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In this work, we consider the 3D visual tracking problem for a robot manipulator with uncertainties in the kinematic and dynamic models. The visual feedback is provided by a fixed and uncalibrated camera located above the robot workspace. The Cartesian motion of the robot end effector can be separated into a 1D motion parallel to the optical axis of the camera and a 2D motion constrained on a plane orthogonal to this axis. Thus, the control design can be simplified, and the overall visual servoing system can be partitioned in two almost-independent subsystems. Adaptive visual servoing schemes, based on a kinematic approach, are developed for image-based look-and-move systems allowing for both depth and planar tracking of a reference trajectory, without using image velocity and depth measurements. In order to include the uncertain robot kinematics and dynamics in the presented solution, we develop a cascade control strategy based on an indirect/direct adaptive method. The stability and convergence properties are analyzed in terms of Lyapunov-like functions and the passivity-based formalism. Numerical simulations including hardware-in-the-loop results, obtained with a robot manipulator and a web camera, are presented to illustrate the performance and feasibility of the proposed control scheme. Copyright © 2016 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.

A novel output-feedback sliding mode control strategy is proposed for a class of single-input single-output (SISO) uncertain time-varying nonlinear systems for which a norm state estimator can be implemented. Such a class encompasses minimum-phase systems with nonlinearities affinely norm bounded by unmeasured states with growth rate depending nonlinearly on the measured system output and on the internal states related with the zero-dynamics. The sliding surface is generated by using the state of a high gain observer (HGO) whereas a peaking free control amplitude is obtained via a norm observer. In contrast to the existing semi-global sliding mode control solutions available in the literature for the class of plants considered here, the proposed scheme is free of peaking and achieves global tracking with respect to a small residual set. The key idea is to design a time-varying HGO gain implementable from measurable signals. Copyright © 2010 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.