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Abstract The recently‐observed poleward shift in western North Pacific tropical cyclone (TC) genesis has increased the TC threat to East Asia. We find that the poleward shift of TC genesis since 1979 is linked to mega‐ENSO. A downscaling analysis of TC genesis latitude given the constraint of mega‐ENSO using 30 models from the Coupled Model Intercomparison Project Phase 6 (CMIP6) show a continued increasing poleward shift with additional warming. We use the dynamic genesis potential index as a TC proxy in future CMIP6 simulations. These simulations show enhanced TC formation in the subtropics and decreased TC formation in the tropics. Modeled TCs in CMIP6 high‐resolution models that well represent mega‐ENSO project future poleward shifts in TC genesis. Both observations and simulations show that extra‐tropical North Pacific sea surface temperature warming associated with mega‐ENSO are the primary driver of the TC genesis poleward shift. Our study provides new insights into climate change‐driven TC migration.

Objectives The objective of this study was to quantify the morphology, composition, and asymmetry of the paravertebral extensor muscles (PSEMs) in patients with cervical ossification of the posterior longitudinal ligament (OPLL) who had different modified K‐line (mK‐line) and the minimum interval between the mK‐line and OPLL (INTmin) values and to investigate the relationship between PSEMs and symptoms and outcomes following laminoplasty. These original findings elucidated that the atrophy of PSEMs could predict decompression outcomes and provided a theoretical basis for paraspinal muscle rehabilitation. Methods A total of 94 consecutive patients who underwent laminoplasty for OPLL between January 2020 and January 2022 were enrolled in this retrospective study. The relative cross‐sectional areas (rCSA), functional cross‐sectional areas (rFCSA), and FCSA/CSA ratio of the multifidus (MF), semispinalis cervicalis (SSCe), semispinalis capitis (SSCa), and splenius capitis (SpCa) were measured at the C3–C7 segments on cervical magnetic resonance imaging (MRI). This study compared the differences between the mK‐line (+) group and the mK‐line (−) group, as well as between the INTmin

The role of focal packages in packaging ecosystems is crucial for the development of the entire ecosystem, as they are the packages on which other packages depend. However, the evolution of dependency groups in packaging ecosystems has not been systematically investigated. In this study, we examine the downstream dependency package groups (DDGs) in three typical packaging ecosystems—Cargo for Rust, Comprehensive Perl Archive Network for Perl, and RubyGems for Ruby—to identify their features and evolution. We also identify and analyze a special type of DDG, the collaborative downstream dependency package group (CDDG), which requires shared contributors. Our findings show that the overall development of DDGs, particularly CDDGs, is consistent with the status of the whole ecosystem, and the size of DDGs and CDDGs follows a power law distribution. Furthermore, the interaction mechanisms between focal packages and downstream packages differ between ecosystems, but focal packages always play a leading role in the development of DDGs and CDDGs. Finally, we investigate predictive models for the development of CDDGs in the next stage based on their features, and our results show that random forest and Gradient Boosting Regression Tree achieve acceptable prediction accuracy. We provide the raw data and scripts used for our analysis at https://github.com/onion616/DDG.

Abstract Tumor mutational burden (TMB) is an emerging predictive marker of response to immune checkpoint inhibitor therapies. We evaluated the correlation between clinical indicators and high‐throughput sequencing results and TMB in lung adenocarcinoma patients, with the aim of finding simpler and more economical factors as surrogate markers for TMB. The medical records, next‐generation sequencing data, and immunohistochemistry results of 340 lung adenocarcinoma patients who were admitted to the First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University between 2019 and 2020 were collected. The mutated genes were screened for, and the obtained mutated genes were subjected to functional enrichment analysis using R software. A protein–protein interaction (PPI) network was also constructed, and significant modules in the network were identified. Gene Ontology (GO) analyses were performed for the core genes. Univariate and multivariate correlation analyses were performed to judge the correlation between gene mutations and TMB. Genes with a junction mutation rate >1 were selected to construct PPI network and 13 high‐connection core genes were screened. The results of GO enrichment analysis showed that the biological processes related to mutant core genes mainly included mitotic cell cycle and cell aging. Subsequently, ATM (p = 0.006) and PIK3CA (p = 0.008) mutation positivity were identified by univariate and multivariate correlation analysis, while TP53 (p = 0.003) and EGFR (p = 0.008) mutation negativity were significantly associated with elevated TMB. The results of this study demonstrate that ATM‐ and PIK3CA‐positive and EGFR‐negative mutation status are strongly associated with high levels of TMB and have the potential to be predictive biomarkers of response to immune checkpoint inhibitors in lung adenocarcinoma patients.

