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1. Copper and zinc isotopic excursions in the human brain affected by Alzheimer's disease

Author

Frédéric Moynier, Marie Le Borgne, Esther Lahoud, Brandon Mahan, Francois Mouton‐Liger, Jacques Hugon, and Claire Paquet

Subjects
Alzheimer's disease, amyloid beta, copper, isotopes, Neurology. Diseases of the nervous system, RC346-429, Geriatrics, RC952-954.6
Abstract

Abstract Introduction Alzheimer's disease (AD) is neuropathologically marked by amyloid beta (Aβ) plaques and neurofibrillary tangles. Little is known about isotopic compositions of human AD brains. Here we study this in comparison with control subjects for copper and zinc. Methods We use mass‐spectrometry methods, developed to study extraterrestrial materials, to compare the copper and zinc isotopic composition of 10 AD and 10 control brains. Results Copper and zinc natural isotopic compositions of AD brains are statistically different compared to controls, and correlate with Braak stages. Discussion The distribution of natural copper and zinc isotopes in AD is not affected by the diet, but is a consequence of Aβ plaques and tau fibril accumulation. This is well predicted by the changes of the chemical bonding environment caused by the development of Aβ lesions and accumulation of tau proteins. Future work will involve testing whether these changes affect brain functions and are propagated to body fluids.

Published
2020
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3. Pantasma: Evidence for a Pleistocene circa 14 km diameter impact crater in Nicaragua

Author

Gordon R. Osinski, Vinciane Debaille, Ruken Alac, Bruno Reynard, Gilles Brocard, Frédéric Moynier, Sébastien Nomade, Bertrand Devouard, Pierre Rochette, Aaron J. Cavosie, Fred Jourdan, Pierre Beck, J. Cornec, Bérengère Mougel, F. Moustard, Centre européen de recherche et d'enseignement des géosciences de l'environnement (CEREGE), Aix Marseille Université (AMU)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Collège de France (CdF (institution))-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA), The University of Sydney, Institut de Planétologie et d'Astrophysique de Grenoble (IPAG), Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Observatoire des Sciences de l'Univers de Grenoble (OSUG ), Institut polytechnique de Grenoble - Grenoble Institute of Technology (Grenoble INP )-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Institut national de recherche en sciences et technologies pour l'environnement et l'agriculture (IRSTEA)-Université Savoie Mont Blanc (USMB [Université de Savoie] [Université de Chambéry])-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Grenoble Alpes [2016-2019] (UGA [2016-2019])-Institut polytechnique de Grenoble - Grenoble Institute of Technology (Grenoble INP )-Institut national de recherche en sciences et technologies pour l'environnement et l'agriculture (IRSTEA)-Université Savoie Mont Blanc (USMB [Université de Savoie] [Université de Chambéry])-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Grenoble Alpes [2016-2019] (UGA [2016-2019]), Curtin University [Perth], Planning and Transport Research Centre (PATREC), Université libre de Bruxelles (ULB), Institut de Physique du Globe de Paris (IPGP), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de La Réunion (UR)-Université Paris Diderot - Paris 7 (UPD7)-IPG PARIS-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS), Centro de Geociencias [Queretaro], Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México (UNAM), Laboratoire des Sciences du Climat et de l'Environnement [Gif-sur-Yvette] (LSCE), Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Paris-Saclay-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ), Paléocéanographie (PALEOCEAN), Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Paris-Saclay-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Paris-Saclay-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ), University of Western Ontario (UWO), Laboratoire de géologie de l'ENS (LGENS), Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Département des Géosciences - ENS Paris, École normale supérieure - Paris (ENS Paris), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-École normale supérieure - Paris (ENS Paris), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL), Laboratoire de Géologie de Lyon - Terre, Planètes, Environnement [Lyon] (LGL-TPE), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1 (UCBL), Université de Lyon-Université de Lyon-École normale supérieure - Lyon (ENS Lyon), SVPINT MEX project [ANR-15-CE31-0011-01], A*Midex foundation from Aix-Marseille University, NASA Astrobiology program [NNAI3AA94A], Space Science and Technology Centre, Microscopy and Microanalysis Facility in the John de Laeter Centre at Curtin University, FRS-FNRS, ERC StG 'ISoSyC' [FP7/336718], IPGP platform PARI, Region ile-de-France Sesame [12015908], INSU through the national Raman facility in Lyon, LABEX Lyon Institute of Origins within the program 'Investissements d'Avenir' at Universite de Lyon [ANR-10-LABX-0066, ANR-11-IDEX-0007], Australian Research Council [ARC-IH130200012], Australian Government, University of Sydney, ANR-15-CE31-0011,SVPIntMex,Variation séculaire et Paléointensité au Mexique pendant le Plio-Quaternaire(2015), ANR-11-IDEX-0001,Amidex,INITIATIVE D'EXCELLENCE AIX MARSEILLE UNIVERSITE(2011), ANR-11-IDEX-0007,Avenir L.S.E.,PROJET AVENIR LYON SAINT-ETIENNE(2011), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Collège de France (CdF)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Aix Marseille Université (AMU)-Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA), Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Université Grenoble Alpes (UGA)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Observatoire des Sciences de l'Univers de Grenoble (OSUG), Université Savoie Mont Blanc (USMB [Université de Savoie] [Université de Chambéry])-Institut polytechnique de Grenoble - Grenoble Institute of Technology (Grenoble INP)-Institut national de recherche en sciences et technologies pour l'environnement et l'agriculture (IRSTEA)-Université Joseph Fourier - Grenoble 1 (UJF)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Grenoble Alpes (UGA)-Université Savoie Mont Blanc (USMB [Université de Savoie] [Université de Chambéry])-Institut polytechnique de Grenoble - Grenoble Institute of Technology (Grenoble INP)-Institut national de recherche en sciences et technologies pour l'environnement et l'agriculture (IRSTEA)-Université Joseph Fourier - Grenoble 1 (UJF)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Université Libre de Bruxelles [Bruxelles] (ULB), Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-IPG PARIS-Université Paris Diderot - Paris 7 (UPD7)-Université de La Réunion (UR)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Université Paris-Saclay-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Laboratoire de géologie de l'ENS (LGE), École normale supérieure - Paris (ENS Paris)-École normale supérieure - Paris (ENS Paris), ANR-11-IDEX-0001-02/11-IDEX-0001,AMIDEX,AMIDEX(2011), ANR-11-IDEX-0007-02/10-LABX-0066,LIO,Lyon Institute of Origins(2011), Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Aix Marseille Université (AMU)-Collège de France (CdF (institution))-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Paris Diderot - Paris 7 (UPD7)-Université de La Réunion (UR)-Institut de Physique du Globe de Paris (IPG Paris)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México = National Autonomous University of Mexico (UNAM), Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Paris-Saclay-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Paris-Saclay-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Paris-Saclay-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), École normale supérieure - Paris (ENS-PSL), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-École normale supérieure - Paris (ENS-PSL), Laboratoire de Géologie de Lyon - Terre, Planètes, Environnement (LGL-TPE), École normale supérieure de Lyon (ENS de Lyon)-Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1 (UCBL), and Université de Lyon-Université de Lyon-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Jean Monnet - Saint-Étienne (UJM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)

