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Abstract Background Patients with non‐small‐cell lung cancer (NSCLC) receiving immunotherapy face a potential risk of developing checkpoint inhibitor‐related pneumonitis (CIP). However, there is no clear understanding of the specific link between interstitial lung abnormality (ILA) and CIP in patients with small‐cell lung cancer (SCLC). In addition, the prognosis of SCLC patients with ILA who receive chemoimmunotherapy is uncertain. Our study aimed to investigate the effect of ILA on the occurrence of CIP in SCLC patients receiving first‐line chemoimmunotherapy and to assess its relationship with prognosis. Methods We conducted a retrospective analysis of SCLC patients who received chemoimmunotherapy as a first‐line treatment between January 2018 and April 2024. The diagnosis of ILA was assessed by two experienced pulmonologists based on pretreatment chest computed tomography images. We investigated independent risk factors for CIP using logistic regression analysis and factors affecting PFS and OS using Cox regression analysis. Results A total of 128 patients with SCLC were included in the study. ILA was present in 41 patients (32.03%), and CIP occurred in 16 patients (12.50%). In multivariate logistic regression analysis, previous ILA (OR, 5.419; 95% CI, 1.574–18.652; p = 0.007) and thoracic radiation therapy (TRT) (OR, 5.259; 95% CI, 1.506–18.365; p = 0.009) were independent risk factors for CIP. ILA (HR, 2.083; 95% CI, 1.179–3.681; p = 0.012) and LDH (HR, 1.002; 95% CI, 1.001–1.002; p

Abstract Realizing spin transport between heavy metal and two‐dimensional (2D) magnetic materials at high Curie temperature (TC) is crucial to advanced spintronic information storage technology. Here, environmentally stable 2D nonlayered Fe3O4 nanosheets are successfully synthesized using a reproducible process and found that they exhibit vortex magnetic domains at room temperature. A Verwey phase transition temperature (TV) of ≈110 K is identified for ≈3 nm thick nanosheet through Raman characterization and spin Hall device measurement of the Pt/Fe3O4 bilayer. The anisotropic magnetoresistance ratio decreases near TV, while both the spin Hall magnetoresistance ratio and spin mixing conductance (Gr) increase at TV. As the temperature approaches 112 K, the anomalous Hall effect ratio tends to become zero. The maximum Gr reaches ≈5 × 1015 Ω−1m−2 due to the clean and flat interface between Pt and 2D nanosheet. The observed spin transport behavior in Pt/Fe3O4 spin Hall devices indicates that 2D Fe3O4 nanosheets possess potential for high‐power micro spintronic storage devices applications.

Abstract Fatty acids (FAs) are vital biomolecules crucial for determining food quality for higher trophic levels. To investigate FA transfer and turnover time in predators, we conducted a diet switch experiment using jellyfish polyps. These polyps were fed food sources including Artemia sinica nauplii and FA‐manipulated copepod Pseudodiaptomus annandalei, maintained on distinct algal diets with varied FA compositions. Our findings reveal that copepods may have a strong potential to synthesize long‐chain polyunsaturated FA to maintain biochemical homeostasis when consuming low‐quality food. Consequently, the species‐specific fatty acid composition within plankton, combined with effects of seasonal environmental fluctuations and climate change, leads to changes in the FA composition of foundational food web components. These alterations create a complex “nutrient black box” effect as they propagate up trophic levels. Our study shows that jellyfish polyps fail to accumulate EPA and DHA but display high levels of ARA compared to their zooplankton and phytoplankton food sources, suggesting a potential association with dietary EPA and DHA through an unidentified pathway. Certain FA components indicate variations in the turnover time when polyps undergo a dietary shift. Understanding the trajectory of FA metabolism across the “phytoplankton–zooplankton” interface, along with its turnover time, provides crucial insights for modeling diet estimation of components within food webs.

