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Abstract In order to improve precipitation forecast from GRAPES_Meso V4.0 in China, we propose a 1–6‐h rolling correction solution, based on infrared (IR) channels from geostationary meteorological satellite and surface observation data. In particular, we design a deep learning extrapolation model to predict the evolution of cloud clusters based on convolutional neural networks and long short‐term memory networks. The predicted cloud clusters, together with the relationship between the rainfall area and the cloud position, are applied to correct the 1–6‐h precipitation forecast. We conduct comprehensive experiments to evaluate the proposed solution over China. Experimental results show that the deep learning model can successfully capture spatial characteristics and temporal variations between the sequences, and achieve reliable predictions of cloud clusters. The analysis further indicates that the rolling correction solution via the predicted cloud clusters has improved the precipitation forecast in China. The distribution of corrected precipitation forecast is more consistent with the observed precipitation compared to GRAPES_Meso forecast. In particular, the rolling correction model could enhance the forecast on “rain/no‐rain” events, light rain, and moderate rain according to TS, ETS, BIAS, and FAR metrics.

Abstract Background Tonsillar squamous cell carcinoma (TSCC) due to human papillomavirus (HPV) infection has seen a dramatic increase in recent years. Bilateral tonsillar squamous cell carcinoma (biTSCC) has a much lower incidence than unilateral TSCC and three main hypotheses of biTSCC pathogenesis prevail: field carcinogenesis, single‐clone, and multiple HPV infections. Case A 49‐year‐old Male with a remote history of chewing tobacco presented with symptoms of spitting up tissue and occasional hemoptysis. Physical exam showed a sole left tonsillar mass which was confirmed to be TSCC on biopsy. The patient's computed tomographic (CT) scan was consistent with this finding; however, positron emission tomography (PET) scan indicated a second tumor in the contralateral right tonsil. Surgical resection of both masses and selective neck dissection was performed, and the specimens were sent for further pathological analysis. No complications of surgery were noted and the final diagnosis of synchronous biTSCC was made. The tumors were a T2N0M0 left poorly differentiated TSCC (p16+, EGFR+, bcl2+) with basaloid features, and a T1N0M0 right well to moderately differentiated TSCC (p16+, EGFR+, bcl2−). Conclusion Our present case was notable for differing tumor pathology and karyotype analysis between the right and left masses, directly supporting the multiple HPV infections hypothesis of biTSCC pathogenesis. Further genetic characterization of tonsillar tumors is needed to better characterize TSCC and best guide medical/surgical therapy.

Summary Saccharomyces cerevisiae is the preferred source of RNA derivatives, which are widely used as supplements for foods and pharmaceuticals. As the most abundant RNAs, the ribosomal RNAs (rRNAs) transcribed by RNA polymerase I (Pol I) have no 5′ caps, thus cannot be translated to proteins. To screen high‐nucleic‐acid content yeasts more efficiently, a cap‐independent protein expression system mediated by Pol I has been designed and established to monitor the regulatory changes of rRNA synthesis by observing the variation in the reporter genes expression. The elements including Pol I‐recognized rDNA promoter, the internal ribosome entry site from cricket paralytic virus which can recruit ribosomes internally, reporter genes (URA3 and yEGFP3), oligo‐dT and an rDNA terminator were ligated to a yeast episomal plasmid. This system based on the URA3 gene worked well by observing the growth phenotype and did not require the disruption of cap‐dependent initiation factors. The fluorescence intensity of strains expressing the yEGFP3 gene increased and drifted after mutagenesis. Combined with flow cytometry, cells with higher GFP level were sorted out. A strain showed 58% improvement in RNA content and exhibited no sequence alteration in the whole expression cassette introduced. This study provides a novel strategy for breeding high‐nucleic‐acid content yeasts.

