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Objective Fibular length is important for ankle stability. Failure to adequately restore and stabilize fibula length may result in malunion, hindering postoperative functional exercises and recovery of ankle function. However, there is no unified and effective reduction method for fibular shortening in Maisonneuve fractures. In this study, we introduce the biplane reduction as an effective surgical technique for restoring the length of the fibula in Maisonneuve fractures. Methods This retrospective study enrolled 12 patients preoperatively diagnosed with Maisonneuve fractures between June 2019 and June 2022. All patients underwent our biplane reduction technique to restore the length of their fibula. Operation time, hospital stay, complications, FTA (the angle between the fibular tip and the superior articular surface of the talus), visual analog pain score, and the American Orthopaedic Foot and Ankle Society ankle‐hindfoot score were recorded. An independent sample t‐test was used for component comparisons, and a paired sample t‐test or one‐way analysis of variance was used for intra‐group comparisons. Results No patient was lost to follow‐up and no obvious postoperative complications were observed. After operation, FTA recovered from 37.52 ± 0.37 ° to 40.42 ± 0.43 °, which was significantly improved compared with that before operation (p

Abstract Chirality and luminescence are important for both chemistry and biology, which are highly influenced by aggregation. In this work, a pair of metalated tetraphenylethylene(TPE)‐based organic cage enantiomers are reported, which feature a quadrangular prismatic cage structure. These homochiral cages exhibit concentration‐dependent chiral behaviors alongside a propensity for thermodynamic aggregation. Aggregation caused quench effect is found for these cages accompanying the increasing of the concentrations. When a poor solvent is added to produce a kinetical aggregation, the aggregation‐annihilation circular dichroism and aggregation‐induced emission behaviors are observed for these enantiomeric cages. By comparing these observations with the photophysical behaviors of a pair of structurally similar organic molecular enantiomers, the unique photophysical properties observed are intricately linked to the metal‐integrated TPE‐functionalized cage structures.

Abstract Efficient topical drug delivery remains a significant challenge in glaucoma management. Although nanoparticle formulations offer considerable promise, their complex preparation processes, co‐delivery issues, and batch consistency have hindered their potential. A scalable fabrication strategy is developed here for preparing solid drug nanoparticles (SDNs) with enhanced drug delivery efficiency. Utilizing hydrophobic antiglaucoma drugs brimonidine (BM) and betaxolol (BX), uniform fixed combination BM/BX SDNs are fabricated through a continuous process, improving batch‐to‐batch consistency for combined glaucoma treatment. With trehalose being used as a lyoprotectant, BM/BX SDNs can be stored as dry powder and easily reconstituted in phosphate buffered saline. Importantly, reconstituted BM/BX SDNs form clear, homogenous solutions, and exhibit negligible cytotoxicity and irritation, making them well‐suited for topical administration as eyedrops. Ex vivo and in vivo studies demonstrated that topically applied BM/BX SDNs permeate through the cornea significantly (about two fold to three fold) compared to their hydrophilic counterparts, i.e., brimonidine tartrate, and betaxolol hydrogen chloride. Notably, BM/BX SDNs displayed consistent intraocular pressure lowering effects in vivo in both normotensive rats and glaucoma mice. Collectively, this study demonstrates the potential of the scalable fabrication strategy and the resultant BM/BX SDNs for improving glaucoma management through eyedrops.

Abstract Using a sample of 124 countries assisted by China from 2000 to 2019, this paper examines the impact of foreign aid on outward foreign direct investment (OFDI) and the mitigation mechanism of risk. The research finds that, first, foreign aid can significantly reduce the country risk of recipient countries, especially political risk and financial risk, and thus play a role in promoting the inflow of OFDI of donor countries, and there is a lagged effect of this role; Second, foreign aid from other countries has a negative impact on China's OFDI to recipient countries, indicating that foreign aid is nonaltruistic and exclusive; Third, the mitigation effect of foreign aid on country risk is achieved through five channels: compensation effect, synergistic effect, pioneer effect, assimilation effect, and redistribution effects.

Abstract Airborne mineral dust is sensitive to climatic changes, but its response to orbital forcing is still not fully understood. Here, we present a reconstruction of dust input to the Subarctic Pacific Ocean covering the past 190 kyr. The dust composition record is indicative of source moisture conditions, which were dominated by precessional variations. In contrast, the dust flux record is dominated by obliquity variations and displays an out‐of‐phase relationship with a dust record from the mid‐latitude North Pacific Ocean. Climate model simulations suggest precession likely drove changes in the aridity and extent of dust source regions. Additionally, the obliquity variations in dust flux can be explained by meridional shifts in the North Pacific westerly jet, driven by changes in the meridional atmospheric temperature gradient. Overall, our findings suggest that North Pacific dust input was primarily modulated by orbital‐controlled source aridity and the strength and position of the westerly winds.

