22 results on '"G. Birnbaum"'
Search Results
2. Genetic background effects in Neuroligin-3 mutant mice: Minimal behavioral abnormalities on C57 background
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Christine Ochoa Escamilla, Shunan Liu, Shari G. Birnbaum, Lauren Peca, Thomas C. Jaramillo, and Craig M. Powell
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0301 basic medicine ,Genetics ,Startle response ,medicine.diagnostic_test ,General Neuroscience ,Mutant ,Postsynaptic cell ,Neuroligin ,medicine.disease ,03 medical and health sciences ,030104 developmental biology ,0302 clinical medicine ,Autism spectrum disorder ,Mutation (genetic algorithm) ,medicine ,Autism ,Neurology (clinical) ,Gene ,030217 neurology & neurosurgery ,Genetics (clinical) - Abstract
Neuroligin-3 (NLGN3) is a postsynaptic cell adhesion protein that interacts with presynaptic ligands including neurexin-1 (NRXN1) [Ichtchenko et al., Journal of Biological Chemistry, 271, 2676-2682, 1996]. Mice harboring a mutation in the NLGN3 gene (NL3R451C) mimicking a mutation found in two brothers with autism spectrum disorder (ASD) were previously generated and behaviorally phenotyped for autism-related behaviors. In these NL3R451C mice generated and tested on a hybrid C57BL6J/129S2/SvPasCrl background, we observed enhanced spatial memory and reduced social interaction [Tabuchi et al., Science, 318, 71-76, 2007]. Curiously, an independently generated second line of mice harboring the same mutation on a C57BL6J background exhibited minimal aberrant behavior, thereby providing apparently discrepant results. To investigate the origin of the discrepancy, we previously replicated the original findings of Tabuchi et al. by studying the same NL3R451C mutation on a pure 129S2/SvPasCrl genetic background. Here we complete the behavioral characterization of the NL3R451C mutation on a pure C57BL6J genetic background to determine if background genetics play a role in the discrepant behavioral outcomes involving NL3R451C mice. NL3R451C mutant mice on a pure C57BL6J background did not display spatial memory enhancements or social interaction deficits. We only observed a decreased startle response and mildly increased locomotor activity in these mice suggesting that background genetics influences behavioral outcomes involving the NL3R451C mutation. Autism Res 2018, 11: 234-244. © 2017 International Society for Autism Research, Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Lay summary Behavioral symptoms of autism can be highly variable, even in cases that involve identical genetic mutations. Previous studies in mice with a mutation of the Neuroligin-3 gene showed enhanced learning and social deficits. We replicated these findings on the same and different genetic backgrounds. In this study, however, the same mutation in mice on a different genetic background did not reproduce our previous findings. Our results suggest that genetic background influences behavioral symptoms of this autism-associated mutation.
- Published
- 2017
3. Treatment patterns in patients with advanced gastric cancer in Taiwan
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Jasmina I. Ivanova, Narayan Rajan, Anna Kaltenboeck, Rebecca Cheng, Gebra Cuyun Carter, Jen-Shi Chen, Maria Koh, Alexandra San Roman, Howard G. Birnbaum, and Astra M. Liepa
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Pediatrics ,medicine.medical_specialty ,education.field_of_study ,business.industry ,Nausea ,Population ,Cancer ,General Medicine ,medicine.disease ,03 medical and health sciences ,Regimen ,0302 clinical medicine ,Oncology ,Interquartile range ,030220 oncology & carcinogenesis ,Ascites ,medicine ,Vomiting ,Observational study ,030212 general & internal medicine ,medicine.symptom ,business ,education - Abstract
Aim To describe treatment patterns, outcomes and healthcare resource use in patients with metastatic and/or locally recurrent, unresectable gastric cancer (MGC) in Taiwan. Methods Patients who had received first-line therapy (platinum and/or fluoropyrimidine) followed by second-line therapy or best supportive care (BSC) only were eligible. Participating physicians provided de-identified information from patient charts. Data were summarized descriptively and Kaplan–Meier analysis was used to describe time to events. Results Overall, 37 physicians contributed 122 patient charts. Of the 122 patients (median age, 61 years; 62% male), 43 (35%) received BSC only following first-line therapy, whereas 79 (65%) received second-line therapy. There was heterogeneity in second-line treatment, although fluoropyrimidine with or without a platinum agent was most frequently used. Median survival was 12.5 (interquartile range [IQR], 8.2–20.8) months from MGC diagnosis for patients receiving second-line therapy and 8.0 (IQR, 5.6–not reached) months for patients receiving BSC only. The most common treatment-related symptoms were nausea/vomiting (58%); the most common cancer-related symptoms were pain (61%), ascites (35%) and nausea/vomiting (33%). Inpatient and outpatient hospitalizations were numerically more common for patients receiving second-line therapy than for those receiving BSC only; the prevalence of hospice and skilled nursing facility stays were numerically more common for patients receiving BSC only. Conclusions In this Taiwanese MGC population, 65% received active second-line therapy with heterogeneity seen in the regimen used. Clinical outcomes suggest an unmet medical need in this population. This study may help inform clinical practice and future research to ultimately improve patient outcomes in Taiwan.