Abstract Background Successful slow pathway (SP) ablation sites for atrioventricular nodal reentrant tachycardia (AVNRT) are usually located inside the Koch's triangle (KT). This study aimed to determine the ablation site of SP using the coronary sinus (CS) ostium (CSO) as the reference and to evaluate the efficacy of the CSO‐guided SP ablation. Methods A regional geometry around the KT was constructed by 3D mapping in 52 consecutive patients under age 18 with AVNRT. SP cryoablation was performed. If initial cryoablation was unsuccessful or cryoablation was deemed not suitable, then radiofrequency (RF) ablation was performed. The successful ablation site direction relative to the CSO was expressed as o'clock with the CSO viewed as a clock. RESULTS Cryoablation was used as the primary energy source in 40 patients. Of which, 32 were successful and eight required additional RF ablation. Direct RF ablation was performed in 11 patients. Using the CSO as reference, the successful site with cryoablation was at its 2.2 ± 0.6 o'clock; the RF ablation success site was at CSO 2.7 ± 0.5 o'clock (P = .006). During a median follow‐up of 12 month, there was 98% success of SP ablation in these patients, with one patient with RF ablation had a tachycardia recurrence. Conclusions Using CSO as reference, the cryoablation site at its 2:00 o'clock and RF ablation at its 3:00 o'clock are highly efficacious for SP ablation with good short‐term outcomes, and may be a useful tool in guiding the ablation target for AVNRT.

Abstract PCV2 belongs to the genus Circovirus, family Circoviridae, who is recognized as the causative agents of postweaning multisystemic wasting syndrome. Since being found to China in 2000, it has caused serious damage to the pig industry. In this study, we downloaded 40 PCV2 genome‐wide sequences uploaded to GenBank from 2013 to 2018 in Shandong Province, including 23 uploaded by our laboratory. Construction of a genome‐wide evolution tree using MEGA V5.0 software. Phylogenetic tree analysis indicated that the genotype of PCV2 in Shandong Province was: three genotypes coexisted (2a, 2b, 2d); among them, PCV2d has become the main genotype in the province due to its number and spread range. Amino acid sequence analysis of different genotypes of ORF2 showed that specific amino acid sites exist in different genotypes, with the most significant range of 81–160; different genotypes of PCV2 can be distinguished at the molecular level. This study found that due to the increase in infections of the PCV2d genotype in recent years, it may replace PCV2b as the dominant base in Shandong.

Abstract Sonodynamic therapy (SDT) holds growing promise in deep‐seated or large solid tumor treatment owing to its high tissue penetration depth ability; however, its therapeutic efficacy is often compromised due to the hypopermeable and hypoxic characteristics in the tumor milieu. Herein, a semiconducting polymer nanoparticle (SPNC) that synergistically enhances tumor penetration and alleviates tumor hypoxia is reported for sonodynamic therapy of large solid tumors. SPNC comprises a semiconducting polymer nanoparticle core as a sonodynamic converter coated with a poly (ethylene glycol) corona. An oxygen‐modulating enzyme, catalase, is efficiently conjugated to the surface of nanoparticles via the coupling reaction. Superior to its counterpart SPNCs (SPNC2 (84 nm) and SPNC3 (134 nm)), SPNC with the smallest size (SPNC1 (35 nm)) can efficiently penetrate throughout the tumor interstitium to alleviate whole tumor hypoxia in a large solid tumor model. Upon ultrasound (US) irradiation, SPNC1 can remotely generate sufficient singlet oxygen to eradicate tumor cells at a deep‐tissue depth. Such a single treatment of SPNC1‐medicated sonodynamic therapy effectively inhibits tumor growth in a large solid tumor mouse model. Therefore, this study provides a generalized strategy to synergistically overcome both poor penetration and hypoxia of large tumors for enhanced cancer treatment.

