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21 results on '"Foster, Nicola"'

6. Methodological Issues to Consider When Collecting Data to Estimate Poverty Impact in Economic Evaluations in Low-income and Middle-income Countries

Author

Sweeney, Sedona, Vassall, Anna, Foster, Nicola, Simms, Victoria, Ilboudo, Patrick, Kimaro, Godfather, Mudzengi, Don, and Guinness, Lorna

Abstract

Out-of-pocket spending is increasingly recognized as an important barrier to accessing health care, particularly in low-income and middle-income countries (LMICs) where a large portion of health expenditure comes from out-of-pocket payments. Emerging universal healthcare policies prioritize reduction of poverty impact such as catastrophic and impoverishing healthcare expenditure. Poverty impact is therefore increasingly evaluated alongside and within economic evaluations to estimate the impact of specific health interventions on poverty. However, data collection for these metrics can be challenging in intervention-based contexts in LMICs because of study design and practical limitations. Using a set of case studies, this letter identifies methodological challenges in collecting patient cost data in LMIC contexts. These components are presented in a framework to encourage researchers to consider the implications of differing approaches in data collection and to report their approach in a standardized and transparent way.

Published
2016

7. Using Top-down and Bottom-up Costing Approaches in LMICs: The Case for Using Both to Assess the Incremental Costs of New Technologies at Scale

Author

Cunnama, Lucy, Sinanovic, Edina, Ramma, Lebogang, Foster, Nicola, Berrie, Leigh, Stevens, Wendy, Molapo, Sebaka, Marokane, Puleng, McCarthy, Kerrigan, Churchyard, Gavin, and Vassall, Anna

Abstract

PURPOSE: Estimating the incremental costs of scaling-up novel technologies in low-income and middle-income countries is a methodologically challenging and substantial empirical undertaking, in the absence of routine cost data collection. We demonstrate a best practice pragmatic approach to estimate the incremental costs of new technologies in low-income and middle-income countries, using the example of costing the scale-up of Xpert Mycobacterium tuberculosis (MTB)/resistance to riframpicin (RIF) in South Africa. MATERIALS AND METHODS: We estimate costs, by applying two distinct approaches of bottom-up and top-down costing, together with an assessment of processes and capacity. RESULTS: The unit costs measured using the different methods of bottom-up and top-down costing, respectively, are $US16.9 and $US33.5 for Xpert MTB/RIF, and $US6.3 and $US8.5 for microscopy. The incremental cost of Xpert MTB/RIF is estimated to be between $US14.7 and $US17.7. While the average cost of Xpert MTB/RIF was higher than previous studies using standard methods, the incremental cost of Xpert MTB/RIF was found to be lower. CONCLUSION: Costs estimates are highly dependent on the method used, so an approach, which clearly identifies resource-use data collected from a bottom-up or top-down perspective, together with capacity measurement, is recommended as a pragmatic approach to capture true incremental cost where routine cost data are scarce.

Published
2016

13. Connectivity of Caribbean coral populations: complementary insights from empirical and modelled gene flow

Author

FOSTER, NICOLA L., primary, PARIS, CLAIRE B., additional, KOOL, JOHNATHAN T., additional, BAUMS, ILIANA B., additional, STEVENS, JAMIE R., additional, SANCHEZ, JUAN A., additional, BASTIDAS, CAROLINA, additional, AGUDELO, CLAUDIA, additional, BUSH, PHILLIPPE, additional, DAY, OWEN, additional, FERRARI, RENATA, additional, GONZALEZ, PATRICIA, additional, GORE, SHANNON, additional, GUPPY, REIA, additional, McCARTNEY, MICHAEL A., additional, McCOY, CROY, additional, MENDES, JUDITH, additional, SRINIVASAN, ASHWANTH, additional, STEINER, SASCHA, additional, VERMEIJ, MARK J. A., additional, WEIL, ERNESTO, additional, and MUMBY, PETER J., additional

Published
2012
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14. Molecular characterisation of a recurrent, semi-crypticRUNX1translocation t(7;21) in myelodysplastic syndrome and acute myeloid leukaemia

Author

Foster, Nicola, primary, Paulsson, Kajsa, additional, Sales, Mark, additional, Cunningham, Joan, additional, Groves, Michael, additional, O’Connor, Nigel, additional, Begum, Suriya, additional, Stubbs, Tracy, additional, McMullan, Dominic J., additional, Griffiths, Michael, additional, Pratt, Norman, additional, and Tauro, Sudhir, additional

Published
2010
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17. Somatic genetic changes accompanying lung tumor development