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- 2016
4. CA1-specific deletion of NMDA receptors induces abnormal renewal of a learned fear response
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Robert W. Greene, Shari G. Birnbaum, Nanda Regmi, and S. Hirsch
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Cued speech ,Fear processing in the brain ,nervous system ,Cognitive Neuroscience ,NMDA receptor ,Fear conditioning ,Hippocampal formation ,Stimulus (physiology) ,Psychology ,Neuroscience ,Loss function ,Phobic disorder - Abstract
CA1 hippocampal N-methyl-d-aspartate-receptors (NMDARs) are necessary for contextually related learning and memory processes. Extinction, a form of learning, has been shown to require intact hippocampal NMDAR signalling. Renewal of fear expression can occur after fear extinction training, when the extinguished fear stimulus is presented in an environmental context different from the training context and thus, renewal is dependent on contextual memory. In this study, we show that a Grin1 knock-out (loss of the essential NR1 subunit for the NMDAR) restricted to the bilateral CA1 subfield of the dorsal hippocampus does not affect acquisition of learned fear, but does attenuate extinction of a cued fear response even when presented in the extinction-training context. We propose that failure to remember the (safe) extinction context is responsible for the abnormal fear response and suggest it is a dysfunctional renewal. The results highlight the difference in outcome of extinguished fear memory resulting from a partial rather than complete loss of function of the hippocampus and suggest a potential mechanism for abnormally increased fear expression in PTSD. © 2015 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
- Published
- 2015
5. Autism-Related Neuroligin-3 Mutation Alters Social Behavior and Spatial Learning
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Ami Pettersen, Shari G. Birnbaum, Thomas C. Jaramillo, Craig M. Powell, and Shunan Liu
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Genetics ,General Neuroscience ,Point mutation ,Neuroligin ,Cognition ,Biology ,medicine.disease ,behavioral disciplines and activities ,mental disorders ,Intellectual disability ,Mutation (genetic algorithm) ,medicine ,Spatial learning ,Autism ,In patient ,Neurology (clinical) ,Neuroscience ,Genetics (clinical) - Abstract
LAY ABSTRACT Mutations in neuroligin genes have been identified in association with autism. This manuscript provides characterization of a specific mutation in the neuroligin-3 gene that has been associated with autism in two brothers. The resulting autism model has alterations in social and cognitive function reminiscent of autism in patients. This model will be useful to understand the role of neuroligin dysfunction as a rare cause of autism.
