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Glioma is a common and fatal primary malignant tumor of the central nervous system, and its prognosis is poor. To determine the susceptibility markers of gliomas in Chinese population we conducted a genome-wide association study (GWAS) of glioma in the Han Chinese population, with a total of 485 glioma cases and 485 controls. Genotyping was conducted using the Applied Biosystems Axiom Precision Medicine Diversity Array. Besides, we carried out imputation using IMPUTE 2.0 software, and the 1000 Genomes Phase 3 was used as the reference panel. The logistic regression model was used to analyze the association of each SNP with glioma risk, assuming an additive genetic model, which was implemented in PLINK version 1.9. Odds ratio (OR) and 95% confidence interval (CI) were estimated from logistic regression analysis with adjustment for age and gender. The results revealed that the SNP (rs688755) in the exon region of CYP4F12 at 19p13.12 reached genome-wide significance associated with gliomas (P = 2.35 × 10-8 , OR = 3.55, 95% CI = 2.20-5.74). Our findings provide deeper insight into the genetic contribution to glioma in different populations.

Hippocampus has attracted the attention of the neuroscientists for its involvement in a wide spectrum of higher-order brain functions and pathological conditions, especially its persistent neurogenesis in subgranular zone (SGZ). The development of hippocampus was intensively investigated on animals such as rodents. However, in prenatal human hippocampus, little information on the distribution of neural stem/progenitor cells, newly generated neurons and mature neurons is available and the timetable of a series of neurogenesis event is even more obscure. So in the present study, we aim at immunohistochemically providing more information on neurogenesis in prenatal human hippocampus from 9 weeks to 32 weeks of gestation. We found that the ki67-positive cells were always detected in hippocampus from 9 weeks to 32 weeks, with a peak at 9 weeks in cornu ammonis (CA) or 14 weeks in dentate gyrus (DG). At 9 weeks the nestin-expressing cells were distributed throughout the hippocampus, with concentrated immunoreactivity in intermediate zone (IZ), marginal zone (MZ), fimbria, and relatively sparse immunoreactivity in the ventricular zone (VZ) and hippocampal plate (HP). With development, the optical density (OD) and the number of nestin-positive cells decreased gradually. At 32 weeks, there were relatively more nestin-positive cells in DG than that in CA. About DCX-positive cells, they displayed a similar distribution as nestin-positive cells (immunoreactivity concentrated in IZ, MZ, fimbria and HP) and a dramatic decrease of OD or cell number density from 9 weeks on. NeuN-positive cells, with small nuclei, were firstly found in MZ and subplate of hippocampus at 9 weeks. After 14 weeks, many NeuN-positive cells extended from subplate into HP and the density of NeuN-positive cells peaked at 22 weeks. That the immunoreactivity for NeuN was the strongest and the nuclei were the biggest at 32 weeks suggests that the neurons reach maturity gradually. Therefore this study provides an important timetable of neurogenesis in prenatal human hippocampus for the clinicians in neuroscience or pediatrics.