Objective To investigate the safety, efficiency and cost of total joint arthroplasty (TJA) under the enhanced recovery after surgery (ERAS) program and identify predictors facilitating further decrease in length of stay (LOS). Methods We retrospectively collected the information of patients who underwent primary unilateral TJA by a single surgical team between January 2017 and June 2019. A total of 604 patients with LOS ≤ 3 was enrolled in this study. All patients completed 12‐month or longer follow‐up. Patients received the same ERAS protocol, mainly including preoperative preparation (patient education, preoperative functional exercises, nutritional support), blood management, pain management, sleep management, prevention of infection, prevention of thrombosis and strict discharge criteria. Preoperative characteristics of patients were collected from the medical record system and were compared between the LOS ≤ 2 group and the LOS = 3 group. Factors with significant difference were included in multivariate logistic regression analysis to find independent preoperative predictors for LOS. Joint function at the latest follow‐up, adverse events rate and hospitalization costs were compared between the LOS ≤ 2 group and the LOS = 3 group. Results Of the enrolled 604 patients, 271 patients (44.9%) had a LOS of 2 days or less while 333 patients (55.1%) had a LOS of 3 days. Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index score (odds ratio [OR] = 1.084, 95% confidence interval [CI] = 1.024–1.147, P = 0.005), preoperative albumin level (OR = 0.945, 95% CI = 0.905–0.988, P = 0.012), digestive diseases (OR = 1.084, 95% CI = 1.024–1.147, P = 0.005) and total hip arthroplasty (THA) (OR = 0.273, 95% CI = 0.170–0.439, P

Molecular testing of indeterminate thyroid nodules informs about the presence of point mutations, insertions/deletions, copy number variants, RNA fusions, transcript alterations and miRNA expression. American Thyroid Association (ATA) guidelines suggest molecular testing of indeterminate thyroid nodules may be considered to supplement risk of malignancy (ROM). Although these recommendations have been incorporated in clinical practices in the United States, molecular testing of indeterminate thyroid nodules is not common practice in Asia. Here, we performed molecular testing of 140 indeterminate nodules from Chinese patients using a novel molecular platform composed of RNA and DNA‐RNA classifiers, which is similar to Afirma GEC and ThyroSeq v3. Compared with reports from North America, the new RNA and DNA‐RNA classifiers had a higher positive predictive value (p1 = 0.000 and p2 = 0.020) but a lower negative predictive value (p1 = 0.004 and p2 = 0.098), with no significant differences in sensitivity (p1 = 0.625 and p2 = 0.179) or specificity (p1 = 0.391 and p2 = 0.264). Out of 58 resected nodules, 10 were borderline and 33 malignant, indicating a 74.1% ROM, which was higher than reports in North America (10–40% ROM). Our findings emphasize molecular testing with the newly reported RNA and DNA‐RNA classifiers can be used as a ‘rule‐in’ test when ROM is high.

Creep, sulfate erosion resistance, fly ash content of concrete, and sustained compression load are important factors that will affect the long-term performance of concrete. It is of great interest to combine these effects together to make a comprehensive investigation of fly ash concrete. However, the concrete creep under both sustained compression load and sulfate attack conditions has rarely been reported. To obtain the creep characteristics of fly ash concrete in a sulfate environment, this paper first finishes the creep experiments of fly ash concrete under sustained compression load and sulfate attack. The test factors include the load stress level, the concentration of sulfate solution, and the content of fly ash. Based on the creep mechanism of fly ash concrete under sulfate erosion, the relationship between time-dependent section area variation and creep was carried out. After comparing different creep models, the creep calculation model of fly ash concrete under sulfate erosion was built via the B4 model combined with the cross-sectional area of the damaged layer and undamaged layer of concrete. Finally, comparing the calculated values with the test results, the calculated results were in good agreement with the test data, which is of practical significance to the practical engineering application and the improvement of structural reliability.

