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Electronic cigarettes have increased in popularity globally. Vaping may be associated with oral symptoms and pathologies including dental and periodontal damage, both of which have an underlying microbial etiology. The primary aim of this pilot study, therefore, was to compare the oral microbiome of vapers and non-vapers.This secondary data analysis had a cross-sectional comparative descriptive design and included data for 36 adults. Bacterial 16S rRNA genes were extracted and amplified from soft tissue oral swab specimens and taxonomically classified using the Human Oral Microbiome Database.Data for 18 vapers and 18 non-vapers were included in this study. Almost 56% of the vapers also smoked conventional cigarettes. Beta diversity differences were identified between vapers and non-vapers. Vapers had a significantly higher relative abundance of an unclassified species of Veillonella compared with non-vapers. Dual users had higher alpha diversity compared with exclusive vapers. Beta diversity was also associated with dual use. Multiple OTUs were identified to be associated with dual use of e-cigarettes and conventional cigarettes.Vapers exhibit an altered oral microbiome. Dual use of electronic cigarettes and conventional cigarettes is associated with the presence of several known pathogenic microbes.

A magazine "revolution" took place in Taiwan during the late 1980s and early 1990s. Corporate-based multinational publishing companies such as Hua-Shang and Hachette Cultural Enterprise were established at this time with financial backing from local and foreign investments. Existing local giants such as china Times Publications also began to diversify and expanded their markets by cooperating with transnational publishing companies. These corporate-based publishing companies introduced international womens magazines such as Cosmo Elle and Marie Claire to Taiwan pushing out local individual- and family-owned magazine business such as The Woman. In order to compete in the market local magazines emulated international magazines adopting their methods of business management and imitating their format and content. The dominance of these international womens magazines in Taiwans marker has a significant bearing on feminists because as feminine popular culture magazines play an important role in shaping womens identities. International womens magazines therefore constitute a significant site for exploring the interaction between the local and global dynamics in the domain of culture and how that dynamic is played out in the structuring of womens self-formation. (excerpt)