Abstract Although ordinary human mobility has been extensively studied, anomalous human mobility during emergencies or mass events is not sufficiently understood. The recently proposed vector field approach has shed light on human mobility studies. Here, the authors improve it to analyze anomalous human mobility in mass events. Specifically, the authors develop the anomalous field, the source field, and the dispersion field to identify the crowd gathering location, the start time, and the end time of anomalous human mobility. In addition, the authors propose the decay coefficient and the maximum distance to quantify the influence degree and scope of a mass event. The present approach can be used to capture the spatiotemporal characteristics of human mobility in mass events.

Objective The distal tibiofibular syndesmosis (DTS) is a fretting joint and it is still a hot issue how to satisfy strong internal fixation while allowing fretting. This study described and evaluated a new method for elastic fixation of DTS injury with Nice Knot. Methods The study was designed as a retrospective study. Between June 2020 and June 2021, 31 patients who were diagnosed with ankle fracture and DTS injury without additional orthopedic injuries were enrolled in this case series. The study included 22 males and nine females, with an average age of 34.71 ± 14.66 years. All patients were treated with Nice Knot binding for DTS. Surgical time, length of stay, time of DTS fixation, total weight‐bearing time, complications, imaging parameters, and functional scores at follow‐up were recorded. Paired sample t‐tests or single factor analyses of variance were used at intra‐group comparison. Results All patients completed surgery with normal syndesmotic parameters. The recovery of DTS injury was verified by Hook and lateral malleolus rotation tests. The average follow‐up time was 15.97 ± 3.30 months. Only one case showed superficial infection after surgery, and the wound healed after symptomatic treatment. In terms of imaging, there were no significant differences in tibiofibular clear space (TFCS), tibiofibular overlap distance (TFOS), medial clear space (MCS), and superior clear space (SCS) immediately and at different follow‐up points after surgery. All obtained excellent and good outcomes according to the AOFAS score at least follow‐up after surgery. Conclusions Nice Knot elastic fixation of DTS injury is firm and stable while maintaining the physiological micromotion of the ankle joint.

Abstract Due to high structural flexibility, multidrug carrying capability, and tunable size, dendrimers have been used as suitable carriers for ophthalmic drug delivery. Drug molecules can be either encapsulated or chemically coupled to dendrimers. The nanoscopic size, spheroidal shape, and cationic surface of polyamidoamine (PAMAM) dendrimers promote their interaction with the cornea and result in prolonged precorneal retention. Dendrimers could be further cross‐linked to produce three‐dimensional hydrogel networks or dendrimer hydrogels (DH). The properties of the DH can be readily adjusted to maintain both fluidity and adhesiveness, making them suitable for developing topical ocular drug formulations. Micro‐/nano‐ sized DHs, that is, dendrimer micro‐/nano‐ gels, have unique properties such as ease of administration, large specific surface area for adhesion, and drug targeting functionalities, making them attractive for ophthalmic drug delivery. This perspective reports advances in PAMAM dendrimer based drug delivery systems including drug conjugates and micro‐ and nano‐ gels to enhance and sustain the delivery of multiple anti‐glaucoma drugs, Dendrimer and dendrimer gel‐derived drug delivery systems hold great potential as multifunctional topical drug delivery systems for the eye.

Abstract Extracted cancer cell membrane carries the antigens of the parent tumor cell. This autologous antigen repertoire presents cancer cell membrane‐derived nanoparticles highly immunogenic to the body's immune system. Cancer cell membrane‐derived nanoparticles antigenically recapitulate the parental cancer cells and can be exploited to induce immune response reactive with tumor‐associated antigens (TAAs). The use of the cancer cell membrane‐derived nanoparticles to deliver immunostimulatory adjuvants facilitates the cross‐presentation of tumor antigens by antigen‐presenting cells and their costimulation, triggering potent antigen‐specific T responses to eliminate established tumors. These nanoparticles can be engineered to carry immunostimulatory signals to facilitate the cross‐presentation of TAAs and the induction of potent antitumor immunity. In this study, cancer cell membrane‐based vesicles (CCMVs) are prepared from B16 melanoma cells and engineered to deliver the immunological agent polyinosinic:polycytidylic acid (poly‐IC). We show that CCMV is preferentially uptaken by bone marrow‐derived dendritic cells (BMDCs) as compared to other cell types (macrophages, fibroblasts). The efficient delivery of poly‐IC to BMDCs results in enhanced antigen cross‐presenting capability of BMDCs and T‐cell activation. Additionally, immunization of mice with poly‐IC‐carrying CCMV elicits a potent antitumor immune response. In conclusion, poly‐IC‐decorated tumor‐derived CCMV may be used as a therapeutic vaccine to potentiate antitumor immunity.