Abstract Karstification in carbonate successions has an important influence on hydrocarbon accumulation. Taking the Ordos Basin, currently the largest petroliferous basin in China, as an example, this study examines the large‐scale, long‐term (~120 Myr) paleokarst at the top of the Ordovician. The objectives of the study are to characterize the karst paleogeomorphology of this area, to explain the inconsistency between existing understandings of karst paleogeomorphology and exploration in the eastern Ordos Basin, and to reveal the control of paleokarst on natural gas accumulation and its paleogeographic significance. A total of 860 exploration wells were used for detailed stratigraphic correlation and analysis, along with core observations, well‐logging analyses, physical property characterization, and isotope analyses. Results of residual thickness and moldic thickness reconstruction reveal variation in karst paleogeomorphology between north and south in the eastern Ordos Basin, differing from the traditionally recognized E‐W variation. Two geomorphic units are classified as follows: the karst highland and the karst slope from north to south, with the karst slope being subdivided into northern and southern slope areas. The karst highland area has negligible reservoir capacity and hydrocarbon accumulation owing to the enhanced denudation that occurred there. In contrast, the northern karst slope shows favorable reservoir properties and has abundant gas wells according to well‐logging interpretations, whereas the southern karst slope is of poor reservoir quality and hosts mainly water wells. Differences in dissolution‐filling effects controlled by the surface paleodrainage system are suggested to be the main contributor to differential reservoir space preservation, which, together with the variable width and depth of source rocks in the grooves (thereby variably exposing source rock), further promoted differential gas accumulation. The Ordos Basin and its periphery in the southwestern North China Craton (NCC) show inheritance of sedimentary‐tectonic patterns from the Middle Ordovician to the Late Carboniferous. These results should provide a reference for hydrocarbon exploration in the Ordovician of other basins in the NCC in which karst occurs and karst basins worldwide, and deepens understanding of the paleogeographic framework in the context of regional uplift of the North China Platform.

Time synchronicity works as a popular requirement in wireless sensor networks. Pulse-coupled oscillators similar to firefly flashing and synchronization via discrete pulse coupling are widely used in wireless sensor networks. In this article, we have studied the time synchronization with communication delay in the nearest neighbor network of distributed sensors, based on the pulse-coupled oscillators model of synchronicity achieved by biological systems. First, we present a linear pulse-coupled oscillators model with coupling delay and the model is used to analyze the wireless sensor networks synchronization with communication delay. Second, we mathematically analyze the firing behaviors in the linear pulse-coupled oscillators network using the delayed excitatory coupling and track the synchronization process of the two and multi-oscillators and obtain the synchronization conditions from the regression mapping. Finally, through the proposed model implementation in the wireless sensor networks simulation framework, we demonstrate that the multi-oscillators system can be synchronized from a random starting stage distribution under linear phase responding functions and the nearest neighbor communication. The results show that our approach can achieve clock synchronization in wireless sensor networks with delayed nearest neighbor communication.

Element exchange and enrichment during fluid-rock interactions are common, providing potentially novel proxies to trace hydrocarbon migration in addition to the traditional organic geochemistry tracers. However, the processes, mechanisms, and geological and geochemical fingerprints of these interactions are complex, hampering the applications of hydrocarbon migration tracers. To investigate such interactions, we conducted a petrological, mineralogical, and in situ and bulk geochemical study of authigenic quartz and whole-rock samples from the Mahu Sag, northwestern Junggar Basin, northwest China. We found that dissolution, clay and chlorite formation, and overgrowth occurred on quartz grains in hydrocarbon fluid migration pathways, suggestive of strong fluid-rock interactions. In situ quantitative elemental analysis of quartz grains revealed elemental enrichment (e.g., Mn, Fe, Al, Sr, and W) in quartz overgrowth rims compared with their cores, indicating that migration of hydrocarbon-bearing fluids in reservoirs may promote elemental exchange between fluids and minerals. Whole-rock geochemical analysis showed that decreasing contents of some elements may reflect the direction of hydrocarbon-bearing fluid migration and can be monitored with three geochemical proxies, which are the MnO contents and MnO/Zr and Y/Ho ratios. Our data provide new constraints on fluid-rock interactions in petroleum reservoirs and have implications for using inorganic geochemical methods to trace hydrocarbon migration.

Electroconductive hydrogels (EHs) are promising composite biomaterials of hydrogels and conductive electroactive polymers, incorporating bionic physicochemical properties of hydrogels and conductivity, electrochemistry, and electrical stimulation (ES) responsiveness of conductive electroactive polymers. The biomedical domain has increasingly seen EHs’ application to imitating the biological and electrical properties of human tissues, acclaimed as one of the most effective biomaterials. Bone’s complex bioelectrochemical properties and the corresponding stem cell differentiation affected by electrical signal elevate EHs’ application value in repairing and treating bone, cartilage, and skeletal muscle. Noteworthily, the latest orthopedic biological applications require broader information of EHs. Except for presenting the classification and synthesis of EHs, this review recapitulates the advance of EHs application to orthopedics in the past five years and discusses the pertinent development tendency and challenge, aiming to provide a reference for EHs application direction and prospect in orthopedic therapy.