Subjects
Pleistocene, tektites, Geochemistry, 010502 geochemistry & geophysics, 01 natural sciences, Petrography, Lechatelierite, [SDU.STU.PL]Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Earth Sciences/Planetology, Impact crater, 0103 physical sciences, Breccia, Géographie physique, 010303 astronomy & astrophysics, 0105 earth and related environmental sciences, geography, geography.geographical_feature_category, isotopic evidence, meteoritic components, rocks, Sciences de l'espace, Volcanic rock, Geophysics, Volcano, Space and Planetary Science, Field mapping, Geology
Abstract

The circa 14 km diameter Pantasma circular structure in Oligocene volcanic rocks in Nicaragua is here studied for the first time to understand its origin. Geomorphology, field mapping, and petrographic and geochemical investigations all are consistent with an impact origin for the Pantasma structure. Observations supporting an impact origin include outward-dipping volcanic flows, the presence of former melt-bearing polymict breccia, impact glass (with lechatelierite and low H 2 O, 10 km found in the Americas south of N30 latitude, and provides further evidence that a significant number of impact craters may remain to be discovered in Central and South America., SCOPUS: ar.j, info:eu-repo/semantics/published

Published
2019

4. Mineralogy, chemistry, and composition of organic compounds in the fresh carbonaceous chondrite Mukundpura: CM1 or CM2?

Author

A. Agranier, P. Beck, S. Potin, A. K. Malik, Bernard Schmitt, A. Garenne, Lydie Bonal, Philippe Schmitt-Kopplin, Frédéric Moynier, Eric Quirico, Institut de Planétologie et d'Astrophysique de Grenoble (IPAG), Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Observatoire des Sciences de l'Univers de Grenoble (OSUG ), Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Savoie Mont Blanc (USMB [Université de Savoie] [Université de Chambéry])-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE)-Université Grenoble Alpes (UGA)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Savoie Mont Blanc (USMB [Université de Savoie] [Université de Chambéry])-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE)-Université Grenoble Alpes (UGA), Nuclear and Chemical Sciences Division, Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, Institut de Physique du Globe de Paris (IPGP), Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-IPG PARIS-Université de La Réunion (UR)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Paris (UP), Laboratoire Géosciences Océan (LGO), Université de Bretagne Sud (UBS)-Université de Brest (UBO)-Institut Universitaire Européen de la Mer (IUEM), Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université de Brest (UBO)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Helmholtz Zentrum Muenchen, Punjabi University, Department of Chemistry, Institut Français de Recherche pour l'Exploitation de la Mer - Brest (IFREMER Centre de Bretagne), and Institut Français de Recherche pour l'Exploitation de la Mer (IFREMER)-Institut Français de Recherche pour l'Exploitation de la Mer (IFREMER)-Université de Bretagne Sud (UBS)-Université de Brest (UBO)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)

