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Abstract Smart cities consist of various energy systems and services that must be optimally scheduled to improve energy efficiency and reduce operation costs. The smart city layout comprises a power distribution system, a thermal energy system, a water system, and the private and public transportation systems. Additionally, several new technologies such as reconfiguration, regenerative braking energy of the metro, etc. are considered. This study is one of the first to consider all these technologies together in a smart city. The proposed power distribution system is a grid‐connected hybrid AC–DC microgrid. The biogeography‐based optimization algorithm was utilized to seek the best solution for scheduling micro‐turbines, fuel cells, heat pumps, desalination units, energy storage systems, AC–DC converters, purchasing power from the upstream, distributed energy resources, and transferring power amongst electric vehicle parking stations and metro for the next day. Also, the reduced unscented transformation layout was used to capture the system's uncertainty. The suggested layout is implemented on an enhanced IEEE 33‐bus test system to show the efficiency of the suggested method. The results show that costs and environmental pollution are reduced. By comparing the proposed smart city with other studies, the efficiency and completeness of the proposed smart city are shown.

Abstract Morbihan's disease is a rare condition characterized by chronic facial edema. While its exact cause is unknown, it is thought to involve local cutaneous vascularization and lymphatic drainage imbalance. Traditional treatment options are often ineffective, and no established efficient treatment exists. We present a case study of a 17‐year‐old male with Morbihan's syndrome who showed resistance to traditional treatments but responded well to a combination of cromolyn sodium nasal spray and oral montelukast after histopathology revealed hyperplasia of plasma cells and mast cells. This combination has not been used before for Morbihan's syndrome. Our review of the literature also provides insight for clinicians seeking to manage this condition.

Abstract Canavan disease is a leukodystrophy caused by ASPA mutations that diminish oligodendroglial aspartoacylase activity, and is characterized by markedly elevated brain concentrations of the aspartoacylase substrate N‐acetyl‐l‐aspartate (NAA) and by astroglial and intramyelinic vacuolation. Astroglia express NaDC3 (encoded by SLC13A3), a sodium‐coupled transporter for NAA and other dicarboxylates. Astroglial conditional Slc13a3 deletion in aspartoacylase‐deficient Canavan disease model mice (“CD mice”) reversed brain NAA elevation and improved motor function. These results demonstrate that astroglial NaDC3 contributes to brain NAA elevation in CD mice, and suggest that suppressing astroglial NaDC3 activity would ameliorate human Canavan disease.

Abstract Background and Aims Paravalvular leak (PVL) is a serious complication of prosthetic valve replacement. Both surgical and percutaneous closure techniques are used for PVL closure, but optimal strategies and comparative outcomes are uncertain. This study aimed to compare the efficacy and safety of percutaneous versus surgical PVL closure by analyzing changes in leak severity, functional status, echocardiographic parameters, and clinical outcomes. Methods A total of 72 patients were included in this retrospective cross‐sectional single‐center study comparing percutaneous (n = 25) and surgical (n = 47) PVL closure from 2015 to 2022. Demographics, medical history, echocardiograms, laboratory data, complications, and mortality data were extracted from the records. Changes in leak severity, NYHA class, echocardiographic parameters, and clinical outcomes were compared between the percutaneous and surgical groups. Results Both percutaneous and surgical PVL closure significantly reduced leak severity and improved NYHA class (both p