Fine-grained mixed rocks in saline lacustrine basins are important targets for shale oil exploration. However, the controls on shale oil accumulation are complex due to the multi-source mixed deposition. This is a challenging issue in the study of shale oil. Here, we present a case study in the Middle Permian Lucaogou Formation in the Jimusar Sag, Junggar Basin, northwestern China. Results show that the Lucaogou Formation consists mainly of carbonate rocks, dolomitic or calcareous mudstones, tuffaceous or silty mudstones, and siltstones. The dolomitic/calcareous mudstones (TOCaverage=6.44 wt.%) and tuffaceous/silty mudstones (TOCaverage=4.83 wt.%) have the best hydrocarbon generation potential and contain type I–II1 kerogens that are in the peak oil generation stage. However, the shale oil potential is highest for the carbonate rocks and siltstones with average oil saturation index (OSI) values of 315.03 mg HC/g TOC and 343.27 mg HC/g TOC, respectively. This indicates that hydrocarbon generation potential is not the main factor controlling shale oil potential. Micro-nanoscale pores are the main control. Abundant dissolution pores provide excellent reservoir space for near-source migration and accumulation of shale oil. Different mixing processes between lithofacies control the accumulation of shale oil, and shale oil productivity is the best when multi-facies deposition in transitional zones formed the mixed rocks (facies mixing). In addition, local accumulations of calcareous organisms and adjacent carbonate components on terrigenous sediments (in situ mixing) are also conducive to shale oil enrichment. This is an unusual and special feature of saline lacustrine shale oils, which is different from freshwater lacustrine and marine shale oils. Comprehensive assessment of source rock and reservoir is needed to robustly establish a widely applicable method to determine the shale oil potential in such basins.

Deep-seated faults and folds of foreland basin systems have become important exploration targets in the recent years because they are crucial in controlling fluid migration and hydrocarbon accumulation. In this study, we analyzed the characteristics and formation history of these structures in the northwestern Sichuan Basin using recently acquired two-dimensional (2D) and three-dimensional (3D) seismic data. The seismic interpretation revealed that the thrust sheets, tectonic wedges, and foredeep were well developed in the northwestern Sichuan Basin from the mountain to the basin. Forward thrusts, fault-bend folds, and wedges are the main types of structures in the thrust sheets and tectonic wedges. The deep-seated faults and folds were easily recognized in the high-resolution 3D seismic data. The imbricate thrust faults that merged into detachment layers of the Lower Cambrian are the main types of structures in the foredeep, and they show a prominent strike-slip influence in the horizontal direction. The formation of these structures in the foredeep in the northwestern Sichuan Basin mainly endured two stages of thrusting, including those during the Middle-to-Late Triassic and Cenozoic. Based on the tectonic evolution and seismic data, we infer that these deep-seated faults and folds in the foredeep may have formed earlier than the northern Longmen Shan fold-and-thrust belts and they may have been initially active in the late of Early Triassic and reactive during the Cenozoic. Furthermore, evaporites in the Lower and Middle Triassic were crucial in forming these structures. The petroleum exploration data suggested that the deep-seated faults can facilitate hydrocarbon accumulation. The thrust faults in the foredeep were more likely to act as migration pathways for fluids instead of sealing barriers along the horizontal direction. The interconnected reservoirs of deep-seated folds possess a great potential to allow large-scale hydrocarbon accumulation. Our study provides a good example for evaluating the hydrocarbon exploration potential in the deeply buried area in the sedimentary basin.

The size distribution of condensed products during the combustion of aluminized propellants and flow characteristics of the gas-solid two-phase flow in solid rocket motor were studied in this paper. Firstly, based on the laser scattering technology, an online detection system for condensed products in plume was established, and the size detection of condensed products in the plume of solid rocket motor is carried out. Secondly, a numerical model of two-phase flow in solid rocket motor is established by combining the real size distribution of products in the plume with discrete phase model through the Rosin-Rammler distribution function. Besides, numerical simulation research is carried out under the same experimental conditions, focusing on the influence of condensed products with real size on the characteristics of solid rocket motor. The results show that the innovation measurement system can be used to obtain the size distribution characteristic of condensed products in the plume. At the particle size of stable stage, the mean size, Dv50, is 104 μm, which is the smallest among all stages. It is also suggested that condensed products at the end stage have the most impact on the flow behavior in solid rocket motor, in that the shock structure, Mach number, and temperature distribution in the near field of plume are significantly changed.

