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Your search keyword '"GILLINGS, SIMON"' showing total 32 results
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32 results on '"GILLINGS, SIMON"'

6. Bird conservation and the land sharing-sparing continuum in farmland-dominated landscapes of lowland England

Author

Finch, Tom, Gillings, Simon, Green, Rhys E, Massimino, Dario, Peach, Will J, Balmford, Andrew, Finch, Tom [0000-0003-1122-8513], and Apollo - University of Cambridge Repository

Subjects
wildlife-friendly farming, Conservation of Natural Resources, Farms, agricultura amigable con la fauna, conservation, temperate birds, Agriculture, conservación, Biodiversity, Birds, Europe, 农业, 保护, 土地分离, 土地共享, 野生动物友好型农业, 温带鸟类, agricultura, England, partición de suelo, aves de clima templado, dosificación de suelo, Animals, Humans, land sparing, land sharing, Ecosystem
Abstract

Empirical evidence from many regions suggests that most species would be least negatively affected if human food demand were met through high-yield agricultural production and conservation of nonfarm ecosystems (land sparing), rather than through wildlife-friendly farming over a larger area (land sharing). However, repeated glaciation and a long history of agriculture may lead to different results in regions such as western Europe. We compared the consequences of land sparing and land sharing on breeding bird species in 2 lowland regions of England, The Fens, with 101 species, and Salisbury Plain, with 83. We derived density-yield responses for each species and then estimated regional population size under regional food production strategies, including land sharing and land sparing, a range of intermediate strategies, and a novel mixed strategy. In both regions, more species achieved maximum regional population size under land sparing than land sharing. In The Fens, the majority of birds were loser species (estimated to have smaller populations under all food production strategies than in the preagricultural baseline scenario), whereas in Salisbury Plain the majority were winners (smaller populations in the preagricultural baseline scenario). Loser species overwhelmingly achieved maximum regional population size under land sparing, whereas winner species achieved maximum regional population size under either land sharing or an intermediate strategy, highlighting the importance of defining which groups of species are the target of conservation. A novel 3-compartment strategy (combining high-yield farming, natural habitat, and low-yield farming) often performed better than either land sharing or land sparing. Our results support intermediate or 3-compartment land-sparing strategies to maximize bird populations across lowland agricultural landscapes. To deliver conservation outcomes, any shift toward land sparing must, however, ensure yield increases are sustainable in the long term, do not entail increased negative effects on surrounding areas, and are linked to allocation of land for nature.

Published
2019
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10. Developing a biodiversity-based indicator for large-scale environmental assessment: a case study of proposed shale gas extraction sites in Britain

Author

Dyer, Robert James, Gillings, Simon, Pywell, Richard F., Fox, Richard, Roy, David B., and Oliver, Tom H.

Subjects
Ecology and Environment
Abstract

1. Environmental impact assessments are important tools for predicting the consequences of development and changes in land use. These assessments generally use a small subset of total biodiversity – typically rare and threatened species and habitats – as indicators of ecological status. However, these indicators do not necessarily reflect changes in the many more widespread (but increasingly threatened) species, which are important for ecosystem functions. In addition, assessment of threatened species through field surveys is time-consuming and expensive and, therefore, only possible at small spatial scales. In contrast, planning changes in land use over large spatial scales (e.g. national infrastructure projects) require assessment and prioritization of biodiversity over large spatial extents. 2. Here, we provide a method for the assessment of biodiversity, which takes account of species diversity across larger spatial scales, based on occurrence records from 5553 species across 11 taxonomic groups. We compare the efficacy of the biodiversity-based indicator we developed against one based on threatened species only and then use it to consider spatial and temporal patterns in ecological status across Great Britain. Finally, we develop a case study to investigate biodiversity status in regions proposed for shale gas extraction in Great Britain. 3. Our results show a strong relationship between the ecological status of areas defined by all biodiversity versus only threatened species, although they also demonstrate that significant exceptions do exist where threatened species do not always accurately indicate the ecological status of wider biodiversity. 4. Spatial and temporal analyses show large variation in ecological status across Great Britain both within the area made available for shale gas licensing and within individual environmental zones. In total, however, 63% of hectads across Britain have suffered a net reduction in our biodiversity-based indicator since 1970. 5. Synthesis and applications. We provide a method and develop a biodiversity-based indicator for the assessment and prioritization of biodiversity at large spatial scales. We highlight the potential applications of this approach for the prioritization of areas that would benefit from conservation and restoration. We also emphasize the danger of insufficient consideration of more widespread species and not just rare and threatened species and habitats as indicators of ecological status when prioritizing large-scale national infrastructure projects. Our method should be a useful tool to complement existing environmental impact assessment methods.

Published
2017
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11. Overcoming the challenges of public data archiving for citizen science biodiversity recording and monitoring schemes

Author

Pearce‐Higgins, James W., primary, Baillie, Stephen R., additional, Boughey, Katherine, additional, Bourn, Nigel A. D., additional, Foppen, Ruud P. B., additional, Gillings, Simon, additional, Gregory, Richard D., additional, Hunt, Tom, additional, Jiguet, Frederic, additional, Lehikoinen, Aleksi, additional, Musgrove, Andy J., additional, Robinson, Rob A., additional, Roy, David B., additional, Siriwardena, Gavin M., additional, Walker, Kevin J., additional, and Wilson, Jeremy D., additional

Published
2018
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19. Reconciling biodiversity and carbon conservation

Author

Thomas, Chris D, primary, Anderson, Barbara J, additional, Moilanen, Atte, additional, Eigenbrod, Felix, additional, Heinemeyer, Andreas, additional, Quaife, Tristan, additional, Roy, David B, additional, Gillings, Simon, additional, Armsworth, Paul R, additional, and Gaston, Kevin J, additional

Published
2012
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28. Rates of mass gain and energy deposition in red knot on their final spring staging site is both time- and condition-dependent

Author

ATKINSON, PHILIP W., primary, BAKER, ALLAN J., additional, BENNETT, KAREN A., additional, CLARK, NIGEL A., additional, CLARK, JACQUIE A., additional, COLE, KIMBERLY B., additional, DEKINGA, ANNE, additional, DEY, AMANDA, additional, GILLINGS, SIMON, additional, GONZÁLEZ, PATRICIA M., additional, KALASZ, KEVIN, additional, MINTON, CLIVE D. T., additional, NEWTON, JASON, additional, NILES, LAWRENCE J., additional, PIERSMA, THEUNIS, additional, ROBINSON, ROBERT A., additional, and SITTERS, HUMPHREY P., additional

Published
2007
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