Abstract Diabetic retinopathy (DR) is a leading cause of irreversible blindness in the working‐age populations. Despite decades of research on the pathogenesis of DR for clinical care, a comprehensive understanding of the condition is still lacking due to the intricate cellular diversity and molecular heterogeneity involved. Single‐cell RNA sequencing (scRNA‐seq) has made the high‐throughput molecular profiling of cells across modalities possible which has provided valuable insights into complex biological systems. In this review, we summarise the application of scRNA‐seq in investigating the pathogenesis of DR, focusing on four aspects. These include the identification of differentially expressed genes, characterisation of key cell subpopulations and reconstruction of developmental ‘trajectories’ to unveil their state transition, exploration of complex cell‒cell communication in DR and integration of scRNA‐seq with genome‐wide association studies to identify cell types that are most closely related to DR risk genetic loci. Finally, we discuss the future challenges and expectations associated with studying DR using scRNA‐seq. We anticipate that scRNA‐seq will facilitate the discovery of mechanisms and new treatment targets in the clinical care landscape for patients with DR. Key points Progress in scRNA‐seq for diabetic retinopathy (DR) research includes studies on DR patients, non‐human primates, and the prevalent mouse models. scRNA‐seq facilitates the identification of differentially expressed genes, pivotal cell subpopulations, and complex cell‐cell interactions in DR at single‐cell level. Future scRNA‐seq applications in DR should target specific patient subsets and integrate with single‐cell and spatial multi‐omics approaches.

Abstract 2D magnetic materials hold substantial promise in information storage and neuromorphic device applications. However, achieving a 2D material with high Curie temperature (TC), environmental stability, and multi‐level magnetic states remains a challenge. This is particularly relevant for spintronic devices, which require multi‐level resistance states to enhance memory density and fulfil low power consumption and multi‐functionality. Here, the synthesis of 2D non‐layered triangular and hexagonal magnetite (Fe3O4) nanosheets are proposed with high TC and environmental stability, and demonstrate that the ultrathin triangular nanosheets show broad antiphase boundaries (bAPBs) and sharp antiphase boundaries (sAPBs), which induce multiple spin precession modes and multi‐level resistance. Conversely, the hexagonal nanosheets display slip bands with sAPBs associated with pinning effects, resulting in magnetic‐field‐driven spin texture reversal reminiscent of “0” and “1” switching signals. In support of the micromagnetic simulation, direct explanation is offer to the variation in multi‐level resistance under a microwave field, which is ascribed to the multi‐spin texture magnetization structure and the randomly distributed APBs within the material. These novel 2D magnetite nanosheets with unique spin textures and spin dynamics provide an exciting platform for constructing real multi‐level storage devices catering to emerging information storage and neuromorphic computing requirements.

Abstract Customizable and number‐tunable enzyme delivery nanocarriers will be useful in tumor therapy. Herein, a phage vehicle, T4‐Lox‐DNA‐Fe (TLDF), which adeptly modulates enzyme numbers using phage display technology to remodel the tumor microenvironment (TME) is presented. Regarding the demand for lactic acid in tumors, each phage is engineered to display 720 lactate oxidase (Lox), contributing to the depletion of lactic acid to restructure the tumor's energy metabolism. The phage vehicle incorporated dextran iron (Fe) with Fenton reaction capabilities. H2O2 is generated through the Lox catalytic reaction, amplifying the H2O2 supply for dextran iron‐based chemodynamic therapy (CDT). Drawing inspiration from the erythropoietin (EPO) biosynthetic process, an EPO enhancer is constructed to impart the EPO‐Keap1 plasmid (DNA) with tumor hypoxia‐activated functionality, disrupting the redox homeostasis of the TME. Lox consumes local oxygen, and positive feedback between the Lox and the plasmid promotes the expression of kelch ECH Associated Protein 1 (Keap1). Consequently, the downregulation of the antioxidant transcription factor Nrf2, in synergy with CDT, amplifies the oxidative killing effect, leading to tumor suppression of up to 78%. This study seamlessly integrates adaptable T4 phage vehicles with bio‐intelligent plasmids, presenting a promising approach for tumor therapy.