Abstract Impending climate warming is expected to influence plant growth and distribution, and the distribution range limit of tree species is extremely sensitive to climate change. However, synchronous comparisons of responses of different tree species with overlapping ecological niches to climate at their distribution range limit in the same region have received little attention. In the present study, we assessed the discrepancy in radial growth responses of two dominant oak species to climate at their distribution range limit (southern range limit for Quercus mongolica, northern range limit for Quercus variabilis) in Beijing, China. Furthermore, growth–climate relationships were examined using linear mixed‐effects models, and growth trends up to the year 2100 were forecast based on future climate scenarios (RCP2.6 and RCP8.5). Our results indicated that there were no significant differences in the growth response to climate between Q. variabilis at its northern limit and Q. mongolica at its southern limit, and the growth of the two tree species was positively correlated with the minimum temperature and negatively correlated with the climatic moisture deficit of autumn. However, the growth response to climate variables varied at different sites. Additionally, the model forecast showed an increase in radial growth of Q. variabilis at its northern limit and Q. mongolica at its southern limit up to the end of the present century.

Tight oil and gas accumulation commonly has heterogeneities within the reservoir formation. This heterogeneity, however, is hard to investigate by conventional geological and (organic) geochemical tools and thus is critical and challenging to study. Here, we attempted multivariate statistical analysis to reveal the heterogeneity based on a case study in the lacustrine tight oil accumulation in the middle Permian Lucaogou Formation of the Jimusar sag, Junggar Basin, NW China. Clustering heat maps and multi-dimensional scaling analysis revealed the heterogeneity of tight oil accumulation. The heterogeneity is reflected by the complex relationship between the two reservoir sweet spots as well as the oil migration and accumulation vertically and spatially, rather than the previous thoughts that it is a closed system associated with proximal hydrocarbon accumulation patterns. Multiple biomarkers show that the source rocks and reservoirs have similar characteristics in the lower part of the formation, reflecting a proximal hydrocarbon accumulation pattern in the lower sweet spot (near-source accumulation, abbreviated as NA). This represents a relatively closed system. However, the upper sweet spot and the middle section mudstone sequence intervening the two sweet spots are not a completely closed system in a strict sense. These sequences can be divided into three tight oil segments, i.e., lower, middle, and upper from deep to shallow. The lower segment is sited in the lower part of the middle section mudstone sequence. The middle segment is composed of the upper part of the middle section mudstone sequence and the lower part of the upper sweet spot. The upper segment is composed of the upper part of the upper sweet spot and the overlying upper Permian Wutonggou Formation reservoirs. Oils generated in the lower segment migrated vertically to upper sweet spot reservoirs through faults/fractures, and laterally to distal reservoirs. Oils generated in the middle segment were preserved in reservoirs of the upper sweet spot. Oils in the upper segment require accumulation by vertical and lateral migration through faults/fractures. As such, the tight oil accumulation is complex in the Lucaogou Formation. From base to top, the accumulation mechanisms in the Lucaogou Formation were NA, VLMA (vertical and lateral migration and accumulation), NA and VLMA, thereby showing strong heterogeneities. Our data suggest that these processes might be typical of tight oil accumulations universally, and are important for future exploration and exploitation in the region to consider the heterogeneities rather than a closed system. The multivariate statistical analysis is an effective tool for investigating complex oil-source correlations and accumulation in petroleum basins.

The uncertainty caused by emergencies will influence the normal operation of the supply chain. Considering demand disruptions, a closed-loop supply chain consisting of one manufacturer and two competing retailers based on decentralized decision-making is considered. In the supply chain, one retailer recovers end-of-life products while the other does not. Analytic results show that, when the disturbance of demand occurs, the manufacturer and retailers adjust the wholesale price and retail prices of products according to the direction of the market demand disruptions. Under demand disruptions, the retailer who participates in recovering can gain more profits, especially in the case of the positive disruption. Theoretic and pragmatic references for the emergency decision-making of closed-loop supply chain enterprises are provided.

