Search

Objective: Despite the multitude of research surrounding anorexia nervosa (AN) and perfectionism, there is yet to be a thorough investigation comparing perfectionism in those diagnosed with AN and other eating disorders, and other psychiatric diagnoses. The current meta-analysis aimed to explore these comparisons., Method: Following the Preferred Reporting Items or Systematic Reviews Meta Analyses (PRISMA) guidelines, we identified empirical studies that compared maladaptive and/or adaptive perfectionism scores in those diagnosed with AN and either a non-clinical comparison group, people diagnosed with a non-AN ED, or people diagnosed with another psychological disorder (i.e., other DSM diagnoses). In total, we identified 23 studies, comprising 3,561 participants who were all female. Comparison groups extracted from the studies were a non-clinical group, bulimia nervosa (BN) diagnosis group, and another psychological diagnostic group., Results: When AN maladaptive perfectionism levels were compared against the comparison groups, the results showed that those diagnosed with AN were more perfectionistic compared to the non-clinical group (g = 1.00), and the other psychiatric diagnosis group (g = 0.41). People diagnosed with AN also had higher levels of adaptive perfectionism levels compared to the non-clinical group (g = 1.24). Comparisons between those diagnosed with AN and BN were statistically non-significant for maladaptive perfectionism., Discussion: Although publication bias potentially affected the psychological diagnosis group comparisons, findings suggest that maladaptive perfectionism is a factor associated with both AN and BN., (© 2019 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.)

Objective: The goal of this study was to create a Spanish version of the Sociocultural Attitudes Towards Appearance Questionnaire-4 (SATAQ-4) and examine its factorial validity, reliability, and convergent validity in a sample of women from Spain., Method: Two hundred and sixty female college students from Spain completed the Spanish version of the SATAQ-4 and measures for eating pathology., Results: Internal consistency was high; data from EFA and CFA supported the original five-factor structure; and results showed good convergent validity with measures of body-image and eating problems., Discussion: Results strongly support the psychometric properties of the Spanish version of SATAQ-4 and its use to examine perceived pressure for thinness from parents, peers and the media; and thin- and muscular/athletic-ideal internalization in Spanish-speaking adult women., (© 2014 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.)

Objective: The goal of this study was to translate the Sociocultural Attitudes Towards Appearance Questionnaire-3 (SATAQ-3; Thompson, van den Berg, Roehrig, Guarda, & Heinberg, 2004) into Spanish and psychometrically evaluate the comparability of the Spanish translation to the original English version., Method: 638 female college students from Spain and the United States completed the SATAQ-3 in Spanish and English, respectively., Results: Internal consistency was high in both languages. Tests of factor equivalence suggested that the four pre-established factors of the SATAQ-3 (i.e., knowledge, perceived pressure, thin-ideal internalization, athletic-ideal internalization) were relatively similar between the two groups. Differences that emerged between groups (on items 6 and 20) were in the expected direction and appeared to be influenced by reverse-scoring or item wording., Conclusions: Results support the psychometric properties of this Spanish translation of the SATAQ-3 and support its use to measure endorsement of Western values and ideals of appearance in adult women., (2013 Wiley Periodicals, Inc)

Objective: We evaluated the psychometric properties and measurement equivalence of various forms of the Body Shape Questionnaire (BSQ) (Cooper et al., Int J Eat Disord, 6, 485-494, 1987) in American and Spanish women with and without an eating disorder diagnosis., Method: Participants included four groups of women: Euro-American (n = 505), Hispanic-American (n = 151), and Spanish (n = 445) females without an eating disorder and Spanish women being treated for an eating disorder (n = 177)., Results: Single and multigroup confirmatory factor analyses using maximum likelihood estimation with robust standard errors tested the data for configural and metric invariance. Goodness-of-fit statistics indicated that the original and all alternate forms of the BSQ fit the data well across groups. Most factor loadings were similar across groups. We also developed a 10-item version that appeared to be invariant across groups., Conclusion: Results strongly support configural invariance and offer some support for metric invariance., (Copyright 2007 by Wiley Periodicals, Inc.)

The purpose of this study was to examine the psychometric properties of a Spanish version of the Bulimia Test-Revised (BULIT-R). The goal was to test the factor-structure equivalence of the BULIT-R across two samples of college students from two different cultures, Spain and the US. Researchers using exploratory factor analysis (EFA) and confirmatory factor analysis (CFA) have reported different model solutions for the factor-structure of the BULIT-R: a one-factor model, a four-factor model, a five-factor model and a six-factor model. For the two samples, CFA did not support any of the models previously reported in the literature. EFA supported a six- and a four-factor models for the US and Spanish samples, respectively., (2007 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd and Eating Disorders Association)

Objective: We examined the potential for ethnicity to moderate the relationships between awareness and internalization of sociocultural ideals of appearance and between internalization and body dissatisfaction., Method: Spanish (n = 100), Mexican American (n = 100), and European American (n = 100) female participants completed measures of sociocultural attitudes and body dissatisfaction. Path analysis using maximum likelihood with robust standard errors tested the relationships across and within ethnic groups., Results: There was evidence for the mediational effect of internalization on the relationship between awareness and body dissatisfaction. Furthermore, both relationships were significantly stronger for European American women than for Mexican American or Spanish women (the predicted moderator effect)., Discussion: Results demonstrate how ethnicity may protect against the development of eating disorder symptoms and suggest that eating disorder prevention should involve denouncing the thin ideal, minimizing appearance as an indicator of value, and emphasizing traits other than appearance as determinants of worth., (2005 by Wiley Periodicals, Inc.)