Abstract Due to the increasing interdependencies of power networks (PNs) and communication networks (CNs) in cyber‐physical power systems (CPPSs), the interdependent networks tend to be more vulnerable since failures could propagate recursively between the two networks. However, there is little study on the vulnerability analysis of CPPSs considering unexpected disruptive events or adversarial attacks. Despite being a useful tool for evaluating cascading failures in interdependent networks, the topology‐based percolation theory does not apply to CPPSs as neglecting the propagation dynamics and power flow characteristics. To this end, this paper improves the percolation theory by modelling the failure propagation mechanism to assess the vulnerability of CPPSs. Firstly, a percolation‐based failure propagation simulator (PFPS) is developed, wherein the virus‐caused propagation dynamics of the cyber layer, flow‐based failure propagation mode of the physical layer, and multi‐state interdependences between the cyber layer and physical layer are incorporated. By considering the nodal states and flow‐related operating states, percolation equations and termination conditions of PFPS are formulated. Based on the calculation results of PFPS, metrics in terms of topological integrity, power supply reliability, and failure probability are constructed to quantify both system and component vulnerability. The effectiveness of the proposed method is validated by the test CPPSs.

Abstract This article presents a novel method for fastly obtaining orthotropic material parameters in permanent magnet synchronous motor. First, a theoretical model of the equivalent single cylindrical shell is introduced with three orthotropic material parameters by considering the orthotropic characteristics of the motor. Then, the relationship of three orthotropic material parameters and the axial mode order m, the radial mode order n and modal frequency f is established. On this basis, an analytical method with m = 0 is proposed to acquire three values, and its adaptability is pointed out. Meanwhile, based on the above obtained orthotropic material parameters, the calculation method of modal frequencies is presented. Finally, the modal test and finite‐element method are implemented to verify the rationality of the proposed method.

Abstract Aim Postoperative pain has adverse effects on children with urological problems, including sleep disturbances, incision dehiscence, bleeding and delayed recovery. Accurate parental assessment of children's behaviours and responses could help to manage postoperative pain. We aimed to implement evidence‐based practice for parental involvement in a urology ward, to increase parents' participation in children's postoperative pain management. Design The project was conducted in a paediatric urology ward using the framework and methods of the Fudan University Evidence‐Based Nursing Center's Evidence‐based Continuous Quality Improvement Model. Methods Fifteen audit criteria were used to represent best practice recommendations for parental involvement in postoperative pain management. A pre‐implementation audit was conducted with 211 randomly sampled children and parents. Obstacles, promoting factors and key strategies were analysed, and evidence‐based interventions implemented to improve compliance. A follow‐up audit using the same audit criteria was conducted with 202 children and parents to assess the effect of targeted strategies on compliance with best practice. The SQUIRE guidelines were followed. Results At the baseline audit, compliance with the evidence‐based criteria was 0%–71.5%; only five audit criteria achieved a compliance rate > 60%. After best practice implementation, the follow‐up audit showed compliance improvements for all criteria; compliance for three criteria improved to 100%. Patient or Public Contribution This best practice implementation project improved parents' participation in children's postoperative pain management. The findings demonstrate how audits can promote best practice in postoperative pain management for children. Additional studies will be conducted to address children's postoperative life quality based on best practice.

Abstract Systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) is a complex autoimmune disease with abnormal activation of the immune system. Recent attention is increasing about how aberrant lipid and cholesterol metabolism is linked together with type I interferon (IFN‐I) signaling in the regulation of the pathogenesis of SLE. Here, a metabonomic analysis is performed and increased plasma concentrations of oxysterols, especially 7α, 25‐dihydroxycholesterol (7α, 25‐OHC), are identified in SLE patients. The authors find that 7α, 25‐OHC binding to its receptor Epstein–Barr virus‐induced gene 2 (EBI2) in macrophages can suppress STAT activation and the production of IFN‐β, chemokines, and cytokines. Importantly, monocytes/macrophages from SLE patients and mice show significantly reduced EBI2 expression, which can be triggered by IFN‐γ produced in activated T cells. Previous findings suggest that EBI2 enhances immune cell migration. Opposite to this effect, the authors demonstrate that EBI2‐deficient macrophages produce higher levels of chemokines and cytokines, which recruits and activates myeloid cells,T and B lymphocytes to exacerbate tetramethylpentadecane‐induced SLE. Together, via sensing the oxysterol 7α, 25‐OHC, EBI2 in macrophages can modulate innate and adaptive immune responses, which may be used as a potential diagnostic marker and therapeutic target for SLE.