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- 2014
6. Analysis ofFmr1Deletion in a Subpopulation of Post-Mitotic Neurons in Mouse Cortex and Hippocampus
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Renée M. McKay, Efrain Sanchez-Ortiz, Woosung Cho, Anahita Amiri, Luis F. Parada, Jing Xu, and Shari G. Birnbaum
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congenital, hereditary, and neonatal diseases and abnormalities ,Mutation ,General Neuroscience ,Mutant ,Hippocampus ,medicine.disease_cause ,medicine.disease ,FMR1 ,Phenotype ,nervous system diseases ,Cortex (botany) ,Fragile X syndrome ,Synaptic plasticity ,medicine ,Neurology (clinical) ,Psychology ,Neuroscience ,Genetics (clinical) - Abstract
Fragile X syndrome (FXS) is the most common form of inherited mental retardation and the leading cause of autism. FXS is caused by mutation in a single gene, FMR1, which encodes an RNA-binding protein FMRP. FMRP is highly expressed in neurons and is hypothesized to have a role in synaptic structure, function, and plasticity by regulating mRNAs that encode pre- and post-synaptic proteins. Fmr1 knockout (KO) mice have been used as a model to study FXS. These mice have been reported to show a great degree of phenotypic variability based on the genetic background, environmental signals, and experimental methods. In this study, we sought to restrict FMRP deletion to two brain regions that have been implicated in FXS and autism. We show that ablating Fmr1 in differentiated neurons of hippocampus and cortex results in dendritic alterations and changes in synaptic marker intensity that are brain region specific. In our conditional mutant mice, FMRP-deleted neurons have activated AKT-mTOR pathway signaling in hippocampus but display no apparent behavioral phenotypes. These results highlight the importance of identifying additional factors that interact with Fmr1 to develop FXS.
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- 2014
7. An economic model of Parkinson's disease: Implications for slowing progression in the United States
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Howard G. Birnbaum, Anna Kaltenboeck, Scott J. Johnson, Melissa Diener, and Andrew Siderowf
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Parkinson's disease ,Cost–benefit analysis ,business.industry ,Mortality rate ,Disease ,medicine.disease ,Indirect costs ,Neurology ,Quality of life ,medicine ,Dementia ,Economic model ,Neurology (clinical) ,business ,Demography - Abstract
Multiple studies describe progression, dementia rates, direct and indirect costs, and health utility by Hoehn and Yahr (H&Y) stage, but research has not incorporated these data into a model to evaluate possible economic consequences of slowing progression. This study aimed to model the course of Parkinson's disease (PD) and describe the economic consequences of slower rates of progression. A Markov model was developed to show the net monetary benefits of slower rates of progression. Four scenarios assuming hypothetical slower rates of progression were compared to a base case scenario. A systematic literature review identified published longitudinal H&Y progression rates. Direct and indirect excess costs (i.e., healthcare costs beyond what similar patients without PD would incur), mortality rates, dementia rates, and health utility were derived from the literature. Ten publications (N = 3,318) were used to model longitudinal H&Y progression. Base case results indicate average excess direct costs of $303,754, life-years of 12.8 years and quality-adjusted life-years of 6.96. A scenario where PD progressed 20% slower than the base case resulted in net monetary benefits of $60,657 ($75,891 including lost income) per patient. The net monetary benefit comes from a $37,927 decrease in direct medical costs, 0.45 increase in quality-adjusted life-years, and $15,235 decrease in lost income. The scenario where PD progression was arrested resulted in net monetary benefits of $442,429 per patient. Reducing progression rates could produce significant economic benefit. This benefit is strongly dependent on the degree to which progression is slowed.
