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OBJECTIVE: To describe risk factors and outcomes of pregnant women infected with SARS-CoV-2 admitted to South African healthcare facilities. METHODS: A population-based cohort study was conducted utilizing an amended International Obstetric Surveillance System protocol. Data on pregnant women with SARS-CoV-2 infection, hospitalized between April 14, 2020, and November 24, 2020, were analyzed. RESULTS: A total of 36 hospitals submitted data on 673 infected hospitalized pregnant women; 217 (32.2%) were admitted for COVID-19 illness and 456 for other indications. There were 39 deaths with a case fatality rate of 6.3%: 32 (14.7%) deaths occurred in women admitted for COVID-19 illness compared to 7 (1.8%) in women admitted for other indications. Of the women, 106 (15.9%) required critical care. Maternal tuberculosis, but not HIV co-infection or other co-morbidities, was associated with admission for COVID-19 illness. Rates of cesarean delivery did not differ significantly between women admitted for COVID-19 and those admitted for other indications. There were 179 (35.4%) preterm births, 25 (4.7%) stillbirths, 12 (2.3%) neonatal deaths, and 162 (30.8%) neonatal admissions. Neonatal outcomes did not differ significantly from those of infected women admitted for other indications. CONCLUSION: The maternal mortality rate was high among women admitted with SARS-CoV-2 infection and higher in women admitted primarily for COVID-19 illness with tuberculosis being the only co-morbidity associated with admission.

ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS We thank the Argentine National Council of Scientific and Technological Research (CONICET) and Rufford Small Grand (8204-2) for supporting the fieldwork and Project CONTAIN funded under the Latin American Biodiversity Programme, as part of the Newton Fund (NE/S011641/1) that constructed an international network among authors. S.J.E.V. thanks the postdoctoral fellowships supported by the National Science Foundation (Award 1853697) and the CONICET received during the time of this project. We are grateful to M. Ayup, PAPD of Jiangsu higher education, Nanjing Forestry University (China), and particularly to Professor Ruan Honghua, Zou Xiaoming and Qi Weilong to help with data collection and useful information. To P. Garcia-Diaz to improve the first version of this work. Particularly, we thank to three anonymous Reviewers and the Editor of DDI Dr Zhang, for their very useful suggestions and detailed revision.

Single-crystal X-ray structure analysis revealed the precise structure of a Ce-encapsulated Preyssler-type phosphotungstate which was first synthesized by Pope et al. Antonio et al. reported that encapsulated Ce has a 3+ oxidation state and is redox-inactive, which is unlike other Ce-containing phosphotungstates. Therefore, precise structural analysis about Ce position is needed. The encapsulated Ce was located in one of the side cavities, and was coordinated to one H2O molecule. The position of Ce was similar to that of Y3+ and Eu3+ in similar compounds. This result, together with the bond valence sum calculation, provides additional evidence that the oxidation state of the redox-inactive Ce in the Preyssler-type compound is 3+., This research was supported by JSPS KAKENHI, Grant No. JP18H02058 (Grant-in-Aid for Scientific Research (B)), International Network on Polyoxometalate Science at Hiroshima University, and the EPSRC-JSPS core-to-core program.

Diversity, equality, and inclusion (DEI/EDI) are pressing issues in chemistry and the natural sciences. In this Essay we share how an area‐specific approach is “calling in” the community so that it can act to address EDI issues, and support those who are marginalised. Women In Supramolecular Chemistry (WISC) is an international network that aims to support equality, diversity, and inclusion within supramolecular chemistry. WISC has taken a field‐specific approach using qualitative research methods with scientists to identify the support that is needed and the problems the supramolecular community needs to address. Herein, we present survey data from the community which highlight the barriers that are faced by those who take career breaks for any reason, a common example is maternity leave, and the importance of mentoring to aid progression post‐PhD. In conclusion, we set out an interdisciplinary and creative approach to addressing EDI issues within supramolecular chemistry., Marginalisation can be experienced for many intersectional reasons including race, ethnicity, sexuality, religion, and gender. This Essay sets out a field‐specific approach to supporting equality, diversity, and inclusion in supramolecular chemistry as pioneered by an international network of Women In Supramolecular Chemistry (WISC). WISC aims to “call in” the community and to use qualitative approaches to set out a framework for addressing EDI.