Abstract Tropospheric ozone (O3) concentration continued to increase over past years, thereby becoming a growing environmental concern in China. Most studies have focused on the analysis of daily maximum 8‐hr O3 concentration, while there is still a dearth of investigations of nocturnal O3. Here, by analyzing the data of 1,313 sites from the China National Environmental Monitoring Center, we show a remarkable increase in the nocturnal O3 concentration during summertime of 2015–2019 in most regions of China, revealing an aggravation of nocturnal O3 pollution. Combining with a GeoDetector model and statistical analysis, we clarify that the aggravation of nocturnal O3 pollution is mainly caused by reduction in both ambient nitrogen dioxide (NO2) concentration and wet scavenging in recent years. We further reveal that the increasing O3 may have enhanced the nocturnal particulate nitrate (NO3−) formation through N2O5 heterogeneous hydrolysis, and thereby driving the variation and long‐term trend of nocturnal NO3−.

Abstract Background Chemoresistance influences the therapeutic effect of cisplatin and remains a major obstacle to its clinical use. MicroRNAs are associated with drug resistance of various tumors. However, the association between microRNAs and cisplatin in lung cancer remains largely unclear. Methods MicroRNA expression profile was identified by microRNA microarray between the lung cancer cisplatin‐sensitive cell line A549 (A549) and cisplatin‐resistant cell line A549/DDP (A549/DDP) and confirmed by quantitative real‐time‐PCR (qRT‐PCR). In vitro loss‐ and gain‐of‐function studies were performed to reveal the biological function of miR‐192 and related mechanism of the microRNA‐192/NKRF axis in lung cancer cell cisplatin resistance. Results Increased miR‐192 expression was detected in A549/DDP cells compared to A549. High miR‐192 expression significantly suppressed apoptosis, enhanced proliferation, and conferred resistance to cisplatin in lung cancer cells. NF‐κB repressing factor (NKRF), which is involved in the regulation of the NF‐κB signaling pathway, was identified as a direct target of miR‐192. Overexpression of miR‐192 significantly increased the nuclear protein amount and transcriptional activation of NF‐κB and expression of cIAP1, cIAP2, Bcl‐xl and XIAP, whereas decreased miR‐192 expression did the opposite. Inhibition of the NF‐κB signal pathway by curcumin reversed the effect of upregulation of miR‐192 on proliferation, apoptosis and cisplatin‐resistance in lung cancer cells. These results indicated that miR‐192/ NKRF axis enhances the cisplatin resistance of lung cancer cells through activating the NF‐κB pathway in vitro. Conclusions MiR‐192 plays a crucial role in cisplatin‐resistance of lung cancer cells. Thus, MiR‐192 may represent a therapeutic target for overcoming resistance to cisplatin‐based chemotherapy in lung cancer.

Abstract Background Lung adenocarcinoma (LUAD) is the main subtype of primary lung cancer and is a leading cause of cancer‐related death worldwide. PIWI‐interacting RNAs (piRNAs) are a type of small non‐coding RNAs that may play crucial roles in cancer progression and serve as biomarkers for tumor detection. This study aimed to explore the expression profiles and diagnostic values of piRNAs in LUAD. Methods Small RNA sequencing was performed to investigate tissue piRNA profiles of LUAD. The expression of selected upregulated piRNAs were detected in tissues and serum exosome samples by quantitative real‐time polymerase chain reaction (qRT‐PCR). Serum exosomes were identified by transmission electron microscope, nanoparticle tracking analysis, and western blot analysis. Receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve was adopted to quantify the diagnostic potentials of piRNAs in LUAD. Finally, a piRNA panel was developed by multivariate logistic regression model. Results We identified that 76 piRNAs were overexpressed and 9 piRNAs were underexpressed in LUAD tissues compared with adjacent non‐tumor tissues. Among the top 10 overexpressed piRNAs, 4 piRNAs (piR‐hsa‐26925, piR‐hsa‐5444, piR‐hsa‐30636, and piR‐hsa‐8757) were verified by qRT‐PCR to be significantly upregulated in LUAD tissues. Moreover, piR‐hsa‐26925 and piR‐hsa‐5444 had a significantly higher level in serum exosome samples of LUAD patients than those of healthy controls. We finally established a 2‐piRNA panel composed of piR‐hsa‐26925 and piR‐hsa‐5444, which showed higher diagnostic performance for LUAD with an AUC of 0.833. Conclusions Our finding revealed the abnormally expressed piRNAs in LUAD, and serum exosomal piR‐hsa‐26925 and piR‐hsa‐5444 could serve as potential biomarkers for LUAD diagnosis.