Abstract Background Adopting a healthy lifestyle and improvements in medical care have led to an increase in life expectancy. Thus, the development and implementation of techniques for assessing healthy lifestyles have garnered more attention recently. Finding and evaluating healthy lifestyle assessment tools across all demographics is the goal of this systematic review. Method Using online databases PubMed, Scopus, Web of Science, and APA PsycINFO, a systematic literature review was carried out in accordance with Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Review and Meta‐analyses. Registration DOI https://doi.org/10.17605/OSF.IO/ZD9XK for the review has been set on Open Science Framework (OSF). Using the quality standards proposed for measuring features of health status surveys, two independent reviewers evaluated the methodological quality ratings of the eligible studies. Results From 7480 studies, 47 eligible instruments were identified and included in the review. Most of the studies followed the World Health Organization's definition of healthy lifestyle to develop the scales. The instruments are categorized into those used to assess general lifestyle or healthy lifestyle in general as well as in the clinical population. Physical activity, nutrition, tobacco use, alcohol use, and stress management were the most assessed modules of healthy lifestyle. Furthermore, validity, reliability, responsiveness, floor and ceiling effects, and interpretability were among the psychometric qualities that were frequently assessed. Conclusion Lifestyle questionnaires can be used to identify specific risk factors in a variety of populations, as well as to plan community‐based intervention programs, by acting as a predictive diagnostic tool and preventive measure. The majority of the assessments of healthy lifestyles that are currently accessible require improvements.

Key Clinical Message The use of phototherapy is highly effective in treating various skin diseases. In this study, the aim is to present vesicular and blister lesions in patients treated with UVB for psoriasis. It is advisable to consider the possibility of BSLE in cases of vesiculobullous lesions following phototherapy, along with other potential diagnoses. Abstract Bullous systemic lupus erythematosus (BSLE) is a rare form of cutaneous lupus erythematosus that presents as vesicles and blisters on various parts of the body. The pathological appearance of these lesions often shows subepidermal vesicles with deposits of IgG, IgM, IgA, and complement C3 in granular or linear forms under direct immunofluorescence (DIF) examination. Clinical studies demonstrate the effectiveness of phototherapy in treating various skin conditions. While several studies suggest a correlation between phototherapy and the development of vesiculobullous lesions, most of these reports are related to bullous pemphigoid, with limited research on the occurrence of BSLE following phototherapy. In this case report, vesicular and blistering lesions in a 70‐year‐old man undergoing UVB treatment for psoriasis are described. Pathological examination confirmed the diagnosis of bullous systemic lupus erythematosus, and the patient experienced significant improvement after treatment with dapsone tablets. A literature review was conducted on the development of vesiculobullous lesions after phototherapy, comparing different approaches presented in previous studies. Our conclusion highlights the importance of considering BSLE as a possible diagnosis in cases of vesiculobullous lesions post‐phototherapy, alongside other potential conditions.

Key Clinical Message Melkersson–Rosenthal syndrome can cause recurring bilateral facial paralysis. When steroids fail, surgical decompression of facial nerve is recommended, with endoscopic trans‐canal decompression as a safe, minimally invasive, and effective option. Abstract Melkersson–Rosenthal syndrome (MRS) is a rare neuro‐mucocutaneous disorder, clinically diagnosed by a triad of orofacial swelling, recurrent facial palsy, and fissured tongue. Due to the lack of a comprehensive understanding of MRS, there is no accepted standard of care. In this study we report a 30‐year‐old female patient, who was referred to the otolaryngology clinic of Rasool Akram Hospital, with classical triad of MRS that was managed by endoscopic trans‐canal facial nerve decompression. Bilateral endoscopic trans‐canal facial nerve decompression was done when we did not find any improvement with systemic steroids. Endoscopic trans‐canal facial nerve decompression could be a safe, reliable minimal invasive treatment of facial paralysis in MRS patients. It needs no external incision or temporal bone drilling which makes this method more convenient for patients with shorter recovery time.

