Search

What's known on the subject? and What does the study add? Extracorporeal shockwave lithotripsy is effective for the treatment of paediatric renal stones with favourable short-term safety. Extracorporeal shockwave lithotripsy for treatment of paediatric renal stones is also safe for the kidney and the child on long-term follow-up. Objective To evaluate the long-term effects of extracoporeal shockwave lithotripsy (SWL) for treatment of renal stones in paediatric patients. Patients and Methods A database of paediatric patients who underwent SWL monotherapy for treatment of renal stones from September 1990 through to January 2009 was compiled. This study included only patients with follow-up for more than 2 years. The long-term effects of SWL were evaluated at the last follow-up with measurement of patients' arterial blood pressure, estimation of random blood sugar and urine analysis. The results of diastolic blood pressure were plotted against a standardized age reference curve. The treated kidney was examined by ultrasonography for measurement of renal length and detection of stones. The measured renal lengths were plotted against age-calculated normal renal lengths in healthy individuals. Results The study included 70 patients (44 boys (63%) and 26 girls) with mean age at the time of SWL 6.5 ± 3.6 years (range 1–14). The mean follow-up period was 5.2 ± 3.6 years (range 2.1–17.5). The mean age at last follow-up was 11.7 ± 5.3 years (range 4.4–27.5). No patients developed hypertension or diabetes. Only one treated kidney was smaller than one standard deviation of the calculated length. The cause of this was obstruction by a stone in the pelvic ureter 3 years after SWL. Conclusion The long-term follow-up after SWL for treatment of renal stones in paediatric patients showed no effect on renal growth and no development of hypertension or diabetes.

OBJECTIVE To evaluate the role of multiphasic helical computed tomography (CT) in planning surgical treatment for pelvi-ureteric junction obstruction (PUJO). PATIENTS AND METHODS Multiphasic helical CT was used in 60 consecutive patients (mean age 32 years, sd 13.72) with primary PUJO. The different images were interpreted before surgery by a urologist and radiologist. The number, type and relation of the crossing vessels to the PUJ were detected. Pyeloplasty (open or laparoscopic) was used in patients where there was a significant crossing vessel (i.e. > 2 mm in diameter and passing at the PUJ) or with ballooning of the renal pelvis. Endopyelotomy (antegrade or retrograde) was used in the other patients. Subjective and objective success rates were determined 3–6 months after treatment and then every 6 months. RESULTS Hyperdense renal stones were detected in precontrast images in 15 patients, significant crossing vessels in 33 (55%), and anterior malrotation of the renal pelvis in 23 (38%; 19 associated with significant crossing vessels, i.e. ureterovascular hydronephrosis). A large para-pelvic cyst compressing the PUJ and upper ureter was detected in one patient. Pyeloplasty was used in 45 patients, among whom the sensitivity of multiphasic helical CT in detecting crossing vessels was 97%, the specificity 92% and accuracy 96%. Uncomplicated endopyelotomy was used in 14 patients and percutaneous aspiration of the para-pelvic cyst in one. CONCLUSION Multiphasic helical CT can accurately delineate the spatial anatomy of the renal and peri-renal area; it may be important in planning surgical treatment for PUJO, especially when endopyelotomy is considered.

Objective To describe the technique and report our experience of laparoscopic nephrectomy. Patients and methods Between August 1992 and December 1993, 106 patients underwent laparoscopic nephrectomy at the Mansoura Urology and Nephrology Center. Results Of the 106 patients, laparoscopic nephrectomy was performed successfully in 97 cases. Conversion to an open procedure was necessary in the remainingnine patients. Conclusion For a selected group of patients, laparoscopicnephrectomy is a feasible and safe technique. The length of hospital stay and convalescence is short and return to work is rapid.

OBJECTIVE • To study long-term results of percutaneous nephrolithotomy (PNL) for treatment of staghorn stones. PATIENTS AND METHODS • The records of patients who underwent PNL for staghorn stones between January 1998 and January 2008 were retrospectively reviewed. • Patients who completed follow-up for one year or more were included. Follow-up with KUB and renal ultrasonography were performed every 3-6 months. • Renal radioisotopic scan was performed for patients who had already undergone this study before doing PNL. RESULTS • The study included 122 patients (69 male and 53 female) with mean age 47.6 ± 14.5 years (5-74). They underwent 126 PNL. • Perioperative complications were encountered in 28 procedures (22%). The mean period of follow-up was 3.5 ± 2.3 years (1-11.3). Among 71 stone-free kidneys, 18 (25%) developed stone recurrence. Of 55 kidneys with residuals at the start of follow-up, 36 (65%) showed growth of these residuals. • Preoperative and postoperative renograms were performed for 71 patients. • At the last follow-up, differential GFR was stable in 53 (74.5%), improved in 12 (17%) and deteriorated in 6 (8.5%). Among patients with deteriorated renal function, 3 had undergone embolization to control severe bleeding, one developed secondary UPJO, and one had recurrent stone obstructing the kidney. CONCLUSION • Long-term functional results of PNL for staghorn stones are satisfactory as 91.5% of kidneys showed stable or improved GFR. Long-term follow-up is mandatory especially for patients with residual stones.