Summary The food environment is a major contributor to unhealthy diets in children and, therefore, to the increasing rates of obesity. Acclaimed by scholars across the world, Latin American countries have been leaders in implementing policies that target different aspects of the food environment. Evidence on the nature and to what extent children are exposed and respond to unhealthy food environments in the region and among Latinos in the United States is, however, deficient. The objective of this review is to use the integrated International Network for Food and Obesity/noncommunicable diseases (NCDs) Research, Monitoring and Action Support (INFORMAS) framework to create healthy food environment to (i) compare the key elements of childhood obesity‐related food environments in Latin America and for Latinos living in the United States; (ii) describe the evidence on solutions to improve childhood obesity‐related food environments; and (iii) identify research priorities to inform solutions to fight childhood obesity in these populations. We found that an integrated body of evidence is needed to inform an optimal package of policies to improve food environments to which children in Latin America and Latino children in the United States are exposed and more efficiently translate policy solutions to help curb growing childhood obesity levels across borders.

Signed networks appear naturally in contexts where conflict or animosity is apparent. In this book chapter we review some of the literature on signed networks, especially in the context of partitioning. Most of the work is founded in what is known as structural balance theory. We cover the basic mathematical principles of structural balance theory. The theory yields a natural formulation for partitioning. We briefly compare this to other partitioning approaches based on community detection. Finally, we analyse an international network of alliances and conflicts and discuss the implications of our findings for structural balance theory.

In order to assess the development, approval and early introduction into clinical practice of biologics in the pediatric field, we herein describe the current status of the development to approval of biologics as anti-rheumatic agents for children in Japan, discuss the present problems and provide a proposal for the future. It has become apparent that the duration of the review period required for the preparation of clinical trials and Pharmaceuticals and Medical Devices Agency approval is clearly reduced compared with the past. Thus, it was speculated that a rate-limiting step in the process from development to approval was the duration of clinical trials from start to end. Hence, we focused on the following key words with regard to promotion of the development of biologics and their early practical use: "registry", "centralization", and "global cooperation", all of which are related to the reduction of duration of a clinical trial. In conclusion, to reduce the duration of a clinical trial, it is essential to complete a world-scale registry system by developing the registry system established by the Pediatric Rheumatology Association of Japan. The next step is then to carefully plan to participate in the international network using the world-scale registry system, and develop global cooperative trials in which we can ensure a sufficient number of entries from Japan.

Background & Aims Chronic hepatitis D (delta) is a major global health burden. Clinical and virological characteristics of patients with hepatitis D virus (HDV) infection and treatment approaches in different regions world-wide are poorly defined. Methods The Hepatitis Delta International Network (HDIN) registry was established in 2011 with centres in Europe, Asia, North- and South America. Here, we report on clinical/ virological characteristics of the first 1576 patients with ongoing or past HDV infection included in the database until October 2016 and performed a retrospective outcome analysis. The primary aim was to investigate if the region of origin was associated with HDV replication and clinical outcome. Results The majority of patients was male (n = 979, 62%) and the mean age was 36.7 years (range 1-79, with 9% of patients younger than 20 years). Most patients were HBeAg-negative (77%) and HDV-RNA positive (85%). Cirrhosis was reported in 48.7% of cases which included 13% of patients with previous or ongoing liver decompensation. Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) developed in 30 patients (2.5%) and 44 (3.6%) underwent liver transplantation. Regions of origin were independently associated with clinical endpoints and detectability of HDV RNA. Antiviral therapy was administered to 356 patients with different treatment uptakes in different regions. Of these, 264 patients were treated with interferon-a and 92 were treated with HBV-Nucs only. Conclusions The HDIN registry confirms the severity of hepatitis delta but also highlights the heterogeneity of patient characteristics and clinical outcomes in different regions. There is an urgent need for novel treatment options for HDV infection.

