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What is the key clinically controllable preventive measure that may help reduce the incidence of biological complications?Implant complications are common, ineffective care, and delay in diagnosis can lead to expensive time-consuming surgical and nonsurgical interventions. Careful selection and placement of implant allow development of adequate emergence design of the implant suprastructure. This helps achieve effective plaque control, adequate maintenance at hygiene visits, accurate follow-up assessments of the peri-implant tissues addressing the key underlying factor impacting biological complications. This clinically controllable preventative measure may be considered a vital strategy in averting peri-implant disease.Surge in biological complications has led to increased patient dissatisfaction in terms of time, cost, esthetics, and maintenance. One of the factors identified in causing biological complications is the iatrogenic prosthesis-related factor. Minimizing the impact of this factor is crucial to the overall implant success. Selection and placement of implant following meticulous planning, using careful surgical protocols, allow development of adequate suprastructure design that improves overall patient outcomes by reducing biological complications. Further research is essential to comprehensively assess the impact of these strategies in thwarting development of biological complications.

Objective To better understand the potential effects after corticotomy accelerated osteogenic orthodontic treatment (CAOOT). Setting and sample population Systematic review with meta-analysis. Materials and methods A literature search up to August 2018 was conducted to identify randomized clinical studies (RCTs) on CAOOT reporting periodontal parameters, bone changes, patient-centred and short- and long-term adverse outcomes. A random-effects meta-analysis was performed on various parameters (bone density, buccal bone thickness, anchorage loss, visual analog scale, root resorption and retraction time) to quantify weighted treatment effects. Results A total of five split mouth, four parallel arms, one regular RCTs and two prospective CCTs were included (206 patients). Pooled data showed increase in bone thickness by 0.68 mm (95% CI: 1.17, 0.19) and reduced retraction time by 2.80 months (95% CI: -4.17, -1.43). There were statistically insignificant differences for root resorption 0.24 mm (95% CI: -0.49, 0.96), anchorage loss 0.49 mm (95% CI: -1.38, 0.40), worsening of periodontal parameters (gingival index) by 0.30 (95% CI: -0.83, 0.23) and mean increase in bone density of 7.07% on the corticotomy side at 6 months (95% CI: -3.24, 17.38). Conclusion Current evidence suggests a very low to low level of certainty (GRADE assessment) in regard to quantified effects after CAOOT. Although CAOOT procedures show insignificant increase in the density following the use of bone graft and anchorage loss, they appear to accelerate the tooth movement during the first few months, to increase the buccal bone thickness and to show good tolerance by the patients; the clinical significance of these changes may be considered questionable.

Elastin-Like Polypeptides (ELPs) reversibly phase separate in response to changes in temperature, pressure, concentration, pH, and ionic species. While powerful triggers, biological microenvironments present a multitude of more specific biological cues, such as antibodies, cytokines, and cell-surface receptors. To develop better biosensors and bioresponsive drug carriers, rational strategies are required to sense and respond to these target proteins. We recently reported that noncovalent association of two ELP fusion proteins to a "chemical inducer of dimerization" small molecule (1.5 kDa) induces phase separation at physiological temperatures. Having detected a small molecule, here we present the first evidence that ELP multimerization can also detect a much larger (60 kDa) protein target. To demonstrate this strategy, ELPs were biotinylated at their amino terminus and mixed with tetrameric streptavidin. At a stoichiometric ratio of [4:1], two to three biotin-ELPs associate with streptavidin into multimeric complexes with an apparent Kd of 5 nM. The increased ELP density around a streptavidin core strongly promotes isothermal phase separation, which was tuned to occur at physiological temperature. This phase separation reverses upon saturation with excess streptavidin, which only favors [1:1] complexes. Together, these findings suggest that ELP association with multimeric biomolecules is a viable strategy to deliberately engineer ELPs that respond to multimeric protein substrates.

