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Aims to describe a case in which dental changes were observed and investigation proceeded to consider Enamel-Renal-Syndrome (ERS), a rare disorder that associates amelogenesis imperfecta with nephrocalcinosis. Case report an 11-year-old male patient upon intraoral examination revealed generalized gingival hyperplasia, a few teeth were absent clinically and the remaining ones were yellowish-brown in color. The enamel alterations were suggesting of amelogenesis imperfecta. Unerupted teeth with increased pericoronal spaces, suggesting hyperplasic follicles or dentigerous cysts and an enamel with lower thickness and density were observed in the panoramic radiography. The patient was referred for an assay to investigate mucopolysaccharidosis; however, it was negative. A renal ultrasound showed bilateral nephrocalcinosis and laboratory exams, including calcium, phosphate, and creatinine levels were below the average. An incisional gingival biopsy showed numerous round to ovoid basophilic calcifications in the connective tissue. The final diagnosis was ERS. Conclusion Dentists should refer patients with similar clinical presentation for renal ultrasound evaluation in order to rule out the possible diagnosis of ERS.

Goncalves L da R, Soares MR, Nogueira FCS, Garcia CHS, Camisasca DR, Domont G, Feitosa ACR, Pereira DA, Zingali RB, Alves G. Analysis of the salivary proteome in gingivitis patients. J Periodont Res 2011; 46: 599–606.©2011 John Wiley & Sons A/S Background and Objective: Gingivitis is a disease that is characterized by inflammation of the gingival tissue, which can progress to periodontitis and tooth loss. Although many studies have attempted to identify salivary proteins that are associated with the disease, this is the first study to use a proteomic approach to analyze and compare the proteomic profile of whole saliva from gingivitis patients and healthy controls. Material and Method: To analyze the saliva proteome, two-dimensional gel electrophoresis and liquid chromatography were used, followed by mass spectrometry. Results: The analyses showed that gingival inflammation was associated with increased amounts of blood proteins (serum albumin and hemoglobin), immunoglobulin peptides and keratins. In the control group, salivary cystatins, which were detected using capillary Liquid Chromatography on line to electrospray ionization Quadrupole Time-of-flight mass spectrometry, appeared to be more abundant. Conclusion: This approach provides novel insight into profiles of the salivary proteome during gingival inflammation, which may contribute to improvements in diagnosis.