors. However, exercise can restore angiogenesis‐related factors in OVX rats. Exercise eventually prevents vascular dysfunction in the brain and may help prevent cognitive dysfunction in menopausal women.

Abstract Fano resonance, known for its unique asymmetric line shape, has gained significant attention in photonics, particularly in sensing applications. However, it remains difficult to achieve controllable Fano parameters with a simple geometric structure. Here, a novel approach of using a thin‐film optical Fano resonator with a porous layer to generate entire spectral shapes from quasi‐Lorentzian to Lorentzian to Fano is proposed and experimentally demonstrated. The glancing angle deposition technique is utilized to create a polarization‐dependent Fano resonator. By altering the linear polarization between s‐ and p‐polarization, a switchable Fano device between quasi‐Lorentz state and negative Fano state is demonstrated. This change in spectral shape is advantageous for detecting materials with a low‐refractive index. A bio‐particle sensing experiment is conducted that demonstrates an enhanced signal‐to‐noise ratio and prediction accuracy. Finally, the challenge of optimizing the film‐based Fano resonator due to intricate interplay among numerous parameters, including layer thicknesses, porosity, and materials selection, is addressed. The inverse design tool is developed based on a multilayer perceptron model that allows fast computation for all ranges of Fano parameters. The method provides improved accuracy of the mean validation factor (MVF = 0.07, q‐q') compared to the conventional exhaustive enumeration method (MVF = 0.37).

Abstract Aim The aim of the study was to understand nurses' information security attitudes towards patient information. This study developed the Information Security Attitude Questionnaire (ISA‐Q) to measure the physical, technical and administrative aspects of information security for nurses and assessed its validity and reliability. Design Cross‐sectional study and scale development. Methods Exploratory and confirmatory factor analyses and correlation analyses were performed to assess construct, discriminant and convergent validity; Cronbach's α and test–retest reliability were examined. Results Exploratory and confirmatory factor analyses yielded a 6‐factor, 30‐item solution. Six factors accounted for 60.19% of the total variance. The confirmatory factor analysis was achieved through structural equation modelling. Discriminant and convergent validity were confirmed. The internal consistency of the ISA‐Q was 0.94, and the test–retest reliability was 0.74. The ISA‐Q is an appropriate questionnaire for identifying information security attitudes of nurses, making it useful for developing systematic performance methods to enhance nurses' information security levels.

Abstract Background Hip fracture is a major public health problem worldwide and being underweight is a risk factor for fractures. Few studies have investigated the association between being underweight and hip fracture in the general population. The present study investigated the incidence of hip fracture in a large population cohort based on detailed information about the degree of underweight. Methods A nationwide retrospective cohort study of adults ≥40 years of age included 962,533 subjects who were not overweight or obese in 2009. The incidence and risk of hip fracture occurring between 2010 and 2018 was assessed based on the degree of underweight. Based on body mass index (BMI), the study population was categorized into normal (18.50–22.99 kg/m2), mild (17.00–18.49 kg/m2), moderate (16.00–16.99 kg/m2), and severe underweight (

Background Mitral annular calcification (MAC) is a chronic degenerative process that may progress. This study aimed to investigate associating factors and clinical implications of MAC progression. Methods and Results Among 560 patients with MAC identified by transthoracic echocardiography between January 2012 and June 2016, 138 patients (mean±SD age 72.7±10.2 years, 73 women) with mild or moderate MAC who received follow‐up examination within 18 to 36 months were retrospectively analyzed. Progressive MAC was defined as hemodynamic or structural profiles that had worsened by more than 1 grade. Hemodynamic features were assessed by the transmitral mean diastolic pressure gradient (MDPG), and structural features were assessed by the MAC angle in the parasternal short‐axis view. The clinical outcome was defined as a composite of all‐cause mortality, hospitalization for heart failure, and occurrence of ischemic stroke. Forty‐three patients (31.2%) showed progressive MAC. Patients with progressive MAC had higher systolic blood pressure, pulse pressure, MAC angle, and MDPG than those with stable MAC. Patients with progressive MAC had smaller left ventricular (LV) end‐systolic dimensions and higher LV ejection fractions compared with those with stable MAC. In multivariate analysis, pulse pressure, LV ejection fraction, MAC angle, and MDPG at baseline were significantly associated with MAC progression. During a median of 39.2 months' follow‐up, patients with progressive MAC showed poorer clinical outcomes than those with stable MAC (log‐rank P=0.015). Conclusions MAC progression is not rare and is associated with structural substrate and hemodynamic loads that result in mechanical stress. Patients with progressive MAC have poor outcomes.