ABSTRACT Plant‐based proteins continue to gain popularity as a sustainable alternative to animal proteins due to their nutritional, functional and health benefits. Dry and wet fractionation methods are increasingly being used for the production of value‐added pulse protein ingredients. The objective of this study was to compare the nutritional properties, protein quality, physicochemical properties and secondary structure of Australian faba bean and yellow pea protein concentrates and protein isolates obtained by dry and wet fractionation. Amino acid scores highlighted that faba bean and yellow pea protein isolates and concentrates were deficient in the sulphur‐containing amino acids, methionine and cysteine and tryptophan. Faba bean (63.7%) and yellow pea protein (63.0%) isolates had higher in vitro protein digestibility‐corrected amino acid scores compared to the protein concentrates, being 50.7% and 54.4%, respectively. Fourier‐transform infrared spectroscopy revealed different secondary structures between protein concentrates and isolates, especially for the amide I region. Faba bean and yellow pea protein concentrates had higher protein solubility (46.2% and 50.1%, respectively) and higher foaming capacity (65% and 59%, respectively) compared to the protein isolates. Water‐holding capacity was higher for faba bean and yellow pea protein isolates, being 4.3% and 4.0 g/g, respectively. These findings demonstrate that faba bean and yellow pea protein concentrates and isolates have unique functional properties that can be exploited for use in a diverse range of new and existing food applications.

Abstract Objective This study aims to describe temporal trends of thyroid cancer (ThC) from 2010 to 2019, in Asian countries by geographical region and sociodemographic index, compared with global data. Method Annual case data and age‐standardized rates (ASRs) of epidemiological indicators of ThC cancer data were collected from the 2019 Global Burden of Disease (GBD) study from 2010 to 2019 in 49 countries and territories in Asia. The relative difference (%) between years was used to show comparative variations of ASRs for the indicators studied. The female/male ratio was calculated by dividing female ASRs by male ASRs. Also, these rates were compared between the age group ≥70 years old and younger age groups. Results In 2019, more than 50% of ThC cases and deaths occurred in Asian countries. A total of 53% of ThC patients lived in Asia and more than 60% of the global burden of ThC was imposed on Asian countries. From 2010 to 2019, incidences, deaths, prevalence cases, and DALYs number of ThC cancer increased over 1.28‐, 1.26‐, 1.3‐, and 1.2‐fold, in Asia, respectively. During this period, the age‐standardized incidence rate (ASIR) and the age‐standardized prevalence rate (ASPR) of ThC cancer increased by 5% and 8%, respectively, while the age‐standardized death rate (ASDR) and the age‐standardized DALYs rate (DALYs ASR) of ThC cancer decreased by 6% and 4%, respectively. These trends are different from what happens in other continents. In 2019, age‐specific incidence, death, prevalence, and DALY cases of ThC cancer were peaking at 50–54, 75–79, 50–54, and 55–59 years, respectively. In 2019, the highest ASIR and ASPR of ThC cancer was observed in high‐income Asia Pacific countries and the highest ASDR and DALYs ASR in Southeast Asia countries. Only high‐income Asia Pacific countries experienced a decreasing trend in ASIR and ASPR from 2010 to 2019. ASDR and DALYs ASR have the highest decreasing trend in high‐income Asia Pacific. In 2019, among high SDI Asian countries, the Republic of Korea had the highest ASIR and ASPR, and Brunei Darussalam had the highest ASDR and DALYs ASR. The highest ASIR, ASDR, ASPR, and DALY ASR of ThC cancer was found in Lebanon and Malaysia (high‐middle SDIs), Vietnam (middle SDIs), and Cambodia and Palestine (low‐middle SDIs). Among low SDI Asian countries, Pakistan had the highest ASIR, ASDR, ASPR, and DALY ASR of ThC cancer. All indicators for most countries were higher in women than men. Conclusion More than half of the burden of thyroid cancer is imposed on the residents of the Asian continent. Although the incidence and prevalence of this cancer in Asian countries is lower than that of the world, America, and Europe, the highest rate of death from thyroid cancer occurs in Asia and they witness the highest burden of the disease. Therefore, it seems that implementing early detection strategies and increasing access to treatment facilities in Asia is one of the necessities of thyroid cancer control in its residents.