Subjects
[SDU.ASTR.EP]Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Astrophysics [astro-ph]/Earth and Planetary Astrophysics [astro-ph.EP], FOS: Physical sciences, Mineralogy, 010502 geochemistry & geophysics, 01 natural sciences, Parent body, carbonaceous chondrite, symbols.namesake, Chondrite, 0103 physical sciences, Organic matter, Spectroscopy, 010303 astronomy & astrophysics, 0105 earth and related environmental sciences, Earth and Planetary Astrophysics (astro-ph.EP), chemistry.chemical_classification, Chemistry, Thermogravimetry, Geophysics, Meteorite, 13. Climate action, Space and Planetary Science, Reflectance spectra measurements, Carbonaceous chondrite, symbols, Raman spectroscopy, Mukundpura, Astrophysics - Earth and Planetary Astrophysics
Abstract

International audience; We present here several laboratory analyses performed on the freshly fallen Mukundpura CM chondrite. Results of infrared transmission spectroscopy, thermogravimetry analysis and reflectance spectroscopy show that Mukundpura is mainly composed of phyllosilicates. The rare earth trace elements composition and ultrahigh resolution mass spectrometry of the soluble organic matter (SOM) give results consistent with CM chondrites. Finally, Raman spectroscopy shows no signs of thermal alteration of the meteorite. All the results agree that Mukundpura has been strongly altered by water on its parent body. Comparison of the results obtained on the meteorite with those of other chondrites of known petrologic types lead to the conclusion that Mukundpura is similar to CM1 chondrites, which differs from its original classification as a CM2.

Published
2020

6. Zinc isotopic composition of iron meteorites: Absence of isotopic anomalies and origin of the volatile element depletion

Author

Heng Chen, Bach Mai Nguyen, Frédéric Moynier, Department of Earth and Planetary Sciences [St Louis], Washington University in Saint Louis (WUSTL), Institut de Physique du Globe de Paris (IPGP), Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-IPG PARIS-Université de La Réunion (UR)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Paris (UP), and NASA Cosmochemistry Fund NNX12AH70GOffice of Undergraduate Research at Washington University Chaire of Excellence from the Sorbonne Paris Cite

Subjects
CORE FORMATION, 010504 meteorology & atmospheric sciences, Evaporation, COPPER, chemistry.chemical_element, Zinc, Fractionation, 010502 geochemistry & geophysics, 01 natural sciences, Parent body, Chondrite, IIE, GROUP-IIIAB, 0105 earth and related environmental sciences, HF-W, Isotope, FRACTIONATION, IAB, Condensation, Radiochemistry, KeyWords Plus:CHEMICAL CLASSIFICATION, Geophysics, chemistry, Meteorite, [SDU]Sciences of the Universe [physics], 13. Climate action, Space and Planetary Science, Environmental chemistry, ZN, CU
Abstract

International audience; High-precision Zn isotopic compositions measured by MC-ICP-MS are documented for 32 iron meteorites from various fractionally crystallized and silicate-bearing groups. The Zn-66 values range from -0.59 parts per thousand up to +5.61 parts per thousand with most samples being slightly enriched in the heavier isotopes compared with carbonaceous chondrites (0

Published
2013

7. Chromium isotope anomaly in an impactite sample from the El'gygytgyn structure, Russia: Evidence for a ureilite projectile?

Author

Julien Foriel, Toni Schulz, Christian Koeberl, and Frédéric Moynier

Subjects
geography, Felsic, geography.geographical_feature_category, Trace element, Geochemistry, Mineralogy, Impactite, Ureilite, Volcanic rock, Geophysics, Space and Planetary Science, Chondrite, Breccia, Impact structure, Geology
Abstract