Abstract Temperature monitoring is critical for estimating the available capacity of Lithium‐ion batteries. In electric vehicle applications using large‐scale battery packs, monitoring individual cell temperature is challenging due to difficulties in sensor management. To address this issue, a sensor‐less battery temperature prediction technique is proposed that ensures both accuracy and rapid runtime execution using deep learning. A deep neural network‐based temperature prediction model is introduced that utilizes short sequences of battery voltage and discharge current. An adaptive sequence length strategy is then devised to ensure high accuracy and responsiveness, covering the non‐identically distributed nature of the data. The proposed technique is experimentally validated with commercial batteries, verifying its accuracy and rapid execution.

Abstract Antimicrobial peptides (AMPs) are promising therapeutics in the fight against multidrug‐resistant bacteria. As a mimic of AMPs, peptoids with N‐substituted glycine backbone have been utilized for antimicrobials with resistance against proteolytic degradation. Antimicrobial peptoids are known to kill bacteria by membrane disruption; however, the nonspecific aggregation of intracellular contents is also suggested as an important bactericidal mechanism. Here,structure‐activity relationship (SAR) of a library of indole side chain‐containing peptoids resulting in peptoid 29 as a hit compound is investigated. Then, quantitative morphological analyses of live bacteria treated with AMPs and peptoid 29 in a label‐free manner using optical diffraction tomography (ODT) are performed. It is unambiguously demonstrated that both membrane disruption and intracellular biomass flocculation are primary mechanisms of bacterial killing by monitoring real‐time morphological changes of bacteria. These multitarget mechanisms and rapid action can be a merit for the discovery of a resistance‐breaking novel antibiotic drug.

Abstract A monoexponential model characterizing cerebral blood velocity dynamics at the onset of exercise may mask dynamic responses by the cerebrovasculature countering large fluctuations of middle cerebral artery blood velocity (MCAv) and cerebral perfusion pressure (CPP) oscillations. Therefore, the purpose of this study was to determine whether the use of a monoexponential model attributes initial fluctuations of MCAv at the start of exercise as a time delay (TD). Twenty‐three adults (10 women, 23.9 ± 3.3 yrs; 23.7 ± 2.4 kg/m2) completed 2 min of rest followed by 3 mins of recumbent cycling at 50 W. MCAv, CPP, and Cerebrovascular Conductance index (CVCi), calculated as CVCi = MCAv/MAP × 100 mmHg, were collected, a lowpass filter (0.2 Hz) was applied, and averaged into 3‐second bins. MCAv data were then fit to a monoexponential model [ΔMCAv(t) = Amp(1 – e−(t−TD)/τ)]. TD, tau (τ), and mean response time (MRT = TD + τ) were obtained from the model. Subjects exhibited a TD of 20.2 ± 18.1 s. TD was directly correlated with MCAv nadir (MCAvN), r = −0.560, p = 0.007, which occurred at similar times (16.5 ± 15.3 vs. 20.2 ± 18.1 s, p = 0.967). Regressions indicated CPP as the strongest predictor of MCAvN (Ra2 = 0.36). Fluctuations in MCAv were masked using a monoexponential model. To adequately understand cerebrovascular mechanisms during the transition from rest to exercise, CPP and CVCi must also be analyzed. A concurrent drop in cerebral perfusion pressure and middle cerebral artery blood velocity at the start of exercise forces the cerebrovasculature to respond to maintain cerebral blood flow. The use of a monoexponential model characterizes this initial phase as a time delay and masks this large important response.

Background Hypertrophic cardiomyopathy (HCM) is a genetic disorder affecting not only the myocardium but also the mitral valve (MV) and its apparatus. This study aimed to investigate the prognostic implication of MV disease and its progression in East Asian patients with HCM. Methods and Results We assessed MV structure and function on the indexed echocardiogram of 1185 patients with HCM (mean±SD age, 60±14 years; men, 67%) in a longitudinal HCM registry, and 667 patients who performed follow‐up echocardiogram after 3 to 5 years were also analyzed. Progression of mitral regurgitation (MR) was defined as the increase of at least 1 grade. Clinical outcomes were defined as a composite of cardiovascular death, heart failure hospitalization, MV surgery or septal myectomy, and heart transplantation. Most of the entire cohort was nonobstructive type (n=1081 [91.2%]). A total of 278 patients (23.5%) showed at least mild MR on indexed echocardiogram. MR, systolic anterior motion, and mitral annular calcification were more prevalent in patients with obstructive HCM. During 7.0±4.0 years of follow‐up, presence of MR was independently associated with poor clinical outcomes (hazard ratio [HR], 1.60 [95% CI, 1.07–2.40]; P=0.023). On follow‐up echocardiogram, 67 (10.0%) patients showed MR progression, and it was independently associated with poor prognosis (HR, 2.46 [95% CI, 1.29–4.71]; P=0.007). Conclusions In East Asian patients with HCM whose major type is nonobstructive, MV disease is common. MR, systolic anterior motion, and mitral annular calcification are more prevalent in patients with obstructive HCM. The presence and progression of MR are associated with a poor prognosis in patients with HCM.

Abstract The combination of a high‐Ni LiNixMnyCo1−x−yO2 (NMC) cathode and Li metal anode is currently considered the most promising candidate for high‐energy‐density Li‐metal batteries. However, undesired parasitic reactions in LiPF6‐based carbonate electrolytes hinder their further application. Herein, we report a new fluorinated linear carbonate additive, ethyl 2‐(2‐fluoroethoxy)ethyl carbonate) (EFEEC), to a lithium bis(trifluoromethanesulfonyl) imide–lithium bis(oxalate)borate‐based dual‐salt electrolyte system which is compatible with high‐Ni NMC and Li metal electrodes. We showed that in our electrolyte with well‐controlled lowest unoccupied molecular orbital/highest unoccupied molecular orbital levels, robust and stable solid electrolyte interphases are formed on both the cathode and anode synergistically, which enables neat and dense lithium metal deposition as well as the structural stability of NMC622 operated under a 4.5 V cut‐off voltage. The use of the dual‐salt‐based electrolyte with the EFEEC additive improved cycle performance with high‐capacity retention (76.0% at 200 cycles) even when operated under high voltage.

Abstract Next‐generation flow (NGF) has detected minimal residual disease (MRD) in numerous myeloma patients who achieve a complete response (CR). However, when MRD is not detected via NGF in non‐CR patients, its clinical meaning is uncertain. Here, we investigated the correlation between MRD findings on NGF and the response criteria, paying special attention to patients with discrepant results. We performed NGS analysis of IgH rearrangements on bone marrow samples from the non‐CR patients with negative MRD on NGF. NGS detected residual abnormal clones in those patients, suggesting that NGF and NGS should be used in a complementary manner for MRD investigation.

Abstract Lignocellulosic biomass shows high potential as a renewable feedstock for use in biodiesel production via microbial fermentation. Yarrowia lipolytica, an emerging oleaginous yeast, has been engineered to efficiently convert xylose, the second most abundant sugar in lignocellulosic biomass, into lipids for lignocellulosic biodiesel production. Yet, the lipid yield from xylose or lignocellulosic biomass remains far lower than that from glucose. Here we developed an efficient xylose‐utilizing Y. lipolytica strain, expressing an isomerase‐based pathway, to achieve high‐yield lipid production from lignocellulosic biomass. The newly developed xylose‐utilizing Y. lipolytica, YSXID, produced 12.01 g/L lipids with a maximum yield of 0.16 g/g, the highest ever reported, from lignocellulosic hydrolysates. Consequently, this study shows the potential of isomerase‐based xylose‐utilizing Y. lipolytica for economical and sustainable production of biodiesel and oleochemicals from lignocellulosic biomass.