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BACKGROUND Violence is an important public health problem that threatens the peace of mind in health institutions as well as in many other sectors. In recent studies, it was stated that violence occurs more frequently in healthcare centers compared to other establishments. In terms of being exposed to violence, healthcare personnel is at 16 times more risk. Violence against healthcare employees has increased gradually in Turkey and the world; it's a serious occupational hazard to consider. AIMS The aim of our study was to analyze the situation about violence against physicians, to emphasize its importance, to shed light on preventive measures and to create programs and to raise awareness of violence against physicians. METHODS This descriptive study was conducted between October-December 2017. A link was sent to the participants to participate voluntarily through the social media platforms mostly used by physicians and they were asked to fill out a questionnaire. RESULTS 83.3% of the 948 physicians that participated have experienced at least one episode of violence so far. The most common type of violence was verbal. More than half of violent events occurred in hospitals. One-third of the physicians did nothing in the face of violence, more than half could not report this situation due to lack of time, only one-quarter of those who sought support received it. Only 23.7% of the perpetrators were punished, while physicians saw the lack of deterrent sanctions as the main cause of violence. While 90.2% of physicians feel occupational burnout, 81.6% thought that physicians can protect themselves through effective legislation against violence in healthcare. CONCLUSION The Law on Violence in Health should be enacted and put into practice as soon as possible.

We suppose that apigenin may inhibit the cellular process of sepsis-induced lung injury, which is considered to be a major cause of morbidity and mortality, and may improve inflammation and oxidative stress. The aim of this study was to investigate the potential protective effect of apigenin in a rat model of polymicrobial sepsis. Eight groups consisting of a total of 64 female Wistar albino rats were used for this study. Pro-inflammatory (TNF-α, IL-1-β, IL-6) and anti-inflammatory (TGF-β, IL-10) cytokine levels were measured with the enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay technique, oxidant/antioxidants parameters were measured using the spectrophotometric method and Bax and Caspase-3 immunohistochemical methods. TNF-α, TGF-β, IL-1β, and IL-6 levels significantly increased in the sepsis-induced group than in the control groups, while IL-10 levels decreased. Lipid peroxidase (LPO), an oxidative stress marker, increased, while the antioxidant defense parameters of superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase (CAT) activities, glutathione (GSH) levels decreased. Although Bax and Caspase-3 immunoreactivity and H score levels significantly increased in the sepsis group, significant decreases were found in the groups treated with apigenin. In conclusion, we are of the opinion that apigenin treatment improves lung injury by inhibiting oxidative stress and inflammatory cell damage.

Introduction: While concentric left ventricular hypertrophy (cLVH) predominates in non–dialysis-dependent chronic kidney disease (CKD), eccentric left ventricular hypertrophy (eLVH) is most prevalent in dialysis-dependent CKD stage 5 (CKD5D). In these patients, the risk of sudden death is 5× higher than in individuals with cLVH. Currently, it is unknown which factors determine left ventricular (LV) geometry and how it changes over time in CKD5D. Methods: Data from participants of the CONvective TRAnsport Study who underwent serial transthoracic echocardiography were used. Based on left ventricular mass (LVM) and relative wall thickness (RWT), 4 types of left ventricular geometry were distinguished: normal, concentric remodeling, eLVH, and cLVH. Determinants of eLVH were assessed with logistic regression. Left ventricular geometry of patients who died and survived were compared. Long-term changes in RWT and LVM were evaluated with a linear mixed model. Findings: Three hundred twenty-two patients (63.1 ± 13.3 years) were included. At baseline, LVH was present in 71% (cLVH: 27%; eLVH: 44%). Prior cardiovascular disease (CVD) was positively associated with eLVH and s-blocker use inversely. None of the putative volume parameters showed any relationship with eLVH. Although eLVH was most prevalent in non-survivors, the distribution of left ventricular geometry did not vary over time. Discussion: The finding that previous CVD was positively associated with eLVH may result from the permanent high cardiac output and the strong tendency for aortic valve calcification in this group of long-term hemodialysis patients, who suffer generally also from chronic anemia and various other metabolic derangements. No association was found between eLVH and parameters of fluid balance. The distribution of left ventricular geometry did not alter over time. The assumption that LV geometry worsens over time in susceptible individuals, who then suffer from a high risk of dying, may explain these findings.