From International Network on Brief Interventions for Alcohol and Other Drugs (INEBRIA) Meeting 2013 Rome, Italy. 18-20 September 2013.

The Pasteur Institute is a French institution pursuing unabated research in biomedical sciences since its creation in 1888. The institute has undergone in-depth transformation while maintaining a triple orientation to research, teaching and applied sciences. The present International Pasteur Institutes network is composed of 32 centres scattered on the five continents, a powerful asset for its new function of surveillance of a global microbial world and contribution to Global Public Health. The Pastorian specificity is anchored in this long history and the esprit de corps of an international scientific community, sealed by an ethics in biomedical research that can conflict with the managerial transformations of the contemporary institution. Key Concepts The Pasteur Institute is a French centre of research in biomedical sciences. Its specificity lies in its strong link to its founder Louis Pasteur's doctrines and character. The International Pasteur Institute Network has developed branches all over the world. The present challenge for the network is to concile ethics of research and economic concerns. Keywords: Pasteur institute; international Pasteur institutes network; Global health; Pasteurian values; ethics in biomedical research

In a previous study, we have shown the added value of (1) H MRS for the neuroradiological characterisation of adult human brain tumours. In that study, several methods of MRS analysis were used, and a software program, the International Network for Pattern Recognition of Tumours Using Magnetic Resonance Decision Support System 1.0 (INTERPRET DSS 1.0), with a short-TE classifier, provided the best results. Since then, the DSS evolved into a version 2.0 that contains an additional long-TE classifier. This study has two objectives. First, to determine whether clinicians with no experience of spectroscopy are comparable with spectroscopists in the use of the system, when only minimum training in the use of the system was given. Second, to assess whether or not a version with another TE is better than the initial version. We undertook a second study with the same cases and nine evaluators to assess whether the diagnostic accuracy of DSS 2.0 was comparable with the values obtained with DSS 1.0. In the second study, the analysis protocol was flexible in comparison with the first one to mimic a clinical environment. In the present study, on average, each case required 5.4 min by neuroradiologists and 9 min by spectroscopists for evaluation. Most classes and superclasses of tumours gave the same results as with DSS 1.0, except for astrocytomas of World Health Organization (WHO) grade III, in which performance measured as the area under the curve (AUC) decreased: AUC = 0.87 (0.72-1.02) with DSS 1.0 and AUC = 0.62 (0.55-0.70) with DSS 2.0. When analysing the performance of radiologists and spectroscopists with respect to DSS 1.0, the results were the same for most classes. Having data with two TEs instead of one did not affect the results of the evaluation.

Objective To perform a systematic review for the development, geographical distribution, and subject classification of clinical practice guidelines (CPGs) for hypertension worldwide. Methods CPGs for the management of hypertension were identified through the searching of Ovid, EMbase, and Chinese electronic databases. Major guidelines websites such as NGC (National Guideline Clearinghouse), GIN (Guidelines International Network), NICE (National Institute for Health and Clinical Excellence) and CPGN (Clinical Practice Guideline Network), as well as Google Scholar were also screened for additional information. EndNote X3 and Excel 2007 were used for extracting and analyzing the data of included CPGs. Results A total of 375 hypertension CPGs were included, involving 6 continents, 33 countries, 4 regions, and 3 international organizations. The publication date ranged from the year of 1971 to 2012, with the number of CPGs increased year by year. The CPGs were mainly developed by North America, Europe, and Asia. Their subjects covered 3 categories and 11 sub-classes, which mainly focused on the management of adult hypertension (44.53%). Conclusion The number of CPGs varies in regions, countries, and academic organizations, with the development process differently. The regional disparity between the number CPGs and burden of hypertension were observed. The CPGs made a point of the management of adult hypertension.