Abstract Current efforts to reduce the maximum allowable cadmium (Cd) concentrations in wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) for at‐risk populations such as infants require sourcing wheat with low concentrations of Cd. Since Idaho (USA) is a major wheat supplier, there is a need to understand which varieties and locations in Idaho produce wheat containing low Cd. Therefore, the main objective of this paper is to report on a survey of total Cd concentrations in 469 wheat grain samples and 216 soil samples from several varieties and locations throughout Idaho. Total Cd concentrations in wheat grain ranged from

Tumor‐derived extracellular vesicles (EVs) and their contents are involved in the development of human malignancies. Circular RNAs (circRNAs), enriched in EVs, can regulate diverse cellular processes by acting as microRNA (miRNA) sponges or through other mechanisms. In the present study, we explored the potential roles of circRNAs in EVs in the development of pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC). First, plasma was obtained from patients with PDAC (n = 8) and healthy volunteers (n = 8), and EVs were isolated by the ultracentrifugation method. Nanoparticle tracking analysis and transmission electron microscopy confirmed the size and form of the isolated EVs. The circRNA expression profiles of EVs were investigated by high‐throughput whole transcriptome sequencing. We then further validated the accuracy of the circRNA sequencing data by quantitative real‐time PCR analysis using plasma samples and PC cell lines, and subsequently performed bioinformatics analysis to reveal the potential functional roles of the differentially expressed circRNAs and to construct a circRNA‐miRNA interaction network to predict the target miRNAs of these circRNAs. Our work provides novel targets for further studies concerning the pathogenesis of PDAC.

Abstract Multivesicular bodies (MVBs) fuse with not only the plasma membranes to release extracellular vesicles (EVs) but also lysosomes for degradation. Rab7 participates in the lysosomal targeting of MVBs. However, the proteins on MVB that directly bind Rab7, causing MVB recruitment of Rab7 remain unidentified. Here, we show that Coro1a undergoes neddylation modification at K233 by TRIM4. Neddylated Coro1a is associated with the MVB membrane and facilitates MVB recruitment and activation of Rab7 by directly binding Rab7. Subsequently, MVBs are targeted to lysosomes for degradation in a Rab7‐dependent manner, leading to reduced EV secretion. Furthermore, a decrease in neddylated Coro1a enhances the production of tumour EVs, thereby promoting tumour progression, indicating that neddylated Coro1a is an ideal target for the regulation of EV biogenesis. Altogether, our data identify a novel substrate of neddylation and reveal an unknown mechanism for MVB recruitment of Rab7, thus providing new insight into the regulation of EV biogenesis.

Background In children, the practice of transcatheter closure of intracristal ventricular septal defect (icVSD) has been limited. Currently, there is a lack of comparison between device closure of perimembranous ventricular septal defect (pmVSD) and icVSD, and long‐term clinical outcomes are rare. Methods and Results This study included a total of 633 children (39 with icVSD and 594 with pmVSD), aged 18 months to 16 years, who underwent transcatheter closure of ventricular septal defect between January 2014 and December 2018. All patients were followed up until September 2020, with a median follow‐up of 46 months in the pmVSD group and 52 months in the icVSD group. The procedural success rate was 96.3% and 84.6% in pmVSD and icVSD groups, respectively (P=0.002). The median of age, weight, procedure time, fluoroscopic time, and radiation dose were greater in the icVSD group compared with the pmVSD group. More eccentric ventricular septal defect occluders were used in the icVSD group. Most adverse events were minor without any intervention, with cardiac rhythm/conduction abnormalities being the most common. In the pmVSD group, 2 patients experienced complete atrioventricular block, with one implanting a permanent pacemaker and the other dying of cardiac arrest secondary to reversible complete atrioventricular block 40 days postprocedure. Complete left bundle‐branch block occurred in 14 patients, and 12 cases were transient. In the icVSD group, no complete atrioventricular block or death occurred, and one patient developed transient complete left bundle‐branch block. Conclusions In selected patients, transcatheter device closure of pmVSD and icVSD can be performed safely and successfully, with excellent medium‐ and long‐term results in children.