The 3.6 Ma, 18-km-diameter El'gygytgyn impact structure (Arctic Russia) is unique among the currently known terrestrial impact craters in that it is the only one that was formed in acid volcanic rocks. Previous analyses of impactites from El'gygytgyn showed minor enrichments of the siderophile elements, including Ir, which, together with distinct Cr enrichments, gave rise to speculation that an achondritic projectile was involved. We studied the major and trace element composition in samples from the new ICDP drill core obtained near the center of the structure, as well as the chromium isotopic composition of an impact glass sample collected on the surface. Several suevitic breccias from the upper part of the suevite sequence in the drill core show higher Cr and Ni contents compared with felsic volcanic rocks in the lower part of the core and from surface samples. However, it is difficult to unambiguously establish a meteoritic component from trace element data, as input from (rare) mafic target rocks is a possibility. In contrast, the Cr isotopic composition of the impact glass sample yielded a nonterrestrial e 54 Cr value of 0.72 0.31 (2 std. err.). This negative e 54 Cr is different from known carbonaceous chondrite values (e 54 Cr of +0.95 to +1.65), but is nearly identical to reported values for ureilites (approximately 0.77). The value is, however, also within analytical error of eucrites (approximately 0.38) and ordinary chondrites (approximately 0.42). Given the chemical signatures found in previous analyses of El'gytgytgyn impactites and the similarity of our Cr isotopic data to ureilites, we suggest that the impacting asteroid could have been an F-type asteroid of mixed composition, similar to the recent Almahata Sitta fall in Sudan.

Published
2013

8. The Cu isotopic composition of iron meteorites

Author

Matthew Cole Bishop, Julien Foriel, Frédéric Moynier, Charlotte Weinstein, Kun Wang, and Jean-Gabriel Fraboulet

Subjects
Isotope, Analytical chemistry, Geochemistry, Iron meteorite, Isotopic composition, Mantle (geology), Metal, Geophysics, Meteorite, Space and Planetary Science, Chondrite, visual_art, visual_art.visual_art_medium, Planetary differentiation, Geology
Abstract

– High-precision Cu isotopic compositions have been measured for the metal phase of 29 iron meteorites from various groups and for four terrestrial standards. The data are reported as the δ65Cu permil deviation of the 65Cu/63Cu ratio relative to the NIST SRM 976 standard. Terrestrial mantle rocks have a very narrow range of variations and scatter around zero. In contrast, iron meteorites show δ65Cu approximately 2.3‰ variations. Different groups of iron meteorites have distinct δ65Cu values. Nonmagmatic IAB-IIICD iron meteorites have similar δ65Cu (0.03 ± 0.08 and 0.12 ± 0.10, respectively), close to terrestrial values (approximately 0). The other group of nonmagmatic irons, IIE, is isotopically distinct (−0.69 ± 0.15). IVB is the iron meteorite group with the strongest elemental depletion in Cu and samples in this group are enriched in the lighter isotope (δ65Cu down to −2.26‰). Evaporation should have produced an enrichment in 65Cu over 63Cu (δ65Cu >0) and can therefore be ruled out as a mechanism for volatile loss in IVB meteorites. In silicate-bearing iron meteorites, Δ17O correlates with δ65Cu. This correlation between nonmass-dependent and mass-dependent parameters suggests that the Cu isotopic composition of iron meteorites has not been modified by planetary differentiation to a large extent. Therefore, Cu isotopic ratios can be used to confirm genetic links. Cu isotopes thus confirm genetic relationships between groups of iron meteorites (e.g., IAB and IIICD; IIIE and IIIAB); and between iron meteorites and chondrites (e.g., IIE and H chondrites). Several genetic connections between iron meteorites groups are confirmed by Cu isotopes, (e.g., IAB and IIICD; IIIE and IIIAB); and between iron meteorites and chondrites (e.g., IIE and H chondrites).

Published
2012

9. Nuclear field shift effect as a possible cause of Te isotopic anomalies in the early solar system-An alternative explanation of Fehr et al. (2006 and 2009)

Author

Toshiyuki Fujii, Frédéric Moynier, and Francis Albarède

Subjects
Mass number, Geophysics, Field (physics), Accretion (meteorology), Isotope, Space and Planetary Science, Chemistry, Chondrite, Isotope geochemistry, Mineralogy, Astrophysics, Formation and evolution of the Solar System, Effective nuclear charge
Abstract

We explore the possibility that Te isotopic anomalies measured in Ca-Al-rich inclusions (Fehr et al. 2009) and in leachates of carbonaceous chondrites (Fehr et al. 2006) may be due to mass-independent effects controlled by nuclear field shift rather than to nucleosynthetic processes. Fehr et al.s spectrum of mass-independent anomalies of Te isotopes shows a smooth correlation with mass number and nuclear charge distribution. Ratios of even to odd isotopes, as the 125Te/126Te ratio used by these authors for normalization are particularly prone to nuclear field shift effects. We show that the alternative normalization of isotopic ratios to 130Te/126Te strongly reduces the trend of isotopic fractionation with mass number, leaving only 125Te as truly anomalous. For both normalizations (125Te/126Te and 130Te/126Te), Fehr et al.s results fit the theory of Bigeleisen (1996), which suggests that the nuclear field shift effect can potentially account for the observed Te isotope abundances, as an alternative to nucleosynthetic processes. We propose that these mass-independent effects may be acquired during accretion of sulfides from the solar nebula.

Published
2009

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