The International Network of Obstetric Survey Systems (INOSS) is a multi-country collaboration formed to facilitate studies of uncommon and severe complications of pregnancy and childbirth. Collaborations such as INOSS offer many benefits in the study of rare complications. The use of uniform case definitions, common datasets, specifically collected detailed data and prospectively agreed comparative and combined analyses all add to the validity of studies and their utility to guide policy and clinical practice and hence improve the quality of care. Such multi-national collaborations allow for the conduct of robust studies less subject to many of the biases attributed to typical observational studies. For very rare conditions such collaborations may provide the only route to providing high quality evidence to guide practice. Clinicians and researchers conducting studies into rare and severe complications should consider working through a network such as INOSS to maximize the value of their research.

This commentary discusses the potential use of theoutputs from the International Network for Obesity/non-communicable diseases Research, Monitoring and ActionSupport (INFORMAS) (1) to support advocacy initiativesfor promoting public health. INFORMAS takes as its start-ing point the need for more evidence and information onthe nature of the food environment and on the developmentof stakeholders’ policies and actions that shape this envi-ronment. In this commentary, written by authors withexperience of public-interest advocacy organizations, wediscuss (i) the role of advocacy in the policy-makingprocess; (ii) the use of information by civil society advo-cates specifically seeking to influence the policy-makingprocess to improve public health nutrition outcomes and(iii) evaluation of advocacy activities in this area.

The issues of collection, storage, and use of cord blood (CB) stem cells have been addressed extensively in national and international guidelines, policies, and regulations. Many of these documents are not binding, but are nonetheless accorded considerable respect on account of the authority of the issuing organizations. Most discussion has to date focused on two topics: informed consent for collection, banking, and use and the debate between those who favor public storage for altruistic purposes and those who advocate private storage for autologous use. There is generally agreement or consensus in the guidelines that public storage for allogeneic transplants is preferable and that private storage should be discouraged. Given the consensus in national and international guidance on these two issues, it is time for other ethical issues to be examined in greater detail. These include additional uses of CB samples, for example, for research or for the production of blood-derived drugs, and the economic implications arising from the extensive international network for the exchange of CB for transplantation.

Please cite this paper as: Tayo A et al. (2012) Emerging point of care tests for influenza: innovation or status quo. Influenza and Other Respiratory Viruses 6(4), 291–298. Background Point of care tests (POCTs) for influenza potentially offer earlier diagnosis, enabling specific treatment, infection control measures and greater patient convenience and satisfaction. Current POCTs have limited sensitivity, some cannot distinguish influenza types, none differentiate subtypes and are relatively expensive. Aims To identify and characterise influenza POCTs expected to be available for clinical use in the UK by mid-2013, highlighting those with potential benefits over existing tests. Methods Potential developers of influenza POCTs were identified through known manufacturers’ websites, Medical Technology trade associations, the EuroScan International Network, an expert advisory group and by searching relevant online sources. Identified companies were asked to provide standard information on relevant technologies. Results Fifty-six companies were identified, and 29 (52%) responded, identifying 57 potentially relevant technologies. Of these, 40 (70%) were already available or had undetermined status and 5 (9%) were excluded as time to results took over 60 minutes. Of the remaining 12 emerging POCTs, 10 (83%) reportedly enabled differentiation of influenza types and eight differentiation of A subtypes. Nasopharyngeal swabs were the most commonly acceptable sample type; the sample volume ranging from 80 μl to 1·4 ml. Discussion Most identified emerging influenza POCTs offered differentiation of influenza type and subtype. Tests claiming this capability include several incorporating reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction assays; though, these also had the longest time to result. However, whilst some identified POCTs exhibit high sensitivity and specificity, most lack published clinical data for assessment, and the overall costs of these technologies remains largely unknown.

