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Background During thoracoscopic segmentectomy, accurately and rapidly identifying the intersegmental plane (ISP) is of great importance. This study aimed to investigate the effect and safety of a nitrous oxide (N2O)/oxygen (O2) inspired mixture on the appearance time of the ISP (TISP) via the modified inflation‐deflation method. Methods A total of 65 participants who underwent segmentectomy were randomized into three groups: 75% N2O (n = 24), 50% N2O (n = 23) or 0% N2O (n = 18). The 75% N2O group received a gas mixture of N2O/O2 (Fio2 = 0.25), the 50% N2O group received N2O/O2 (Fio2 = 0.5), and the 0% N2O group received 100% oxygen during lung expansion. The appearance time of satisfactory and ideal planes was recorded. Furthermore, arterial blood gas at breathing room air, one‐lung ventilation (OLV) before lung expansion, 5 and 15 min after lung expansion were also recorded. Results TISP was significantly shorter in the 75% N2O group (320.2 ± 65.9 s) compared with that of the 50% N2O group (552.4 ± 88.9 s, p, 1. A modified inflation‐deflation method is a simple technique for distinguishing the intersegmental demarcations. 2. Nitrous oxide is an inhaled anesthetic gas with high gas solubility, which could accelerate the process of lung collapse. 3. A combination of nitrous oxide and the modified inflation‐deflation method can quickly and accurately identify lung resection borders.

Light‐emitting diodes (LEDs) made with quasi‐2D/3D and layered perovskites have undergone an unprecedented surge as their external quantum efficiency (EQE) is rapidly approaching other lighting technologies. Manipulating the charge recombination pathway in semiconductors is highly desirable for improving the device performance. This study reports high‐performance layered perovskites LEDs with benzyl ring as spacer where radiative recombination lifetime is longer, compared with much shorter alkyl chain spacer yields. Based on detailed optical and X‐ray absorption spectroscopy measurements, direct signature of charges localization is observed near the band edge in exchange with the shallow traps in benzyl organics containing layered perovskites. As a result, it boosts the photoluminescence intensity by 7.4 times compared to that made with the alkyl organics. As a demonstration, a bright LED made with the benzyl organics with current efficiency of 23.46 ± 1.52 cd A−1 is shown when the device emits at a high brightness of 6.6 ± 0.93 × 104 cd m−2. The average EQE is 9.2% ± 1.43%, two orders of magnitude higher than the device made with alkyl organics. The study suggests that the choices of organic spacers provide a path toward the manipulation of charge recombination, essential for efficient optoelectronic device fabrications., The charge recombination pathways in layered perovskites are closely related to the choice of the organic spacers. Using phenylethylamine as organic spacer greatly extends the charge recombination lifetime by localizing the hole near the band edge. Efficient Ruddlesden–Popper layered perovskites light emitting‐diodes are thus demonstrated.

When one characteristic of the system is linearly degenerate, under suitable boundary conditions, we get the existence of traveling wave solutions located on the corresponding characteristic trajectory to the one-sided mixed initial-boundary value problem. When the system is linearly degenerate, by introducing the semi-global normalized coordinates, we derive the related formulas of wave decomposition to prove the stability of traveling wave solutions corresponding to all leftward and the rightmost characteristic trajectories. Finally, for the traveling wave solutions corresponding to other rightward characteristic trajectories, some examples show their possible instability. Copyright © 2014 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.

Infrared transmitting glass–ceramics based on the selected glass of 65GeSe2–25Ga2Se3–10CsI were obtained by a two-stage heat-treatment method. Results of X-ray diffraction and scanning electronic microscopy indicated that droplet-like nanoparticles containing cubic Ga2� dGedSe3 crystals are homogeneously generated in the glass–ceramics and that the whole glass– ceramic process is composed of phase separation, nucleation, and crystal growth. Evolutions of the optical and mechanical properties of glass–ceramics versus annealing time at the firststage heat treatment were also investigated. Compared with the parent glass, the fabricated glass–ceramics show considerably enhanced fracture toughness, practicable infrared transparence, and microhardness, which confer them with considerable competitive advantages over currently used infrared materials.