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This is the fourth paper in a series on the distribution of blood groups among Indians of South America. It reports the findings on the Indians of Chile and the Polynesians of Chile's Easter Island. Blood specimens were procured from the following putatively pure Indians and unmixed Polynesians: 44 Alacaluf of Puerto Eden, Isla Wellington, 141 Mapuche (Araucanian) of Lonquimay, Malleco Province, 80 Atacamenos of Antofagasta Province, and 45 Polynesians of Easter Island. These 310 samples were tested for blood factors in the A-B-O, M-N-S-s, P, Rh-Hr, Lutheran, K-k, Lewis, Duffy, Kidd and Diego systems, and for the Wright (Wra) agglutinogen. Serum samples were tested for haptoglobins and transferrins. Hemolysates prepared from the blood clots were tested for hemoglobin types. The results are presented as phenotype incidences and calculated gene frequencies in appropriate tables. Locations of the populations from which blood samples were procured are shown on two maps. The high frequencies for the O gene usually reported for South American Indians obtain in putatively pure Chilean Indians but A1 is high in Easter Island Polynesians. In both Indians and Polynesians M, s, R1 (CDe), R2 (cDE), Lub, k, LeH, and Fya gene frequencies are high and B, N, S, Mia, Vw, Ro (cDe), r (cde), Lua, K, Le1, Fyb, and Wra (Ca) are low or absent. The Diego (Di) gene is present in the Mapuche and Atacamenos but absent in the Alacaluf and Polynesians. Hp1 gene frequencies were determined only in the Alacaluf and Atacamenos, in which they are 0.48 and 0.67 respectively. Transferrins were determined for the Alacaluf and Atacamenos Indians and all were classified as Tf C. All Chilean Indian and Polynesian specimens were tested electrophoretically for hemoglobin types and all contained only hemoglobin (A) as a major component.

Blood specimens from putatively pure Maya and Kekchi Indians in British Honduras; Bribri, Boruca, Cabecar and Terraba in Costa Rica; and San Blas Cuna, Choco and Guaymi in Panama have been tested for haptoglobins, transferrins and hemoglobin types, and the phenotype incidences and frequencies of genes controlling these serum proteins have been reported. Hp1 gene frequencies resemble generally those previously reported for Indians but the frequency of 0.197 for Hp1 among the Bribri of Costa Rica is the lowest re-ported for any aboriginal population in Middle America. The distribution of transferrins varies appreciably among these different popula-tions, the range being similar to those reported for other Middle Ameican tribes (Mat-son et al., '63). Nearly all 1,107 hemolysates tested had only type A hemoglobin. Hemoglobin type AS was found in two of 67 Terraba. These two specimens also tested R2r and R0r respec-tively for Rh genotypes, suggesting foreign admixture, since both R0 and r genes are extremely rare or absent in American Indians. Hemoglobin AS was observed also in five (two of whom were brothers) of 153 Guaymi Indians in Panama. One homozy-gous S type was found also among the Guyami. Two AS were present in 198 Samples of blood from the San Blas Cuna.