Background and Aim: Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is the third most common reason for cancer-related death worldwide. Many countries either lack appropriate clinical practice guidelines for the diagnosis and treatment of HCC or the quality of their guidelines has never been evaluated. The main objective of our work was to identify published HCC guidelines and assess their quality with the Appraisal of Guidelines for Research and Evaluation instrument (AGREE) and their suitability regarding adaptation for future guidelines. Methods: We performed a systematic literature search on HCC clinical practice guidelines of MEDLINE, National Guidelines Clearinghouse and the Guidelines International Network. Methodological quality of selected guidelines was assessed by the AGREE instrument, Version 2001. Results: A total of 286 citations were screened and 32 relevant guidelines were identified. Overall, the guidelines performed well in the clarity and presentation domain with a mean score of 67%, followed by scope and purpose (55%) and rigor of development (50%). In contrast, poor scores were given for the remaining domains: stakeholder involvement (23%), applicability (28%) and editorial independence (31%). According to the AGREE instrument, four guidelines can be strongly recommended, 18 with provisos and alterations while the remaining cannot be recommended for adaptation due to poor methodological quality. Conclusion: Although existing HCC guidelines may accurately reflect agreed clinical practice, many guidelines lack proper methodological quality. Future guidelines should place more emphasis on these methodological shortcomings.

The yearly Geneva Conferences on Person-centered Medicine started in May 2008 as a collaborative effort of global medical and health organizations and committed clinicians and scholars to place the whole person at the centre of medicine and health care. They were informed by the traditions of great ancient civilizations and recent developments in clinical care and public health. The process of the Geneva Conferences led to the development of the International Network for Person-centered Medicine as a non-for-profit institution aimed at organizing future editions of the Geneva Conference and building person-centred medicine as a paradigmatic repriorizing of the medical and health fields in collaboration inter alia with the World Medical Association, the World Health Organization and the World Organization of Family Doctors.

About the year 1552, the celebrated mid-Tudor author William Baldwin released Wonderfull Newes of the Death of Paul the III, his translation of a satirical and scandalous account of Pope Paul III's supposed arrival in hell. For over a century, influential Anglophone scholars and bibliographers have ascribed the original of Baldwin's work, the anonymous Epistola de morte Pauli tertii (1549), to the Lutheran reformer, Matthias Flacius, who was based in Germany. This article challenges that attribution, showing that there is no evidence for Flacius’ authorship. Instead, it locates the Epistola in a community of Italian religious exiles publishing in Basel and identifies the fiercely anti-papal polemicist Pier Paolo Vergerio as the most likely author. In reopening the authorship question, the essay examines the motives behind the creation of this work and shows how Renaissance anti-papalism traversed confessional and geographical boundaries. The conclusion traces the intricate international network through which this topical Italian satire probably reached William Baldwin, whose translation became one of the most daring texts of the earlier Tudor period.

Cochrane Collaboration Forms New Nursing Care Network The Cochrane Collaboration is an international nonpro¢t organization dedicated to increasing access to high-quality evidence on the effects of health care treatments. In the spring of 2009, the Cochrane Collaboration created a new international network speci¢c to the ¢eld of nursing, bringing the total number of Cochrane networks to 16. Cochrane networks are interest groups that provide support for the development and uptake of systematic reviews relevant to a speci¢c ¢eld of health care or clinical area. The Cochrane Nursing Care Network (CNCN) is coordinated by a central team at the Joanna Briggs Institute of the University of Adelaide, Australia. Five ‘‘nodes’’ spread around the globe each take primary responsibility for a different aspect of the Network’s overall mission to improve health outcomes of nursing care, and seven regional spokes translate and carry forward the work of the CNCN in their area of the world.

