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A case of clear cell adenocarcinoma arising in the female urethra is described. The tumor had a tubulocystic pattern and intracytoplasmic glycogen, resembling clear cell carcinomas that occur in the vagina and upper female genital tract. Ultrastructural study, however, showed abundant and elongated microvilli on the tumor cells, a feature not seen in clear cell carcinomas or other common forms of carcinoma arising in the female genital tract. Six other cases of similar tumors of the female urethra were found in medical literature, yet there was no example of this tumor in the bladder or male urethra. Clinical and ultrastructural observations suggest that clear cell carcinoma of the female urethra is a distinctive neoplasm. Abundant microvilli provide morphologic evidence supporting the possibility of origin from the mesonephros. Radical extirpative surgery with urinary diversion appears to be the treatment of choice.