Cardiac abnormalities are the most common and deadly comorbidities of acromegaly. Assessments using cardiac magnetic resonance (CMR) imaging in acromegaly patients are rare. We aimed to evaluate the frequencies of left ventricular hypertrophy (LVH), interventricular septum hypertrophy (IVSH), LV systolic dysfunction (LVSD), right ventricular systolic dysfunction (RVSD), and myocardial fibrosis (MCF) and detailed quantitative parameters in acromegaly patients using CMR and analyze their correlations with clinical features. Sixty-one patients were enrolled in this study. The rates of LVH, IVSH, LVSD, RVSD, and MCF were 26.2%, 27.9%, 8.2%, 9.8%, and 14.8%, respectively. The average LV mass, LV mass index, IVS thickness, LV and RV free wall thickness, and LV and RV ejection fractions were 114.4 g, 60.0 g/m2, 9.6 mm, 7.2 mm, 2.9 mm, 59.9%, and 56.6%, respectively. The LV mass index was larger (68.9 ± 26.0 vs. 48.8 ± 10.6 g/m2), the IVS was thicker (10.3 ± 2.8 vs. 8.8 ± 1.8 mm), and the LV (57.6 ± 12.3% vs. 62.8 ± 4.8%) and RV ejection fractions (54.6 ± 8.7% vs. 59.2 ± 5.9%) were lower in male patients than in female patients (all p

Purpose. To report a novel technique of cross-knotted suture basket and to test its effectiveness in large nonmagnetic intraocular foreign body (IOFB) removal. Methods. A 7/0 Vicryl suture was cut in half and cross-knotted, and four ends were introduced into a 23G needle to form a basket. Pig eyes were used to set up the IOFB model, and the effectiveness of the suture basket in the removal of large nonmagnetic intraocular foreign bodies was tested. Results. Several modifications can be made to adapt to different situations. For the materials (stone, metal, glass, and wood) and shapes (irregular, spherical, and rectangle) of large IOFB tested, the cross-knotted suture basket successfully removed all kinds of IOFBs. Conclusion. The suture basket technique provides an accessible, safe, and effective alternative in large nonmagnetic IOFB removal. It can be adapted and interchangedand also worth’s further clinical investigations.

Most pumping machineries have a problem of obtaining a higher efficiency over a wide range of operating conditions. To solve that problem, an optimization strategy has been designed to widen the high-efficiency range of the double-suction centrifugal pump at design (Qd) and nondesign flow conditions. An orthogonal experimental scheme is therefore designed with the impeller hub and shroud angles as the decision variables. Then, the “efficiency-house” theory is introduced to convert the multiple objectives into a single optimization target. A two-layer feedforward artificial neural network (ANN) and the Kriging model were combine based on a hybrid approximate model and solved with swarm intelligence for global best parameters that would maximize the pump efficiency. The pump performance is predicted using three-dimensional Reynolds-averaged Navier–Stokes equations which is validated by the experimental test. With ANN, Kriging, and a hybrid approximate model, an optimization strategy is built to widen the high-efficiency range of the double-suction centrifugal pump at overload conditions by 1.63%, 1.95%, and 4.94% for flow conditions 0.8Qd, 1.0Qd, and 1.2Qd, respectively. A higher fitting accuracy is achieved for the hybrid approximation model compared with the single approximation model. A complete optimization platform based on efficiency-house and the hybrid approximation model is built to optimize the model double-suction centrifugal pump, and the results are satisfactory.

The fully mechanized mining with large mining height is the main method for high yield and efficient coal mining in China. The key stratum structure (KSS) is the basis of revealing the mechanism of roof weighting and determination of support working resistance of the longwall face with large mining height (LFLMH) in the shallow coal seam. The height of the caving zone at LFLMH is large, the thick immediate roof forms the “short cantilever beam” structure commonly, and the hinge layer of the overlying key stratum will move upward to the higher position. The “high position oblique step voussoir beam” structure of single-key stratum (SKS) and “oblique step voussoir beam and voussoir beam” structure of double-key stratum (DKS) in the shallow coal seam were proposed with physical simulation and Universal Distinct Element Code (UDEC). The analysis of the KSS and numerical simulation reveals the mechanism of strong roof weighting at the SKS longwall face and large-small alternate periodic weighting at the DKS longwall. It is concluded that the large static load caused by the “equivalent immediate roof (EIR)” is the basic load, and the instability load of the KSS is the additional dynamic load of support. Besides, the calculation methods of the reasonable support working resistance at LFLMH were obtained and verified with engineering applications.

