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Objectives: To explore dental clinics’ performance on periodontal education by comparing knowledge about periodontal health of regular and inconsistent dental attenders. Subjects and Methods: A population-based study with a cross-sectional design was performed in Galicia (Northwestern Spain). Participants were randomly selected from 16 different areas and a questionnaire applied face-to-face. The survey included items on socio-demographic features, habits and routines, periodontal status and periodontal health knowledge. Participants were grouped according to the median of overall knowledge, and a logistic regression analysis was performed to explore the relationship between good periodontal knowledge and frequency of dental visits. Results: A total of 8,206 individuals were invited to enter the study, and 3,553 of them accepted the invitation (43.3%). Most participants (59.3%; n = 1,945) fit within the regular dental attenders’ group. Younger women holding a university degree and visiting their dentist regularly elicited higher knowledge about periodontal health. Regular use of dental services increased the chances of being in the higher knowledge group (OR: 1.67; 95% CI: 1.40–2.00). Conclusions: Reported regular dental attendance is related to periodontal health knowledge. Specific interventions for promoting tailored patient education on periodontal topics during routine dental visits may have a positive effect on laypersons’ knowledge about periodontal health.

OBJECTIVES To assess periodontal awareness among laypersons, to characterize the very aware of periodontitis and to disclose whether high awareness implies sufficient periodontal knowledge. SUBJECTS AND METHODS Cross-sectional study on laypersons randomly selected by quota sampling from March 2015 to June 2016. The questionnaire of periodontal awareness included aspects of aetiology, risk factors, signs and symptoms, related risks, prevention, treatment and related attitudes. It was applied by 12 interviewers in the community in each four province capitals, in a sort of pathfinder survey method. RESULTS A 43.3% response rate was obtained, and 3,553 people entered the study. "Very aware": 19.4%. "Aware": 42.7%. "Not aware": 37.9%. Age, oral self-care and educational achievements characterized those "very aware." Any additional degree beyond compulsory education halves the chances for being "not periodontally aware." Very aware people likely to have periodontitis were elder, less educated, with a smoking history and less knowledge of the disease. Gaps of knowledge among the "very aware" were identified in all aspects except for "prevention" and "treatment.". CONCLUSIONS Very periodontally aware people were in their late 40-60 s, followed sound oral care routines and held a degree but elicited insufficient knowledge about aetiology, signs-symptoms, related risks or periodontal risk factors.

Background: Engaging relatives in the care of critically ill patients is associated with better outcomes. It is crucial to empower relatives to provide feedback. Valid satisfaction instruments are essential to identify best practices and areas for improvement. Aim: The aim of the study was to adapt the Spanish version of the EMpowerment of PArents in The Intensive Care-30 (EMPATHIC-30) questionnaire in adult intensive care units (ICUs) and psychometrically test the EMpowerment of PAtients in The Intensive Care-Family (EMPATHIC-F) questionnaire to measure family satisfaction. Design: This is a cross-sectional, prospective study conducted in two adult ICUs. Participants were relatives of patients who were discharged alive from the ICUs with an ICU length-of-stay >24 hours. The EMPATHIC-F questionnaire is divided into five domains that are related to the family-centred care principles. Responses are provided on a 6-point ordinal Likert scale, a score of >5 is considered acceptable. Results: Patients' relatives confirmed the adaptation of the instrument. A total of 262 relatives responded to the EMPATHIC-F questionnaire (97% response rate). The empirical structure of the instrument was established by confirmatory factor analysis confirming 30 statements within five theoretically conceptualized domains: information, care and treatment, family participation, organization, and professional attitude. On item level, two statements scored a mean below 5.0. Cronbach's α at the domain level was between .64 and .75. Congruent validity was adequate between the five domains and four general satisfaction items (r's .26-.54). The non-differential validity was confirmed with no significant effect size between three patients' demographic characteristics and the domains. Conclusions: The EMPATHIC-F questionnaire is a reliable and valid quality performance indicator to measure the perceptions of family members in adult ICU settings. Relevance to clinical practice: The EMPATHIC-F questionnaire can be used to benchmark and provides a framework for standardized quality improvement towards the development of a family-centred care philosophy within adult ICUs SI

Background: Early diagnosis may improve patients’ quality of life and reduce the lifelong social and financial burden inherent to treatment. Growing evidence supports the importance of a healthy periodontium in systemic health. Diagnosis depends on the patient and the healthcare professional. As many patients seek physicians’ advice first, this study aims at assessing periodontal knowledge in a general population and their primary care physicians and nurses. Methods: This is a cross-sectional study using an anonymous questionnaire applied to randomly selected laypersons (March to June 2016), and to physicians and nurses at their workplaces (October to December 2016) in Ourense, Spain. Sample size for the general population was determined by quota sampling. Results: A total of 1,469 people entered the study. All healthcare workers and 624 (47.1%) laypersons were familiar with periodontitis. Bacterial etiology of periodontitis was recognized by 25 (4%) laypersons, 23 (34.3%) physicians, and 11 (16.6%) nurses. The following periodontal problems were experienced: 1) gingival redness: laypersons 14.4%, physicians 16.4%, and nurses 21.2%; 2) gingival bleeding: laypersons 22.2%, physicians 50.7%, and nurses 50%; 3) tooth mobility: laypersons 34.9%, physicians 7.4%, and nurses 6%; and 4) bleeding while toothbrushing: laypersons 44.3%, physicians 8.9%, and nurses 15.1%. More than a third of laypersons (37%) think periodontitis is related to other health problems, together with 53% of physicians and 47% of nurses. Conclusions: Our results show a low degree of periodontal knowledge both amongst the public and their primary care physicians and nurses and unveil unreliable targets (primary healthcare workers) for educational interventions to improve early diagnosis and treatment of periodontal disorders.

Poor awareness of periodontal diseases and their consequences has been reported as the most frequent reason for periodontal treatment failure on a community basis. This study aims to identify the most relevant gaps of knowledge about periodontal diseases among the general public and to disclose whether these gaps are culturally consistent.Systematic searches were conducted of the EMBASE, PubMed, and SciELO databases (1998 to November 2014). The search strategy was "periodontitis OR periodontal disease" and "knowledge OR awareness" as keywords and free text. Papers were included if they reported on community-based, quantitative studies undertaken on adult individuals.A total of 2,330 references were identified (1,567 single papers), and six papers were finally selected. Raw data were grouped into nine dimensions of periodontal knowledge: 1) awareness; 2) etiology; 3) associated risks; 4) signs and symptoms; 5) risk factors; 6) treatment; 7) general knowledge; 8) prevention; and 9) attitudes. This classification recognized disease awareness (80%), etiology (75%), and periodontal-related risks (71.43%) as the most important knowledge deficits among the general public. These findings were confirmed by weighted data analysis.The number of available community-based investigations on periodontal knowledge is scarce and restricted to areas with a very high level of human development. Gaps of knowledge exist in every geographic area, with the most relevant issues of low awareness and poor knowledge about the etiology of periodontal diseases and their relation with systemic disorders. These results highlight the need for local, community-based investigations about periodontal knowledge and barriers hampering early diagnosis, as well as for adequate educational interventions focused on these issues.