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- 2013
8. P2‐202: Patient Characteristics and Outcomes Associated with Receiving an Earlier Versus Later Diagnosis of Probable Alzheimer’s Disease: Evidence from the National Alzheimer’s Coordinating Center Data
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Sarah King, Kristin Kahle-Wrobleski, Amie Shei, Sophie A Schonfeld, Howard G. Birnbaum, Daniel E. Ball, Jeffrey Scott Andrews, and Noam Y. Kirson
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medicine.medical_specialty ,Pediatrics ,Epidemiology ,business.industry ,Health Policy ,Patient characteristics ,Disease ,Psychiatry and Mental health ,Cellular and Molecular Neuroscience ,Developmental Neuroscience ,Medicine ,Center (algebra and category theory) ,Neurology (clinical) ,Geriatrics and Gerontology ,business ,Psychiatry - Published
- 2016
9. Functional and mechanistic exploration of an adult neurogenesis‐promoting small molecule
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Jenny Hsieh, David Petrik, Mi Sung Kim, Yindi Jiang, Craig M. Powell, Shari G. Birnbaum, and Amelia J. Eisch
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Mef2 ,Neurogenesis ,Hippocampus ,Mice, Transgenic ,Thiophenes ,Hippocampal formation ,Biology ,Biochemistry ,Research Communications ,Subgranular zone ,Mice ,Neural Stem Cells ,Neuroblast ,Memory ,Genetics ,medicine ,Animals ,Maze Learning ,Molecular Biology ,Cell Proliferation ,MEF2 Transcription Factors ,Dentate gyrus ,Dendritic Cells ,Isoxazoles ,Anatomy ,Neural stem cell ,medicine.anatomical_structure ,Myogenic Regulatory Factors ,Blood-Brain Barrier ,Dentate Gyrus ,Neuroscience ,Biotechnology - Abstract
Adult neurogenesis occurs throughout life in the mammalian hippocampus and is essential for memory and mood control. There is significant interest in identifying ways to promote neurogenesis and ensure maintenance of these hippocampal functions. Previous work with a synthetic small molecule, isoxazole 9 (Isx-9), highlighted its neuronal-differentiating properties in vitro. However, the ability of Isx-9 to drive neurogenesis in vivo or improve hippocampal function was unknown. Here we show that Isx-9 promotes neurogenesis in vivo, enhancing the proliferation and differentiation of hippocampal subgranular zone (SGZ) neuroblasts, and the dendritic arborization of adult-generated dentate gyrus neurons. Isx-9 also improves hippocampal function, enhancing memory in the Morris water maze. Notably, Isx-9 enhances neurogenesis and memory without detectable increases in cellular or animal activity or vascularization. Molecular exploration of Isx-9-induced regulation of neurogenesis (via FACS and microarray of SGZ stem and progenitor cells) suggested the involvement of the myocyte-enhancer family of proteins (Mef2). Indeed, transgenic-mediated inducible knockout of all brain-enriched Mef2 isoforms (Mef2a/c/d) specifically from neural stem cells and their progeny confirmed Mef2's requirement for Isx-9-induced increase in hippocampal neurogenesis. Thus, Isx-9 enhances hippocampal neurogenesis and memory in vivo, and its effects are reliant on Mef2, revealing a novel cell-intrinsic molecular pathway regulating adult neurogenesis.—Petrik, D., Jiang, Y., Birnbaum, S. G., Powell, C. M., Kim, M.-S., Hsieh, J., Eisch, A. J. Functional and mechanistic exploration of an adult neurogenesis-promoting small molecule.
- Published
- 2012
10. Real-World Role of Tricyclic Antidepressants in the Treatment of Fibromyalgia
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Rose E. Mullen, Ralph Swindle, Howard G. Birnbaum, Jasmina I. Ivanova, M. Schiller, Tracy Waldman, and Catherine Reed
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chemistry.chemical_classification ,medicine.medical_specialty ,business.industry ,Newly diagnosed ,medicine.disease ,Administrative claims ,Anesthesiology and Pain Medicine ,chemistry ,Fibromyalgia ,Internal medicine ,Treatment episode ,medicine ,Anxiety ,medicine.symptom ,business ,Psychiatry ,Depression (differential diagnoses) ,Tricyclic - Abstract
Objective: To examine the real-world role of tricyclic antidepressants (TCAs) in fibromyalgia (FM) treatment. Methods: Using privately insured U.S. administrative claims data, this study examined TCA use for newly diagnosed FM patients. Patients ages 18 to 64 years with ≥ 2 FM diagnoses (ICD-9-CM: 729.1) during Q1:2007 to Q1:2009, no previous FM diagnosis, and continuous eligibility for insurance during the year before and after the first FM diagnosis (“study period”) were identified as newly diagnosed (N = 10,129). Treatment with TCAs was examined over the first treatment episode (allowing up to a 45-day gap between refills). A sensitivity analysis was performed excluding patients with depression/anxiety diagnoses during the study period. Results: During the study period, 8.9% of patients with FM used TCAs at anytime, 5.0% used TCAs during the year before FM diagnosis, and 7.2% used TCAs during the year after. The mean (median) duration of the first treatment episode was 150 (58) days. During this episode, 84.0% used other medications concomitantly, with 60.3% using analgesics and 39.6% using other antidepressants. Additionally, 60.8% augmented TCA use with other drugs, 61.8% switched to another drug at the end of their TCA episode, and 22.8% discontinued TCAs without switching. Similar patterns were observed for the subset of patients with no depression or anxiety (N = 7,655). Discussion: Research covering 1999 to 2005 using the same methods found that 15.9% of patients with FM used TCAs during the year before FM diagnosis and 20.7% used TCAs during the year after. These findings suggest that TCA use among the patients with FM is uncommon and may be declining in real-world practice.