Abstract An efficient method that utilizes simple techniques, easy operation, and low‐cost production to create flexible graphene‐based materials is a worthy practical challenge. A rapid strategy for preparing flexible, functional graphene oxide (GO) is introduced using GO‐ethanol dispersion filtration. The filtration process is highly efficient and drying time is significantly reduced by employing ethanol as solvent, due to the fact that ethanol is a volatile liquid. Freestanding GO papers can be harvested with ultralarge size (700 cm2), color variety, and writable characteristics. After reduction, N‐doped graphene (NDG) papers still maintain good foldability with improved electric conductivity and porous structure. When used as an electrode for a supercapacitor, the flexible NDG paper device demonstrates good electrochemical performance even with size expansion and extreme double folding. Moreover, this NDG paper capacitor device shows a good electrosorption performance for capacitive deionization of sulfate and chromate in groundwater system. These flexible GO and NDG papers promise potential to facilitate the production of graphene‐based materials for practical applications in energy and environmental related fields.

Abstract Aims/Introduction The aim of the present study was to analyze the strength of association between fasting plasma glucose (FPG), 2‐h postprandial glucose (2h PPG), hemoglobin A1c (HbA1c), disposition index (DI) and nine anthropometrics measures, to explore the best indicator for hyperglycemia. Materials and Methods Analyses were based on the cross‐sectional data of 3,572 adults from the Pinggu Metabolic Disease Study. Anthropometrics were measured, visceral fat area (VFA) and subcutaneous fat area were calculated using an abdominal computed tomography scan. Linear regression was used to analyze the association between FPG, 2h PPG, HbA1c, DI and nine anthropometrics measures (height, weight, waist circumference [WC], body mass index and waist‐to‐hip ratio [WHR], waist‐to‐height ratio, VFA, subcutaneous fat area, and visceral‐to‐subcutaneous ratio). Logistic regression was further carried out to understand the association between per standard increase and risk for hyperglycemia. Results Higher VFA and subcutaneous fat area were associated with higher FPG, 2h PPG, HbA1c and DI after adjusting for other covariates. The strongest association observed after adjustment was WC for FPG, with one standard deviation greater WC being associated with 1.70 increased odds; WHR for 2h PPG, with one standard deviation greater WHR being associated with 1.83 increased odds. The strength of the association between VFA and FPG, 2h PPG, HbA1c, and DI was less than WHR and WC, but slightly stronger than body mass index. Stratified analyses showed that VFA performs better as an anthropometrics indicator in predicting hyperglycemic risk in women than men. Conclusions WHR and WC remain the best indicators for hyperglycemic risk among ahealthy Chinese population.

Exosomes released by tumor cells have been recently identified as important determinants of tumor progression. They often carry circular RNAs that are differentially expressed in tumors and may regulate tumorigenesis and metastasis. Here, we showed that supernatant of 97H hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) cell line could promote metastasis in L02 human liver cells and HCC cell lines. Moreover, we determined that circ_MMP2 (has_circ_0039411) could be delivered by 97H‐ or LM3 cell‐derived exosomes to L02 and HepG2 cell cultures. High expression of circ_MMP2 led to the upregulation of its host gene matrix metallopeptidase 2 (MMP2) via the sponging of miR‐136‐5p. Rescue assays demonstrated that miR‐136‐5p and MMP2 were two essential participants in HCC metastasis. Finally, high level of circ_MMP2 or MMP2, as well as low level of miR‐136‐5p, was correlated with low overall survival of HCC patients. Our study highlights a novel molecular pathway in HCC cell‐derived exosomes.

