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Este articulo estudia las diferencias de genero en la evaluacion de articulos enviados a conferencias de economia. Utilizando datos del Congreso Anual de la Asociacion Europea de Economia (2015-2017), el Simposio Anual de la Asociacion Espanola de Economia (2012-2017) y la Reunion Anual de la Asociacion de Jovenes Economistas (2017), encontramos que la probabilidad de que sean aceptados los articulos escritos exclusivamente por mujeres es 3,2 puntos porcentuales (6,8 %) menor que la de que sean aceptados los escritos unicamente por hombres. Esta brecha esta presente despues de controlar por: i) numero de autores; ii) efectos fijos de evaluador; iii) area de investigacion; iv) numero de citas del documento en el ano de la solicitud; v) numero de publicaciones previas de los autores, y vi) calidad de las afiliaciones de los autores. Tambien encontramos que la brecha se debe en su totalidad a las evaluaciones realizadas por hombres: las evaluadoras mujeres dan una puntuacion similar a los articulos escritos por hombres o por mujeres, pero los evaluadores hombres son mas favorables a los articulos escritos por hombres.

In this paper we consider estimation of nonlinear panel data models that include multiple individual fixed effects. Estimation of these models is complicated both by the difficulty of estimating models with possibly thousands of coefficients and also by the incidental parameters problem; that is, noisy estimates of the fixed effects when the time dimension is short contaminate the estimates of the common parameters due to the nonlinearity of the problem. We propose a simple variation of existing bias-corrected estimators, which can exploit the additivity of the effects for numerical optimization. We exhibit the performance of the estimators in simulations.

Summary: Increasing the eco-efficiency of fishing fleets is currently a major target issue in the seafood sector. This objective has been influenced in recent years by soaring fuel prices, a fact particularly relevant to a sector whose vessels present high energy consumption rates. Efforts to minimize fuel consumption in fishing fleets result in economic benefits and also in important reductions regarding environmental impacts. In this article, we combine life cycle assessment (LCA) and data envelopment analysis (DEA) to jointly discuss the operational and environmental performances of a set of multiple, similar entities. We applied the "five-step LCA + DEA method" to a wide range of vessels for selected Galician fisheries, including deep-sea, offshore, and coastal fleets. The environmental consequences of operational inefficiencies were quantified and target performance values benchmarked for inefficient vessels. We assessed the potential environmental performance of target vessels to verify eco-efficiency criteria (lower input consumption levels, lower environmental impacts). Results revealed the strong dependence of environmental impacts on one major operational input: fuel consumption. The most intensive fuel-consuming fleets, such as deep sea trawling, were found to entail the diesel consumption levels nearest to the efficiency values. Despite the reduced environmental contributions linked to other operational inputs, such as hull material, antifouling paint, or nets, these may contribute to substantial economic savings when minimized. Finally, given that Galicia is a major fishing region, many of the conclusions and perspectives obtained in this study may be extrapolated to other fishing fleets at the international level. © 2011 by Yale University.

Summary The pulp industry plays an important role in the structure of the European economy and society. The production of pulp has been traditionally considered an important source of pollution due to the use of large amounts of chemicals, fuels, and water and its intensive energy consumption. Currently, this situation is changing due to the potential use of biomass to produce value-added products, which minimizes environmental impacts and increases sustainability. This article uses life cycle assessment (LCA) to identify and quantify the environmental impacts associated with a Swedish softwood-based biorefinery where total chlorine-free (TCF) dissolving cellulose is produced together with ethanol and lignosulfonates. The system was defined according to a cradle-to-gate perspective—that is to say, from forest activities to the output of the biorefinery mill. According to the results, forest activities associated with the production of soft roundwood play a minor role in all the environmental impact categories under study. In contrast, the production of chemicals consumed in the cooking and bleaching stages, the sludge treatment generated in the wastewater treatment plant, and the on-site energy production system were identified as the elements that negatively contribute the most to all impact categories. The production of steam from biorefinery wastes, biogas, and methanol in external boilers reduces the environmental impact in all categories. Specific actions associated with the reuse of wastes and improved gas treatment systems would improve the environmental profile of this production activity.