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40 results on '"Crosby G"'

1. Recommendations for the nomenclature of cognitive change associated with anaesthesia and surgery-2018

Author

Evered, L, Silbert, B, Knopman, DS, Scott, DA, DeKosky, ST, Rasmussen, LS, Oh, ES, Crosby, G, Berger, M, Eckenhoff, RG, Evered, L, Silbert, B, Knopman, DS, Scott, DA, DeKosky, ST, