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Diabetic cardiomyopathy can cause cardiac dysfunction and eventually lead to heart failure and sudden death. Long noncoding RNA (lncRNA) Gas5 has been reported to play a function in cardiomyocyte. Here we studied the function of Gas5 on newborn mouse cardiomyocyte (NMC) apoptosis to detect its molecular mechanism. High-glucose treatment was implemented to induce the apoptosis of NMC in this study. And terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase dUTP nick-end labeling assay, JC-1 assay, and flow cytometry analysis were conducted to know about the apoptosis of NMC when Gas5 and Tcf3 were silenced. Meanwhile, RNA pull-down assay and luciferase reporter assay were conducted to verify the binding of RNAs. Finally, rescue assay was implemented to evaluate the influence on apoptosis situation affected by competing endogenous RNA pathways. Tcf3 was found to bind to the Gas5 promoter to activate the expression of Gas5. Meanwhile, Gas5 and Tcf3 were both found to promote the apoptosis of NMC. Also, mmu-miR-320-3p could bind to Gas5 and Tcf3. Moreover, the Gas5/miR-320-3p/Tcf3 pathway was found to modulate the apoptosis of NMC. In conclusion, Tcf3-activated lncRNA Gas5 regulates NMC apoptosis in diabetic cardiomyopathy.

Many commentators and researchers have attributed the manufacturing success in China to its ownership reforms. Using a micro database from the Chinese National Bureau of Statistics, this paper documents and quantifies this development. With systematic and robust analyses, it shows that the development of private ownership indeed played an essential role in improving firm performance and the allocation and utilization of production resources in the Chinese manufacturing sector. In addition, the paper estimates the contributions of firms under different ownership to manufacturing growth, showing that the development of private ownership was the driving force of manufacturing growth in China. The strong credible evidence has important policy implications for further maintaining sustainable development in China.

The present paper studies the sources of economic growth and the nature of structural change in the Chinese economy from 1987 to 2008. Using a methodology that evaluates the contribution of an industry to economic growth, the present paper shows that the post-2000 subperiod marked an increased reliance on the services sector as a source of growth in the Chinese economy. Much of the acceleration in real GDP or aggregate labor productivity growth in China in the post-2000 subperiod compared to the pre-2000 period can be traced to an increased contribution from service-producing and high-technology exporting manufacturing industries. The evidence indicates that the Chinese economy has been rebalancing toward domestic consumption and shifting its export sector toward high-technology manufacturing industries.

Understanding the nature of structural change and the sources of economic growth of an economy, especially the relative importance of different industries, is essential for policy-making. This paper estimates industry contribution to economic growth in both Canada and the United States. It argues that industry contribution should be evaluated on the basis of the performance of an industry in terms of creating economic value relative to other industries. In particular, it calls for the quantity and the price effects, which is consistent with real GDP in the chained-Fisher index that values the industry more when its price rises and less when its price declines. This is an important departure from the traditional methodologies that consider only quantity effect. This paper shows that the contribution from demand-driven industries is significantly more than the finding based on traditional thinking.

This paper shows that the higher small-plant employment share in Canada compared with the United States mattered for the Canada-U.S. manufacturing labour-productivity gap, but it did not contribute to the widening of the gap between 2002 and 2007. In addition, it shows that while the weaker productivity performance of small plants in Canada compared with the United States accounted for much of the gap in a particular year, the deterioration in the productivity performance of large plants in Canada was responsible for most of the widening gap over this period. Resume Est-ce que les petits ou les grands producteurs conforment l’ecart de productivite du travail entre le Canada et les Etats-Unis? Resultats recents pour le secteur manufacturier. Ce texte montre que la plus grande portion de l'emploi dans les petits etablissements au Canada par rapport aux Etats-Unis est importante dans l'explication de la difference de niveau de productivite du travail entre le Canada et les Etats-Unis, mais que ce facteur n'a pas contribue a l'accroissement de l'ecart entre 2002 et 2007. De plus on montre qu'alors que la productivite plus faible des petits etablissements au Canada par rapport aux Etats-Unis explique le gros de l'ecart pour une annee particuliere, c'est la deterioration de la productivite des grands etablissements au Canada qui explique le gros de la croissance de l'ecart au cours de cette periode.

Offshoring has become increasingly important for businesses, especially manufacturing firms, to compete in domestic and international markets. This paper empirically studies the association between offshoring, productivity, and plant characteristics by focusing on the geographical dimension of plants' business activities. Using data from Statistics Canada's Survey of Innovation 2005 and Annual Surveys of Manufacturers, we show that material offshoring is strongly associated with firms' outward-oriented business activities (including foreign operation, investing in foreign M&E, and exporting), even after controlling for geographic advantages and industry- and plant-specific effects. For R&D offshoring, we find that it is mainly associated with investment in foreign M&E. In addition, this paper shows that material offshoring is positively associated with productivity and that the association is significantly larger for material offshoring to Asia Pacific countries than for material offshoring to the U.S. and other locations.