Abstract Long noncoding RNAs (lncRNAs) play an important role in gene regulation, but their impact on the pathogenesis of colorectal cancer and the biological function of cancer cells is unclear. In this study, we used next‐generation sequencing to study the differences in the expression profiles of lncRNAs and mRNAs in colorectal cancer tissues. We analyzed the differentially expressed genes by Gene Ontology/Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (GO/KEGG) enrichment and predicted new lncRNA functions. Our results revealed that compared with lncRNAs and mRNAs in nontumor colorectal tissues, 1019 lncRNAs (512 upregulated, 507 downregulated) and 3221 mRNAs (1606 upregulated, 1615 downregulated) were differentially expressed in tumor colorectal tissues (fold change >2 and P

Abstract Designing and constructing bifunctional electrocatalysts is vital for water splitting. Particularly, the rational interface engineering can effectively modify the active sites and promote the electronic transfer, leading to the improved splitting efficiency. Herein, free‐standing and defect‐rich heterogeneous MoS2/NiS2 nanosheets for overall water splitting are designed. The abundant heterogeneous interfaces in MoS2/NiS2 can not only provide rich electroactive sites but also facilitate the electron transfer, which further cooperate synergistically toward electrocatalytic reactions. Consequently, the optimal MoS2/NiS2 nanosheets show the enhanced electrocatalytic performances as bifunctional electrocatalysts for overall water splitting. This study may open up a new route for rationally constructing heterogeneous interfaces to maximize their electrochemical performances, which may help to accelerate the development of nonprecious electrocatalysts for overall water splitting.

The Junggar Basin of NW China is representative in containing oil and gas seeps worldwide as there are a wide variety of oil and gas seeps over a large area. However, the genesis of these seeps remains poorly known, limiting the understanding of their implications for petroluem geology and hydrocarbon exploration. Here, we investigate 26 samples of oil and gas seeps from nine outcrops within five areas along the margins of the Junggar Basin to determine the geochemical characteristics of the hydrocarbons, constrain their genesis, and discuss future exploration strategies. Results indicate one type of gas seeps and five types of oil seeps. The gas seeps are derived from low-maturity Jurassic source rocks and occur in the Wusu and Dushanzi areas in the western segment of the southern basin. Type 1 oil seeps, sourced from lower Permian rocks (P1f), occur on the northwestern margin. Type 2 oil seeps, derived from middle Permian source rocks (P2l/P2p), occur on the eastern segment of the southern margin and eastern margin of the Junggar Basin. Type 3 oil seeps, with Jurassic source rocks, occur in the Qigu area in the middle segment of the southern basin. Type 4 oil seeps, with Cretaceous source rocks, occur in the Anjihai and Huoerguosi areas within the middle segment of the southern basin. Type 5 oil seeps mainly have Paleogene source rocks with a minor contribution from Jurassic rocks and occur in the Wusu and Dushanzi areas in the western segment of the southern basin with the single-type gas seeps. These results indicate the presence of lacustrine hybrid petroleum systems within the Junggar Basin with complex oil and gas sources and migration-accumulation. Six potential areas along the basin margin were proposed for exploration in the future.

Abstract NiO is a promising electrode material for supercapacitors. Herein, the novel vertically standing nanosized NiO encapsulated in graphene layers (G@NiO) are rationally designed and synthesized as nanosheet arrays. This unique vertical standing structure of G@NiO nanosheet arrays can enlarge the accessible surface area with electrolytes, and has the benefits of short ion diffusion path and good charge transport. Further, an interconnected graphene conductive network acts as binder to encapsulate the nanosized NiO particles as core–shell structure, which can promote the charge transport and maintain the structural stability. Consequently, the optimized G@NiO hybrid electrodes exhibit a remarkably enhanced specific capacity up to 1073 C g−1 and excellent cycling stability. This study provides a facial strategy to design and construct high‐performance metal oxides for energy storage.

Server-side socialbot detection approaches can identify malicious accounts and spams in online social networks. However, they cannot detect socialbot processes, residing on user hosts, which control these accounts. Therefore, new approaches are needed to detect socialbots on hosts. The fundamental to design host-side detecting approaches is to gain an insight into the behaviors of socialbots on host. In this article, we analyzed a series of representative socialbots in depth and summarized the typical features of socialbot behaviors. We proposed a new approach to defense against socialbots on end host. The contributions of this article are threefold: (1) our analysis approach can be used for reference during analyzing new socialbots in the future; (2) we provide several behavior features of socialbots on hosts, including network flow through which socialbots communicate with botmasters through the online social network, system calls via which socialbots conduct an activity, and process information of socialbots running on hosts. These features can be used by someone to design approaches to identifying socialbots on a host; (3) our proposed detection approach can effectively distinguish between a socialbot and a benign application on end hosts.