This session was devoted to findings from an international network of long-term forest dynamics plots, providing some of the first comparisons between the tropical and temperate study areas. Whereas most ecologists recognize the importance of long-term research (Callahan 1984, Likens 1989, Magnuson 1990, Hobbie et al. 2003, and others), large-scale projects like this one are rare. The global network of forest dynamics plots has expanded since its origin in the early 1980s, yet research at the plots has remained integrated due to a combination of individual scientists’ efforts and institutional commitments from the Center for Tropical Forest Science (CTFS, ‹www.ctfs.si.edu› of the Smithsonian Tropical Research Institute and the Arnold Arboretum of Harvard University (Hubbell and Foster 1983, Condit 1995). Today, 26 large plots have been established in tropical or subtropical forests of Central and South America, Africa, Asia, and Oceania, along with 8 recently added temperate forest plots. A standard protocol (Condit 1998) is followed at all sites, including the marking, mapping, and measuring of all trees and shrubs with stem diameters ≥1 cm.

Amylose content is a parameter that correlates with the cooking behavior of rice. It is measured at the earliest possible stages of rice improvement programs to enable breeders to build the foundations of appropriate grain quality during cultivar development. Amylose is usually quantified by absorbance of the amylose-iodine complex. The International Network for Quality Rice (INQR) conducted a survey to determine ways that amylose is measured, reproducibility between laboratories, and sources of variation. Each laboratory measured the amylose content of a set of 17 cultivars of rice. The study shows that five different versions of the iodine binding method are in use. The data show that repeatability was high within laboratories but reproducibility between laboratories was low. The major sources of variability were the way the standard curve was constructed and the iodine binding capacity of the potato amylose used to produce the standard. Reproducibility is much lower between laboratories using a standard curve of potato amylose alone compared with those using calibrated rice cultivars. This study highlights the need to standardize the way amylose is measured, and presents research avenues for doing so.

Based on knowledge theories, this study examines the impact of client-following and market-seeking entry strategies on foreign market entry by firms. The article also explores the subsequent development of knowledge in firms. Using data from 116 firms, we test three hypotheses using logistic regression. Our hypotheses are supported in the data. Our analysis shows that significant differences exist between client-following firms and market-seeking firms. Client followers are both supported and trapped by their international network, whereas market seekers, though not supported, are much freer to pursue higher-order learning. Due to differences in their network ties, these two types of firms learn at different speeds and learn different things. We also found that firms with proactive knowledge-seeking strategies learn more. Thus, learning strategies have consequences for exploration and exploitation of international markets, what is learned and how much is learned, and proactive internationalization strategies for firms. © 2009 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.

A number of issues and challenges in doctoral nursing education were presented at the biennial meeting of the International Network for Doctoral Education in Nursing in June 2007. The themes addressed included: global health workforce shortages and the aging of the nursing workforce; the need for more nursing doctoral programs; strengthening of the research training in doctoral programs, and the need for increased involvement of nurse leaders in the health and social policy arena.

The Inter-Academy Panel (IAP) is critical about the scarce support to mother–child health (MCH) research in developing countries. At the request of the IAP, a group of members of the French and Swedish Academies of Science have arrived at the conclusion that an efficient network between scientists in resource-poor and industrialized countries will facilitate MCH research in developing countries. The priorities for such a network have been listed as follows: The present organization for the MCH website at the Pasteur Institute in Paris should be adapted to better promote collaboration between scientists from industrialized and developing countries. To provide short-term courses for young scientists from developing countries in the design of research protocols, and in the writing of scientific reports and manuscripts. To organize workshops on various topics of relevance for MCH in developing countries in order to create new research networks for scientific collaboration between industrialized and resource-poor countries. To establish collaboration between non-governmental organizations (NGOs) that support MCH research in developing countries. Topics for such collaborative studies and the way in which they may be performed are summarized.

The article presents an introduction to a symposium on public governance. The contributors to this symposium are participants in an expanding international network of researchers investigating such questions of public governance and public management using the theories, models, methods, and data of the social and behavioral sciences. The varied conceptions of public governance evident in recent literature may result from the fact that the public governance debate has emerged from a weakened position of the state.

