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Using gas chromatography-olfactometry and aroma extract dilution analysis 34 aroma compounds were found with flavour dilution factors > or = 4. (Z)-3-hexenal, hexanal, 1-octen-3-one, methional, 1-penten-3-one and 3-methylbutanal belonged to the most odour-active aroma volatiles in fresh tomatoes. Smell, taste and aftertaste of different tomato cultivars were evaluated by quantitative descriptive analysis. By applying principal component analysis to both sensory attributes and chemical compounds (odour-active aroma volatiles, titratable acid and reducing sugars) the first three components explained 70% of the total variance. The data set was reduced to the sensory attributes intensive, tomato, sour, fruity, sweet and bitter as well as to important chemical compounds. Relations between chemical compounds and sensory attributes were found.

Epistemological comparison reveals congruence between the reality-defusing though rules of new science, Batesonian evolution, and ecosystemic thinking with families and family therapy. These rules provide a base for a technology of therapy in which the therapist functions as a benign detective, seeking out with the family and others the event-shape in time-space (the Storey) that contains the reported distress. Intervention consists of action that adds to the Storey in a manner designed to alleviate the distress. A Storey is presented that illustrates the difference between medical, paradoxical, and ecosystemic interventions.

Family therapy began as a movement sparked by a small group of behavioral scientists who challenged the orthodoxies of medical and psychodynamic therapies. This movement signalled the beginning of an epistemological shift, the roots of which can be found early in this century in the physical sciences. As the field has grown and become for many a means of livelihood rather than an experimental thrust, though exploration of epistemological issues has continued, a split has developed in the field that mirrors the epistemological split currently visible in Western society. The predominant reality system of the Western world remains rooted in Cartesian/Newtonian, nineteenth-century mechanistic and reductionistic "common sense," even though the basis for a new, nonmechanistic and nonreductionistic reality system has been emerging in the twentieth century. The juxtaposition of both reality systems in the field of family therapy has produced much confusion. This article attempts to clarify the basis for that confusion.

Es wurden unter bestimmten Voraussetzungen lineare Differentialgleichungen fur das Verhalten von Adsorbern und Reaktionsrohren abgeleitet. Die Integrale dieser Gleichungen wurden fur gewisse Rand- und Anfangsbedingungen explizite angegeben.

Die optischen und rontgenographischen Eigenschaften von Chinuclidinhydrochlorid und Chinuclidinhydrobromid wurden bestimmt. Die Diskussion der nach dem Rontgendiagramm moglichen Raumgruppen ergab keine eindeutige Bestimmung der Raumgruppe; in einigen der zulassigen Raumgruppen ist Rotation bzw. ungeordnete Orientierung der Chinuclidiniumionen um die dreizahlige Achse und Teilchensymmetrie D3h anzunehmen.

The current shift of interest, reflected in public policy, from the production of goods to the provision of services, has caused a major re-examination of the nature of the services the individual can expect from his society. This re-examination is producing a number of insights, some of them shocking. In particular, we are learning that many of the systems we have created to deliver services are, in the name of “progress” and “civilization,” contributing to the conditions of human distress they were designed to alleviate. Much has been written lately about how service systems of one kind or another subvert their announced goals—how a welfare system perpetuates poverty, or how the medical profession creates iatrogenic illness. There has not been very much written, however, about how several systems inadvertently combine in their day to day operations in such a way as to frustrate each others' activities, and how, in so doing, they destroy in varying degrees the lives of people, or render it difficult for them to improve their lives. We have all been much too tightly locked in our own niches by training, experience, and various types of private interest to see this kind of interlock. It comes into sharp perspective only when one studies the problems of a single person in terms of his total life space, his “ecology.” This paper represents an effort to describe one such situation in a family as viewed from a community health services program designed to approach human crises as ecological phenomena, and to explore and respond to them within this framework. We have found that the best way to organize our view of the environmental field people move in is according to the diverse systems which make it up, so we have labeled our theoretical base “ecological systems theory.” (1) What is of particular interest to the behavioral scientist in the situation described is that neither individual nor family diagnosis, nor the contributions of the larger systems (in this case a housing system and a system of medical care) will, if viewed separately, explain the state of the man in question. Only when the contributions of all of these systems are made clear, and their interrelationships explored, do the origins of the phenomena described begin to emerge.