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- 2012
11. Direct and indirect costs associated with epileptic partial onset seizures among the privately insured in the United States
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David Mallett, Jasmina I. Ivanova, Yohanne Kidolezi, Sue Caleo, Howard G. Birnbaum, and Ying Qiu
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medicine.medical_specialty ,Multivariate analysis ,business.industry ,Univariate ,medicine.disease ,Indirect costs ,Epilepsy ,Neurology ,Migraine ,Internal medicine ,Charlson comorbidity index ,Cohort ,Absenteeism ,Medicine ,Neurology (clinical) ,business ,Psychiatry - Abstract
Summary Purpose: Compare annual direct and indirect costs between privately insured U.S. patients with epileptic partial onset seizures (POS) and matched controls. Methods: One thousand eight hundred fifty-nine patients (including a subset of 758 employees) with ≥1 (POS) diagnosis (ICD-9-CM: 345.4.x–345.7.x), 1999–2004, ages 16–64 years, were identified from a privately insured claims database. Control group was an age- and gender-matched cohort of randomly chosen beneficiaries without epilepsy (ICD-9-CM: 345.x). All were required to have continuous health coverage during 2004 (baseline) and 2005 (study period). Chi-square tests were used to compare baseline comorbidities. Univariate and multivariate analyses were used for comparisons of annual direct (medical and pharmaceutical) and indirect costs during the study period. Results: Patients with POS were on average 42 years of age, and 57% were women. Patients with POS had significantly higher rates of mental health disorders, migraine, and other neurologic disorders, and higher Charlson comorbidity index (CCI) compared with controls. On average, direct annual costs were significantly higher for POS patients ($11,276) compared with controls ($4,087), p
- Published
- 2009
12. P3‐114: Functional limitations and healthcare resource utilization for individuals with cognitive impairment without dementia: Findings from a u.s. population‐based survey
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Adam S. Fleisher, Sarah King, Wenyu Ye, Kristin Kahle-Wrobleski, Ljubica Ristovska, Howard G. Birnbaum, Caroline J. Enloe, Jeffrey Scott Andrews, Urvi Desai, and Noam Y. Kirson
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medicine.medical_specialty ,Epidemiology ,business.industry ,Health Policy ,medicine.disease ,Psychiatry and Mental health ,Cellular and Molecular Neuroscience ,Developmental Neuroscience ,Health care ,medicine ,Dementia ,Neurology (clinical) ,Geriatrics and Gerontology ,business ,Psychiatry ,Cognitive impairment ,Resource utilization ,U s population - Published
- 2015
13. The Economic Burden of Depression: Societal and Patient Perspectives
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Paul E. Greenberg and Howard G. Birnbaum
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medicine.medical_specialty ,Depression (economics) ,medicine ,Psychiatry ,Psychology ,Social psychology - Published
- 2005
14. O4‐13‐02: ASSESSING THE ECONOMIC BURDEN OF ALZHEIMER'S DISEASE PATIENTS TREATED BY SPECIALISTS WITHIN THREE MONTHS OF PRELIMINARY DIAGNOSIS OF COGNITIVE DECLINE
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Kristin Kahle-Wrobleski, Wenyu Ye, Urvi Desai, Noam Y. Kirson, Howard G. Birnbaum, Ljubica Ristovska, Jeffrey Scott Andrews, Alice Kate G. Cummings, and Craig A. Hunter