Although asthma usually begins in childhood, limited information is available as to the inflammatory reaction of asthmatic children compared to adults and the influence of age. We investigated the cytology of bronchoalveolar lavage fluid (BALF) in 39 newly diagnosed wheezy children (minimum of 3 wheezing episodes during last 6 months): 21 allergic and 18 nonallergic subjects. None had received antiinflammatory treatment. Bronchoalveolar lavage (BAL) was performed, instilling 0.5 ml·kg−1 body weight of warmed saline in 4 successive fractions. The first 2 aliquots (BALF 1) were pooled for microbiology and cytology, and the last 2 (BALF 2) for cytology only. Recovery correlated inversely with age, the most significant being for BALF 2 (r = −0.52, P = 0.001). Children under 2 years of age had larger amounts of ciliated columnar and goblet cells (P = 0.0074). Other cell types did not show age dependency. Differential cytology was characterized by a high number of creola bodies, bronchial epithelial cells (M = 68 × 103·ml−1, R = 5–349), and neutrophils (M = 92 × 103·ml−1, R = 0–1,257). Eosinophils were the only cells distinguishing allergic from nonallergic subjects (P = 0.003). The 16 children with positive microbiology had more neutrophils than the noninfected (P = 0.008), the latter still having more neutrophils than found in adults. These data suggest a limited age dependency in BALF cytology. Differential cytology in BALF might be helpful in differentiating asthma in children. Neutrophil inflammation might be more important than in adults. Pediatr Pulmonol. 2003; 35:302–308. © 2003 Wiley-Liss, Inc.

This paper provides two new data sets for comparisons of real income in OECD countries. The first set provides adjusted real series for GDP and its components from 1960 to 1993 based on OECD 1990 purchasing power parities. The second set uses OECD PPP of different benchmark years, and interpolates these applying national price indices. Comparisons between both alternatives, Penn World Tahle Mark 5 (PWT 5) and its new version (PWT 5.6), in terms of economic growth and convergence, reveal some remarkable differences. Moreover, there are wider differences concerning the relative countries' position in GDP per capita ranking. Estimations of convergence equations based on OECD data yield a better fit than those obtained using PWT data, although there are also some significant differences between PWT 5 and PWT 5.6. Nevertheless, a very positive result is that other parameters of interest in these equations are not affected by the use of these different data sources.

BACKGROUND Mutations in Fibroblastic Growth Factor Receptors (FGFR) have been associated with human craniosynostotic birth defects like Crouzon syndrome. Several anecdotes and case reports have indicated higher incidence of gastrointestinal tract disorders in FGFR-associated craniosynostotic birth defects. Our objective was to characterize esophageal defects in a mouse model of human Crouzon syndrome, with a mutation in codon 290 of FGFR2. METHODS Dissected esophagi of Fgfr2W290R postnatal heterozygous (HET) and wild-type mice were analyzed by histological staining, immunohistochemically with cell proliferation marker, and functionally by strain gauge measures of electrically evoked contractile force. RESULTS The esophagi of HETs were noticeably smaller but with wider lumen than those of wild-type littermates. The HET esophagi showed a decrease in proliferation and an increase in expression of Sonic Hedgehog as compared to wild-type esophagi. Histological investigations revealed reduced amounts and disorganization of collagen in muscle layers. Functional analysis revealed altered contractile properties in HET with reduced peak amplitude and prolonged duration of evoked contractile force response and lower stimulation threshold. CONCLUSION The defects observed in the esophagus of the mutant may explain some of the clinical symptoms observed in humans, for example, recurrent vomiting, gastroesophageal reflux, and esophageal strictures. Taken together, our results provide evidence for the importance of Fibroblastic Growth Factor signaling in the growth and patterning of the esophagus, providing a possible scientific basis for the gastrointestinal tract clinical findings in craniosynostotic patients. Furthermore, the findings also provide a sound scientific rationale for any changes in the clinical management of gastrointestinal tract problems in patients with craniosynostotic defects. Birth Defects Research (Part A) 97:578–586, 2013. © 2013 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.

The radionuclide right ventricular ejection fraction (RVEF) determined by means of Krypton-81m represents a simple, noninvasive, and accurate procedure to quantify the right ventricular contractility. This procedure was applied to 25 young patients with cystic fibrosis. The RVEF tended to decrease with the progression of the lung disease, as assessed by the clinical S-K score, the degree of the defects on lung scintigraphy, the PaO/sub 2/, and the lung function tests. However, the decrease of RVEF in patients with marked lung function tests. However, the decrease of RVEF in patients with marked lung involvement was moderate, and terminal lung disease was sometimes associated with normal right heart contractility.

Cystic fibrosis (CF; McKusick 21970) is a common autosomal recessive disease in the Caucasian population with an incidence of approximately 1 in 1600 live births and a carrier frequency of 1 in 20. The biochemical pathology of CF is unknown, but recent work has implicated anion transport across membranes as the physiological basis of the disease (Li et al., 1988).