Abstract Alternate day fasting (ADF), the most popular form of caloric restriction, has shown to improve metabolic health in preclinical subjects, while intrinsic network underpinning the process remains unclear. Here, it is found that liver undergoes dramatic metabolic reprogramming during ADF, accompanied surprisingly with unique complex II dysfunction attributing to suspended complex II assembly via suppressing SDHAF4, a recently identified assembly factor. Despite moderate mitochondrial complex II dysfunction, hepatic Sdhaf4 knockout mice present intriguingly improved glucose tolerance and systemic insulin sensitivity, consistent with mice after ADF intervention. Mechanistically, it is found that hepatocytes activate arginine‐nitric oxide (NO) biosynthesis axle in response to complex II and citric acid cycle dysfunction, the release of NO from liver can target muscle and adipocytes in addition to its autocrine action for enhanced insulin sensitivity. These results highlight the pivotal role of liver in ADF‐associated systemic benefits, and suggest that targeting hepatic complex II assembly can be an intriguing strategy against metabolic disorders.

Abstract In anurans, the complexity of courtship calls may affect female mate choice. The current study suggests that nonlinear phenomena (NLP) components can contribute to increasing complexity in courtship calls and attracting female attention. The results of a recent study showed that calls of large odorous frog (Odorrana graminea) contained NLP components. However, whether the nonlinear components of courtship calls in O. graminea improve male attractiveness remains unknown. We hypothesized that female O. graminea would prefer males producing calls with a higher proportion of NLP components (P‐NLP‐C). To test this hypothesis, we recorded the advertisement calls of 28 males and confirmed that the P‐NLP‐C was significantly positively related to body size. We also measured the body size of natural amplectant males and non‐amplectant males in the field and found that amplectant males had larger body sizes than non‐amplectant males, and the results of two‐choice amplexus experiments similarly revealed a female preference for males with larger body sizes. Additionally, phonotaxis experiments also revealed that females preferred male calls with a high P‐NLP‐C. The results suggest that a higher P‐NLP‐C in calls can enhance male attractiveness, and the P‐NLP‐C may provide key information about male body conditions for female O. graminea. Our study provides a new insight for better understanding the role of NLP in anuran mate selection.

Abstract Apostichopus japonicus is a useful model for studying organ regeneration, and the gut microbiota is important for host organ regeneration. However, the reconstruction process and the mechanisms of gut microbiota assembly during gut regeneration in sea cucumbers have not been well studied. In the present study, gut regeneration was induced (via evisceration) in A. japonicus, and gut immune responses and bacterial diversity were investigated to reveal gut microbiota assembly and its possible mechanisms during gut regeneration. The results revealed that bacterial community reconstruction involved two stages with distinct assembly mechanisms, where the reconstructed community was initiated from the bacterial consortium in the residual digestive tract and tended to form a novel microbiota in the later stage of reconstruction. Together, the results of immunoenzyme assays, community phylogenetic analysis, and source tracking suggested that the host deterministic process was stronger in the initial stage than in the later stage. The bacterial interactions that occurred were significantly different between the two stages. Positive interactions dominated in the initial stage, while more complex and competitive interactions developed in the later stage. Such a dynamic bacterial community could provide the host with energetic and immune benefits that promote gut regeneration and functional recovery. The results of the present study provide insights into the processes and mechanisms of gut microbiota assembly during intestinal regeneration that are valuable for understanding gut regeneration mechanisms mediated by the microbiota.