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Pediatrics ,medicine.medical_specialty ,Epidemiology ,business.industry ,Health Policy ,Disease ,Preliminary diagnosis ,Psychiatry and Mental health ,Cellular and Molecular Neuroscience ,Developmental Neuroscience ,Medicine ,Neurology (clinical) ,Geriatrics and Gerontology ,Cognitive decline ,business - Published
- 2014
15. P4‐339: EXCESS COSTS ASSOCIATED WITH POSSIBLE MISDIAGNOSIS OF ALZHEIMER'S DISEASE AMONG PATIENTS WITH VASCULAR DEMENTIA IN A UK CPRD POPULATION
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Urvi Desai, Noam Y. Kirson, Michael Happich, Mark Belger, Alan Lenox-Smith, Sarah King, David Price, Craig A. Hunter, Howard G. Birnbaum, and Catherine Reed
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Pediatrics ,medicine.medical_specialty ,education.field_of_study ,Epidemiology ,business.industry ,Health Policy ,Population ,Disease ,medicine.disease ,Psychiatry and Mental health ,Cellular and Molecular Neuroscience ,Developmental Neuroscience ,medicine ,Neurology (clinical) ,Geriatrics and Gerontology ,Vascular dementia ,Psychiatry ,business ,education - Published
- 2014
16. Immunity to heat shock proteins and neurological disorders of women
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L. Kotilinek and G. Birnbaum
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Experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis ,Obstetrics and Gynecology ,Dermatology ,Environmental exposure ,Biology ,medicine.disease ,lcsh:Gynecology and obstetrics ,Epitope ,lcsh:Infectious and parasitic diseases ,Myelin ,Infectious Diseases ,Immune system ,medicine.anatomical_structure ,Immunity ,Heat shock protein ,Immunology ,medicine ,biology.protein ,lcsh:RC109-216 ,Antibody ,lcsh:RG1-991 - Abstract
Stress or heat shock proteins are constitutively expressed in normal CNS tissues in a variety of cell types (oligodendrocytes, astrocytes, and neurons). Their presence may protect cells from various stresses, such as hypoxia, anoxia, and excessive excitatory stimulation. Increased amounts of hsp are expressed in various cells of the CNS during acute toxic-metabolic states and in chronic degenerative and inflammatory diseases. Increased expression of hsp may lead to immune responses to these proteins. Antibodies to mycobacterial hsp bind to normal human myelin and to oligodendrocytes in regions of MS demyelination. Cellular immune responses to hsp occur with increased frequency and magnitude in persons with MS, especially those with recent onset of disease. In addition, there are populations of T cells expressing gamma/delta T cells in the brains and spinal fluids of persons with MS, suggesting an in situ immune response to hsps. Humoral immune responses to hsp are found in CSF, but no disease specificity has been documented. Some myelin proteins have sequence homology with particular hsps. One instance is the homology between a peptide of mycobacterial Hsp65 and the myelin protein CNP. Our data on EAE suggest that immune responses to either cross-reactive hsp epitopes or whole hsp can modify the course of both acute and chronic relapsing EAE. In addition, the severity and frequency of environmental exposure to infectious agents can modify the course of EAE, possibly by altering the patterns of immune response to hsp. Finally, tolerance to the small hsp, alpha B-crystallin, a putative autoantigen in persons with MS, alters the course of relapsing EAE, supporting its role in chronic, autoimmune CNS disease. Modifying immune responses to hsp may be a potential new treatment option for persons with MS.