Whether there is an effective deep-buried lacustrine Triassic petroleum system in the Junggar Basin, NW China, has been enigmatic and debated for a long time. Here we conduct an oil-source correlation to address this issue. Results show that the extracted bitumens from the Triassic mudstones in the central basin have distinctive stable carbon isotope and biomarker compositions compared to the Permian-sourced and Jurassic-sourced hydrocarbons, the other two recognized sources in the study area. These characteristics include δ13C value of -30.46~-26.30‰, β-carotane/maximum n-alkane of 0.22–0.41, Pr/Ph of 1.00–1.51, C24 tetracyclic terpane/C26 tricyclic terpane of 0.43–0.96, Ts/Tm of 0.34–0.64, gammacerane/C30 hopane of 0.10–0.14, and regular steranes C27 > C28 < C29 with C29 sterane in dominance (40–50%). These suggest that the Triassic mudstones in the study area host fresh lacustrine organic matters with high input of higher plants. The Triassic-reservoired crude oils and extracts can be divided into two types. Through oil-source correlation, we infer that both type A and type B oils are derived from mixed Permian and Triassic source rocks. Linear regression analysis shows that the contribution from Triassic mudstones to type A and B oils is 67% and 31%, respectively. This implies that the deep-buried Triassic lacustrine mudstones in the Junggar Basin may have some oil-generation potential and thus might represent a new case of Triassic petroleum systems in China and deserves a more detailed and thorough study in future exploration and exploitation.

The recently discovered middle-sized Bojitian Carlin-type Au deposit is located in southwestern Guizhou Province, China, near the well-known Shuiyindong super-large-sized deposit. To improve the understanding on this deposit, here we investigate the minerals that host Au and the occurrence of Au in the deposit, using a combination of microscopic work and electron probe microanalysis (EPMA). Based on the results, the formation of the deposit was addressed. Results indicate that the dominant minerals that host Au include arsenian pyrite and arsenopyrite. Au in the cores of zoned pyrite exists mainly as natural nanoscale Au (Au0), while Au in the rims exists mainly as solid solution Au (Au+), but it likely also exists in the rims as natural nanoscale Au. The framboidal, coarse-grained, and banded pyrite types contain both natural nanoscale Au0 and solid solution Au+. The arsenopyrite is of hydrothermal origin, and Au within the arsenopyrite exists as gold solution Au+. The Bojitian deposit was formed from As-bearing, H2S-rich, low-to-medium-temperature fluids that migrated along faults and other channels. Au that was already present in the strata or source beds migrated with the fluids in the form of Au(HS)− and ore-forming fluids were then formed in the reducing environment. The ore-forming fluids interacted with Fe-rich carbonates to form an abundance of Au-hosting arsenian sulfides.

Background/Objectives. Obesity and metabolic syndrome and associated adiposity are a systemic condition characterized by increased mitochondrial dysfunction, inflammation, and inhibition of antioxidant genes, HO-1, and EETs levels. We postulate that EETs attenuate adiposity by stimulating mitochondrial function and induction of HO-1 via activation of PGC-1α in adipose and hepatic tissue. Methods. Cultured murine adipocytes and mice fed a high fat (HF) diet were used to assess the functional relationship among EETs, PGC-1α, HO-1, and mitochondrial signaling using an EET-agonist (EET-A) and PGC-1α-deficient cells and mice using lentiviral PGC-1α(sh). Results. EET-A is a potent inducer of PGC-1α, HO-1, mitochondrial biogenesis (cytochrome oxidase subunits 1 and 4 and SIRT3), fusion proteins (Mfn 1/2 and OPA1) and fission proteins (DRP1 and FIS1) (p

Considering the contradictions between the electronic commerce (e-commerce) and its matching express delivery service, this paper investigates a supply chain regarding e-commerce and express delivery industry, in which collaborative operations of enterprises are discussed. The profitability and collaboration capability acting as order parameters and the rest of the influential resources including logistics, fund, information, and commodity are selected with their interrelations being examined based on servo theory of synergetics. Besides, evolutionary model of the e-commerce and express delivery industry is established and analyzed according to self-organization method of system dynamic theory to illustrate order parameters’ role in system evolution, and numerical analyses emerged to intuitively demonstrate the solutions. We conclude the work along with its results of significant references for investigating resource integrations by combining the two closely related businesses in an entire cooperative supply chain and providing guidelines for e-commerce and express delivery enterprises and industries in effective collaboration and system evolution.