Summary Poly‐γ‐glutamic acid (γ‐PGA) is a biocompatible and biodegradable polypeptide with wide‐ranging applications in foods, cosmetics, medicine, agriculture and wastewater treatment. Bacillus amyloliquefaciens LL3 can produce γ‐PGA from sucrose that can be obtained easily from sugarcane and sugar beet. In our previous work, it was found that low intracellular glutamate concentration was the limiting factor for γ‐PGA production by LL3. In this study, the γ‐PGA synthesis by strain LL3 was enhanced by chromosomally engineering its glutamate metabolism‐relevant networks. First, the downstream metabolic pathways were partly blocked by deleting fadR, lysC, aspB, pckA, proAB, rocG and gudB. The resulting strain NK‐A6 synthesized 4.84 g l−1 γ‐PGA, with a 31.5% increase compared with strain LL3. Second, a strong promoter PC2up was inserted into the upstream of icd gene, to generate strain NK‐A7, which further led to a 33.5% improvement in the γ‐PGA titre, achieving 6.46 g l−1. The NADPH level was improved by regulating the expression of pgi and gndA. Third, metabolic evolution was carried out to generate strain NK‐A9E, which showed a comparable γ‐PGA titre with strain NK‐A7. Finally, the srf and itu operons were deleted respectively, from the original strains NK‐A7 and NK‐A9E. The resulting strain NK‐A11 exhibited the highest γ‐PGA titre (7.53 g l−1), with a 2.05‐fold improvement compared with LL3. The results demonstrated that the approaches described here efficiently enhanced γ‐PGA production in B. amyloliquefaciens fermentation.

Abstract Introduction It remains unclear whether marital status could affect the breast cancer‐caused special survival (BCSS) of patients with breast cancer. Therefore, we sought to explore the influence of demographic and pathological factors on prognosis of patients with breast cancer. Materials and methods We selected patients meeting the eligibility criteria from the Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results (SEER) cancer registry program. We assessed the effect of marital status on overall survival (OS) and BCSS using Kaplan‐Meier curve and multivariate Cox proportional hazards regression. Results Compared with divorced/separated/widowed (DSW) patients, the married (AHR 0.7483, 95% CI: 0.729‐0.7682, P

Measuring the intrinsic deformability of arbitrary small‐scale subdivision of a shape is an interesting meanwhile valuable research topic. Such measurement can be directly utilised as a reliable criteria to partition shape into small components and then assist in shape modelling and description. Compared to global modelling, through constructing subdivision‐based complex shape description, the accuracy and flexibility of shape representation can be significantly improved. In this study, the authors propose a line segment advection (LSA)‐based vertex‐level three‐dimensional shape deformability measuring method. It can highlight the deformability characteristics of each shape part in any scale and size. The measurement is realised mainly based on the advection of line segments connecting neighbouring shape mesh vertices. For 3D shapes, since the line segment of triangular mesh facet directly reflects the minimal neighbourhood relationships and mesh microstructure, its advection can capture the finest details of shape deformability. Then, after transferring that information into neighbouring vertices, a vertex‐level shape deformability measurement can be acquired. Besides, to demonstrate the value of the proposed measuring method to shape partitioning and piecewise shape modelling, a straightforward shape partitioning method is introduced as well. Extensive experiments on three publicly available databases are conducted to verify the effectiveness of proposed methods.

Abstract Hypoxia leads to up‐regulation of PD‐L1 and decreases T lymphocyte infiltration, thus boosting immunotherapeutic resistance of tumors. Moreover, tumor‐infiltrating myeloid cells such as myeloid‐derived suppressor cells (MDSCs) correlate with potent immune suppressive activity and resistance to the immune checkpoint blocking (ICB) in tumor sites. Here, a multifunctional nanoregulator incorporating MnO2 particles and small molecular IPI549 is developed, which can reshape the tumor immune microenvironment (TIME) to unleash the immune system. The intravenously administered nanoregulator effectively accumulates in tumor sites to alleviate hypoxia via oxygen‐generating reduction of MnO2 and to inhibit PI3Kγ on MDSCs via IPI549 release in the tumor microenvironment (TME), which results in concurrent downregulation of PD‐L1 expression, polarization of tumor associated macrophages (TAMs) toward pro‐inflammatory M1‐like phenotype (tumor‐suppressive), enhanced infiltration of CD4+ helper T lymphocytes (Th cells), and cytotoxic CD8+ T lymphocytes (Tc cells), and suppressed infiltration of regulatory T lymphocytes (Treg cells) for effective tumor immunotherapy. Furthermore, the local generation of Mn2+ in TME allows tumor‐specific magnetic resonance imaging (MRI). More excitingly, the nanoregulator‐reshaped TIME is effectively reserved due to the synergistic effect of hypoxia alleviation and MDSC PI3Kγ inhibition, leading to remarkable post‐medication inhibition of tumor re‐growth and metastasis in an animal study.