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Abstract Background Childhood cancer survivors face education and employment challenges due to physical, cognitive, and psychosocial effects of the disease and treatments, with few established programs to assist them. The objectives of this study were to describe the implementation of Goal Attainment Scaling (GAS) to evaluate an educational and vocational counseling program established for survivors of childhood cancer, and analyze patterns of program engagement and client outcomes, stratified by demographic and diagnostic characteristics. Methods A population‐based retrospective cohort study of childhood cancer survivors who were engaged with the Pediatric Oncology Group of Ontario's School and Work Transitions Program (SWTP) between January 2015 and December 2018 was utilized. Survivors were followed from SWTP engagement until May 30, 2019 to capture goal attainment. Individual goals were summarized across various demographic, disease, and treatment strata. Results In total, 470 childhood cancer survivors (median age = 17.9, 58% male) set 4,208 goals in the SWTP during the study period. The mean length of observation was 130.8 weeks (SD = 56.9). Overall, 68% of the goals were achieved. Eighty‐three percent of the goals related to further education. Clients diagnosed with a solid tumor set the most goals on average, followed by those with central nervous system tumors and leukemia/lymphoma. Conclusions The SWTP assists childhood cancer survivors in realizing their academic and vocational goals. Application of GAS in this setting is a feasible way to evaluate program outcomes. From the volume and breadth of the GAS goals set and achieved, the overall success of the SWTP appears strong.