Abstract The occurrence of inter‐area oscillations in a power system is challenging to prevent. Thus, it is imperative to dampen inter‐area oscillations due to their potential to cause various instability problems. In this study, the Fuzzy Elman Wavelet Neural Network (FEWNN) was created as a novel neuro‐fuzzy network that combines the beneficial features of the Wavelet Neural Network (WNN), Takagi‐Sugeno‐Kang (TSK) fuzzy model, and cross‐coupled feedbacks inspired by the Elman Neural Network (ENN). Compared to alternative fuzzy wavelet networks, the representations of high‐order nonlinear dynamic systems in the proposed novel FEWNN are more effective, the training speed and computational power are greater, and interval type‐2 fuzzy membership functions are able to manage uncertainties in the power system. This paper uses FEWNN to develop a novel method for damping inter‐area oscillations caused by flexible alternating current transmission systems (FACTS) employing a supplementary damping controller (SDC) based on direct adaptive control theory (DACT). The proposed SDC is integrated into a Static Synchronous Series Compensator (SSSC) in a two‐machine two‐area power system and Kundor's four‐machine two‐area power system, as well as a Unified Power Flow Controller (UPFC) in Kundor's four‐machine two‐area power system. In conclusion, the damping power of the system is compared to that of other SDCs presented in recent studies. The MATLAB/SIMULINK environment was used to conduct all simulations for this work.

Abstract Objective To evaluate the alterations of language and memory functions using dynamic causal modeling, in order to identify the epileptogenic hemisphere in temporal lobe epilepsy (TLE). Methods Twenty‐two patients with left TLE and 13 patients with right TLE underwent functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) during four memory and four language mapping tasks. Dynamic causal modeling (DCM) was employed on fMRI data to examine effective directional connectivity in memory and language networks and the alterations in people with TLE compared to healthy individuals. Results DCM analysis suggested that TLE can influence the memory network more widely compared to the language network. For memory mapping, it demonstrated overall hyperconnectivity from the left hemisphere to the other cranial regions in the picture encoding, and from the right hemisphere to the other cranial regions in the word encoding tasks. On the contrary, overall hypoconnectivity was seen from the brain hemisphere contralateral to the seizure onset in the retrieval tasks. DCM analysis further manifested hypoconnectivity between the brain's hemispheres in the language network in patients with TLE compared to controls. The CANTAB® neuropsychological test revealed a negative correlation for the left TLE and a positive correlation for the right TLE cohorts for the connections extracted by DCM that were significantly different between the left and right TLE cohorts. Interpretation In this study, dynamic causal modeling evidenced the reorganization of language and memory networks in TLE that can be used for a better understanding of the effects of TLE on the brain's cognitive functions.

Abstract Several chemotherapy regimens have been developed for the treatment of acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL), but relapse still presents the most common obstacles to attaining long‐term survival. The hyper‐CVAD (hyperfractionated cyclophosphamide, vincristine, doxorubicin, and prednisolone)/HD MTX and Ara‐C (high‐dose methotrexate and cytarabine) chemotherapy regimen was first started in the MD Anderson Cancer Center as an intensive regimen for adult patients with ALL. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the effectiveness of a modified hyper‐CVAD protocol. We used hyper‐CVAD as consolidation/maintenance after remission induction with daunorubicin, vincristine, and prednisolone (and cyclophosphamide for T‐cell ALL only) rather than standard hyper‐CVAD in order to reduce treatment complications. This study was conducted as a retrospective review of medical records of ALL patients at 501 army hospital, Tehran, Iran, from 2005 to 2015. Three hundred and one patients underwent modified hyper‐CVAD chemotherapy regimen. Complete remission and overall survival (OS) rates were measured as primary endpoints. Two hundred and forty‐six (81.7%) reached complete remission (CR) during the first 6 months of treatment, and 55 patients (18.3%) did not reach CR. The 5‐year OS rate was 51.8% (95% CI (confidence interval): 45.1–57.8%). Modified hyper‐CVAD regimen is an efficient intensive chemotherapy regimen for consolidation/maintenance of adults with newly diagnosed ALL and has an acceptable 5‐year overall that is comparable to standard hyper‐CVAD regimen.