Objective: Eating disorders have been conceptualized as discrete syndromes or categories and as dimensions that differ in degree among individuals. Until recently, researchers have not directly addressed which of these models, categorical versus dimensional, is most valid., Methods: The primary objective of this review was to examine the evidence related to the validity of dimensional versus categorical models of eating disorders., Results: Findings from a series of taxometric studies have suggested that a conceptual representation of eating disorders may involve a latent taxon, related to binge eating (and possibly purging), and one or more dimensions. These studies found that binge eating was identified as a factor that does not occur on a continuum with anorexia nervosa, restricting subtype. Restricting subtype anorexia is continuous with normalcy, however., Discussion: These findings should be viewed as preliminary evidence that may have implications for the etiology, assessment, prevention, and treatment of eating disorders., (2004 by Wiley Periodicals, Inc.)

Objective: We examined affective and cognitive components of body image related to physical appearance, weight, and health among 120 university men and women of three racial/ethnic groups: African American, European American, and Latino/a American., Method: Participants completed a Background Information Sheet, the Multidimensional Body-Self Relations Questionnaire (MBSRQ), the Body-Esteem Scale (BES) with additional items, and the Balanced Inventory of Desirable Responding (BIDR). We tested for effects of race/ethnicity and gender on the body image measures while controlling for age, body size, social desirability, and socioeconomic status (SES)., Results: African Americans reported greatest body satisfaction and least overestimation of weight. Latino/a Americans were equal to or higher than European Americans on all indices. Gender differences occurred on global body image, weight concerns, fitness, and health. There were no Gender x Race/Ethnicity interactions., Discussion: This pattern of racial/ethnic and gender differences shows a need for exploring a wider range of culturally relevant body image dimensions., (Copyright 2000 by John Wiley & Sons, Inc.)

Objective: To examine posttraumatic symptomatology among women with eating disorders., Method: A sample of 294 women diagnosed as having anorexia nervosa (n = 121), bulimia nervosa (n = 103), or eating disorder-not otherwise specified (n = 70) completed a version of the posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) Symptom Scale along with instruments measuring specific eating disorder symptomatology and comorbid psychopathology., Results: Of the total sample, 154 (52%) reported current symptomatology consistent with PTSD. However, severity of PTSD symptomatology was unrelated to either type or eating disorder or severity of either anorexic or bulimic symptomatology. Severity of PTSD symptoms was significantly associated with depression, anxiety, and dissociative experiences., Discussion: The findings suggest that PTSD symptomatology is common and an important clinical variable among women with eating disorders, although apparently it is not directly related to the eating disorder per se.

Dissociative symptomatology has been reported among patients with eating disorders, necessitating the availability of valid assessment instruments. In the current investigation, we examined the construct-related validity of two self-report instruments for assessing dissociative symptoms: the Dissociative Experiences Scale and the Trauma Symptom Checklist-40. The instruments were administered, along with instruments measuring depressive, anorexic, and bulimic symptomatology, to a sample of 125 eating disordered subjects. The dissociation measures demonstrated good convergent and discriminant validity, with a convergent validity coefficient (r = .73) that was approximately equal to that for the instruments measuring each of the three other psychological constructs. A principal components analysis further supported the construct-related validity of the dissociation scales. Severity of dissociative symptoms was generally unrelated to anorexic or bulimic symptomatology, but was significantly associated with depression. The results supported the construct validity of the dissociation instruments and the general status of dissociation as a valid and well-defined psychological phenomenon.

In a recent preliminary report, a multidimensional model for bulimia nervosa was proposed with latent dimensions body dissatisfaction, restricting behaviors, bulimic behaviors, and affective and personality disorder. It was suggested that body dissatisfaction clearly represented a distinct dimension of the disorder. In the current investigation, we cross-validated the prior results on a larger sample with a different set of variables and tested the fit against alternative models. Subjects were 497 women diagnosed as having bulimia nervosa. We performed a confirmatory factor analysis using the LISREL 7 program. The results supported the fit of the four-dimensional model, but also suggested that self-injurious behaviors may represent additional separate dimensions of the disorder, relatively independent of the affective disturbance.

We examined the internal consistency and factor structure of the newly revised version of the Eating Disorder Inventory (EDI), with particular emphasis on the examination of the three new provisional scales: Asceticism, Impulse Regulation, and Social Insecurity. Subjects were 300 women who were seeking treatment at a residential treatment facility for women with eating disorders. Chronbach's alphas ranged from .80 to .91 for the eight original scales whereas coefficients for the three new scales were all less than .80, the criterion stated as being necessary for inclusion in the test. Item-total correlations were also substantially lower for the three new scales. The results of principal components analyses with orthogonal rotation supported the factor structure of the original 64-item EDI, but not the three additional scales. These data generally supported the reliability and factor structure of the original eight scales but did not support the reliability or validity of the three provisional scales.

Although cognitive behavior therapy has been found to be an effective treatment for bulimia nervosa, it has been noted that a subset of patients fail to engage in treatment. We examined the connection between a history of sexual abuse and symptoms suggestive of poor prognosis including a history of multiple therapists or hospitalizations, self-injury or suicide attempts, and alcohol or drug problems. Subjects were 464 bulimic women in treatment at a residential facility for women with eating disorders. Of the women with all of the indicators of poor prognosis, approximately 71% reported a history of sexual abuse. Of the women who reported none of the symptoms indicative of poor prognosis, only 15% reported a history of abuse, and none of these women reported recurrent abuse (greater than five times). We discuss the possible connections between previous treatment failures and histories of abuse and discuss the implications for successful case formulation and treatment.