The “MOnitoring NEtwork of Telescopes” (MONET) consists of two 1.2-m imaging telescopes funded by the Alfried Krupp von Bohlen und Halbach Foundation and the Georg-August-Universitat Gottingen and will be operated by the McDonald Observatory in West Texas and the South African Astronomical Observatory at Sutherland. Scheduled to go into full operation in 2005, it will be used to perform a variety of monitoring and survey observations over the whole sky, to aid observations by satellites and 10m-class telescopes like the VLT, HET and SALT telescopes, and will be available to participating school classes all over the world. Through our development and use of Remote Telescope Markup Language (RTML), MONET should be one of the kernels of a growing international network of heterogeneous telescopes. (© 2004 WILEY-VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)

This report highlights some recent contributions to network optimization based on papers presented at the first International Network Optimization Conference (INOC'2003) held in Evry-Paris, France. © 2004 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. NETWORKS, Vol. 44(1), 27–30 2004

Summary The ‘International Network for Young Researchers in Male Fertility’ has now turned 6 years old and offers a platform that stimulates scientific exchange as well as the development of international cooperation for young researchers. We report on our scope and the exciting achievements, amongst others, the continually increasing number of participants and the growing success of our annual meetings.

This paper presents a number of interim results of a survey that, on the basis of a case study, establishes links between conditions in various countries and steering the management of an international network. It shows that the impact of factors in other countries on the network can largely be controlled from within an organization.

We are honored to be the guest editors for this special issue centered on work in the tradition of Anselm Strauss. Because afestsclwift for Anselm with papers by most of his close colleagues and students was already published (Maines 1991). we have devoted this special issue to work by the “next generation” of interactionists working with Straussian approaches. The one exception is the paper by Isabelle Baszanger, who edited a volume of Anselm’s collected papers in French (Baszanger 1992a). Because she provides such an insightful and provocative overview of Anselm’s scholarly work, Baszanger’s introductory paper for that volume appears here in English.’ This allows us as editors to dwell instead on Anselm’s contributions to life itself as teacher, advisor, and friend. Both of us were Anselm’s students during the early 1980s. And, for both of us. finding Anselm and his work was an intellectual homecoming, a long-awaited coming in from the academic cold. We know many others have shared this intense and life-shaping experience, many without ever having met the truly exceptional man who was Anselm Strauss. Some of their papers are included here. We know, too, that for those who did meet him, a fundamental part of this was meeting Fran Strauss--often the smiling person opening the door to a new world. Their lives together were team efforts always, and the wholes were always considerably greater than the sum of the parts. Before we introduce the papers in this special issue, we want to briefly comment on the breadth of Anselm’s connections and the wide international network he and Fran created and maintained down to the last moments of his life, which Fran nurtures still. Ans’elm was an exceptionally generative teacher and colleague. His was an intellectual generosity, always available-his own poor health permitting. He relished helping people who were stuck in their work-especially with their (often belated) analysis of (too much) data, often collected without following the first precept of grounded theory: start analyzing immediately!

Young adults (N = 171) first judged the extent to which 13 stereotyped images of grandparents typified their perceptions of their own closest grandparent and then judged the extent to which they believed the average other viewed these same stereotypes as characteristic of his or her closest grandparent. Compared to those whose relationships with their closest grandparent were emotionally distant, participants who felt close to their closest grandparent reported significantly more favorable own grandparent attitudes. In addition, stereotypes that portrayed the grandparent as loving and supportive were especially diagnostic of the emotional quality of respondents’ relationships with their closest grandparents. Comparing judgments of own grandparents with judgments of the average other’s grandparent, there was no evidence of own-grandparent superiority among not-close participants’ responses. In contrast, close participants demonstrated own-grandparent superiority in their judgments of negative, but not positive, stereotypes. The present study examined young adults’ evaluations of a number of popular stereotypes about grandparents and the extent to which these stereotypes captured their views of their own and the average other’s closest grandparent. We had two main objectives in collecting these data. First, we hoped to determine whether certain images of grandparents are more typical of the The research discussed in this article is based on the second author’s undergraduate honors thesis. Portions of the article were presented at the meeting of the Canadian Psychological Association in Penticton, British Columbia, Canada, June 29-July 2, 1994, and the meeting of the International Network on Personal Relationships in Williamsburg, Virginia, June 1-5, 1995.