- Published
- 1999
17. DT‐02–04: Excess costs associated with misdiagnosis of Alzheimer's disease among U.S. Medicare beneficiaries with vascular dementia or Parkinson's disease
- Author
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Noam Y. Kirson, Douglas E. Faries, Christine Hardwick, Alexandra San Roman, Howard G. Birnbaum, Urvi Desai, Alice Kate G. Cummings, and Craig A. Hunter
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medicine.medical_specialty ,Parkinson's disease ,Epidemiology ,business.industry ,Health Policy ,Medicare beneficiary ,Disease ,medicine.disease ,Psychiatry and Mental health ,Cellular and Molecular Neuroscience ,Developmental Neuroscience ,medicine ,Physical therapy ,Neurology (clinical) ,Geriatrics and Gerontology ,business ,Intensive care medicine ,Vascular dementia - Published
- 2013
18. P3‐400: Prevalence, comorbidity burden and treatment of Alzheimer's disease among the elderly in the United States
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Alexandra San Roman, Quynhchau D. Doan, Urvi Desai, Woodie M. Zachry, Sapna Rao, Alice Kate G. Cummings, Noam Y. Kirson, Ryan M. Andrews, Jasmina I. Ivanova, and Howard G. Birnbaum
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Gerontology ,Epidemiology ,business.industry ,Health Policy ,Disease ,medicine.disease ,Comorbidity ,Psychiatry and Mental health ,Cellular and Molecular Neuroscience ,Developmental Neuroscience ,Medicine ,Neurology (clinical) ,Geriatrics and Gerontology ,business - Published
- 2012
19. S4‐03‐04: Excess acute care costs among U.S. Medicaid Alzheimer's patients in the year prior to diagnosis
- Author
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Noam Y. Kirson, Sara Eapen, Vijay N. Joish, David S. Geldmacher, Howard G. Birnbaum, and Evan Kantor
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medicine.medical_specialty ,Epidemiology ,business.industry ,Health Policy ,Psychiatry and Mental health ,Cellular and Molecular Neuroscience ,Developmental Neuroscience ,Acute care ,Emergency medicine ,medicine ,Neurology (clinical) ,Geriatrics and Gerontology ,Intensive care medicine ,business ,Medicaid - Published
- 2011
20. Chlamydia pneumoniae-specific humoral immune responses and clinical disease parameters in multiple sclerosis
- Author
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Hans-Peter Hartung, Andrea Berghold, Juan J. Archelos, D. Krametter, G. Niederwieser, S. Strasser-Fuchs, and G. Birnbaum
- Subjects
Chlamydia ,Immune system ,Neurology ,business.industry ,Multiple sclerosis ,Immunology ,medicine ,Neurology (clinical) ,medicine.disease ,Clinical disease ,business - Published
- 2001
21. HOUSEWORK: PRICELESS OR VALUELESS?
- Author
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Bonnie G. Birnbaum and Marianne A. Ferber
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Microeconomics ,Economics and Econometrics ,Labour economics ,Opportunity cost ,Earnings ,Value (economics) ,Potential market ,Economics ,Cost approach - Abstract
Two ways of estimating the value of housework are currently used. One is the opportunity cost approach, which sets the value of work done at home equal to the income the person could earn in the labor market. The other is the market cost approach, which uses the cost of hiring someone to do the housework to determine its value. In this study we use data on earnings of female clerical workers with various patterns of labor force participation to obtain estimates of the opportunity cost of hometime for such women. We find that potential market earnings do not provide an acceptable estimate of the value of housework, and suggest that using the wages of general household workers is a better approach.
- Published
- 1980
22. ChemInform Abstract: COMPARISON OF DIELECTRIC AND REFRACTIVE VIRIAL COEFFICIENTS AND COLLISION-INDUCED ABSORPTION BANDS
- Author
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T. K. Bose and G. Birnbaum
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Virial coefficient ,Chemistry ,Infrared ,Astrophysics::Earth and Planetary Astrophysics ,Astrophysics::Cosmology and Extragalactic Astrophysics ,General Medicine ,Dielectric ,Physics::Chemical Physics ,Collision ,Absorption (electromagnetic radiation) ,Molecular physics ,Astrophysics::Galaxy Astrophysics - Abstract
The second dielectric virial coefficient minus the second refractive virial coefficient is equal to the Kramers–Kroning contributions arising from the far‐infrared and infrared pressure induced absorption bands due to bimolecular interactions. The usefulness in comparing such results is illustrated for CO2, C2H4, CH4, and SF6. It is shown that for SF6 there may be as yet unmeasured collision induced bands and for C2H4 the far‐infrared collision induced absorption is anomalously large.
- Published
- 1979
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