Author

Foster, Nicola A., primary, Banerjee, Anindo K., additional, Xian, Jian, additional, Roberts, Ian, additional, Pezzella, Francesco, additional, Coleman, Nicholas, additional, Nicholson, Andrew G., additional, Goldstraw, Peter, additional, George, Jeremy P., additional, and Rabbitts, Pamela H., additional

Published
2005
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19. Foreword: Health Economic Evaluations in Low- and Middle-income Countries: Methodological Issues and Challenges for Priority Setting

Author

Pitt, Catherine, Vassall, Anna, Teerawattananon, Yot, Griffiths, Ulla K., Guinness, Lorna, Walker, Damian, Foster, Nicola, and Hanson, Kara

Subjects
middle‐income countries, economic evaluation, Supplement Article, cost‐effectiveness, priority setting, Economic evaluations in low‐and middle‐income countries: Methodological issues and challenges for priority‐setting, Foreword: Health Economic Evaluations in Low‐income and Middle‐Income Countries: Methodological Issues and Challenges for Priority Setting, low‐income countries

20. Methodological Issues to Consider When Collecting Data to Estimate Poverty Impact in Economic Evaluations in Low-income and Middle-income Countries.

Author

Sweeney S, Vassall A, Foster N, Simms V, Ilboudo P, Kimaro G, Mudzengi D, and Guinness L

Subjects
Data Collection economics, Economics, Medical, Health Expenditures, Health Services Research, Humans, Research Design, Cost-Benefit Analysis methods, Data Collection methods, Developing Countries economics, Health Care Costs, Poverty economics
Abstract

Out-of-pocket spending is increasingly recognized as an important barrier to accessing health care, particularly in low-income and middle-income countries (LMICs) where a large portion of health expenditure comes from out-of-pocket payments. Emerging universal healthcare policies prioritize reduction of poverty impact such as catastrophic and impoverishing healthcare expenditure. Poverty impact is therefore increasingly evaluated alongside and within economic evaluations to estimate the impact of specific health interventions on poverty. However, data collection for these metrics can be challenging in intervention-based contexts in LMICs because of study design and practical limitations. Using a set of case studies, this letter identifies methodological challenges in collecting patient cost data in LMIC contexts. These components are presented in a framework to encourage researchers to consider the implications of differing approaches in data collection and to report their approach in a standardized and transparent way., (© 2016 The Authors. Health Economics published by John Wiley & Sons Ltd.)

Published
2016
Full Text
View/download PDF

21. Using Top-down and Bottom-up Costing Approaches in LMICs: The Case for Using Both to Assess the Incremental Costs of New Technologies at Scale.

Author

Cunnama L, Sinanovic E, Ramma L, Foster N, Berrie L, Stevens W, Molapo S, Marokane P, McCarthy K, Churchyard G, and Vassall A

Subjects
Cost-Benefit Analysis, Data Interpretation, Statistical, Humans, Mycobacterium tuberculosis isolation & purification, South Africa, Tuberculosis, Pulmonary drug therapy, Tuberculosis, Pulmonary economics, Developing Countries, Health Care Costs, Inventions economics, Technology Assessment, Biomedical, Tuberculosis, Pulmonary diagnosis
Abstract

Purpose: Estimating the incremental costs of scaling-up novel technologies in low-income and middle-income countries is a methodologically challenging and substantial empirical undertaking, in the absence of routine cost data collection. We demonstrate a best practice pragmatic approach to estimate the incremental costs of new technologies in low-income and middle-income countries, using the example of costing the scale-up of Xpert Mycobacterium tuberculosis (MTB)/resistance to riframpicin (RIF) in South Africa., Materials and Methods: We estimate costs, by applying two distinct approaches of bottom-up and top-down costing, together with an assessment of processes and capacity., Results: The unit costs measured using the different methods of bottom-up and top-down costing, respectively, are $US16.9 and $US33.5 for Xpert MTB/RIF, and $US6.3 and $US8.5 for microscopy. The incremental cost of Xpert MTB/RIF is estimated to be between $US14.7 and $US17.7. While the average cost of Xpert MTB/RIF was higher than previous studies using standard methods, the incremental cost of Xpert MTB/RIF was found to be lower., Conclusion: Costs estimates are highly dependent on the method used, so an approach, which clearly identifies resource-use data collected from a bottom-up or top-down perspective, together with capacity measurement, is recommended as a pragmatic approach to capture true incremental cost where routine cost data are scarce., (© 2016 The Authors. Health Economics published by John Wiley & Sons Ltd.)

Published
2016
Full Text
View/download PDF

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