The history of clinical marrow transplantation since 1968 is reviewed with an emphasis on immunological and immunogenetic aspects. The events leading to the creation of an international network of volunteer donor registries and the implementation of unrelated allogeneic marrow transplantation as a routine procedure are discussed. Current major issues which need to be resolved are addressed in order to set the stage for the topics covered in this volume of Immunological Reviews.

Summary The Internet is a network of computers that allows rapid transfer of information throughout the world. The number of medical, and particularly anaesthetic, resources is rapidly increasing. This article briefly describes the Internet and its features which may be of interest to anaesthetists and intensivists in the United Kingdom, together with some of the tools for working with them.

In the coming century, the vitality and productivity of U.S. manufacturing will depend on the ability of corporations to compete successfully in rapidly changing global markets. Thus, a well-planned infrastructure comprising the best in storage, transportation, telecommunications, and a host of commercial support services will have to be in place to bolster agile manufacturing This article examines the types of infrastructure needed to support agile manufacturing by describing the North Carolina Global TransPark (GTP), a prototype project that combines all the systems that firms need to become more competitive in international markets. GTP is expected to be part of an exciting international network of 21st-century manufacturing and transport complexes that ultimately will change the way U.S. companies compete in global markets.

Steering group and champions The steering group consist of 17 members with representation from the USA, United Kingdom, Europe, Australia, New Zealand and South Africa. INDANA has four prominent international champions, namely Prof. Susan Prescott (Australia), Prof Gideon Lack (UK), Prof Steve Taylor (USA) and Prof Hugh Sampson (USA), who are supporting INDANA activities in the wider community of international allergy practice,.

Our knowledge of the structure and functioning of terrestrial ecosystems on a global scale is not developed to a sufficient degree to understand-much less predict-the consequences of climate change either on the systems themselves or on subsequent atmospheric interactions. In many regards we have lagged behind the atmospheric scientists, and to a certain degree the oceanographers, in establishing a global understanding of the dynamics of our respective systems. This is due in part to the inherently greater complexity of biotic systems, but also to the lack of appropriate tools to measure regional biotic processes. These tools are now becoming available and with them a better understanding of terrestrial and atmospheric interactions. Even as these capabilities become a reality we must be realistic in recognizing that we have so far to go along the road to understanding that useful predictive capacity may elude us for a long time to come. What we need to do is act on the recommendations that have been emerging over the past few years and develop a global program to document more precisely the distribution, structure, and quantity of the earth's biotic systems, their principal functional properties, and-most difficult of all-their changing nature. In order to do this we will have to: (1) perfect some of the emerging new tools for assessing these properties, (2) fill some of the gaps in our knowledge about the relevant processes, and (3) establish an international network of long-term observations and large-scale ecosystem manipulations. We have been aware of these needs and shortcomings for some time and we must move from plans to concerted international action.

The Hydrological Operational Multipurpose Subprogramme (HOMS) scheme of the World Meteorological Organization (WMO) consists of an international network for the transfer of packages of proven hydrological know-how, with particular emphasis on helping developing countries. More than one hundred HOMS centres worldwide produce and supply information components and handle requests for components for use in their own countries. Details are presented of the organization and operation of HOMS, together with example case studies to illustrate its successful use.

The International Network of Centres of Research on Psychology in the Third World-which is a special project of the IUPsyS and now renamed the International Network of Psychology and the Developing Worki-has prepared a Directory of psychologists interested in psychological studies of problems of developing countries. It contains 259 detailed entries and a supplementary list of 168 names and addresses covering 46 countries. Anyone interested in obtaining a copy of the Directory should send US$4.00, or its equivalent in Indian Rupees (Rs. 120.00). to the Coordinator (at the address below) to cover the actual cost and airmail postage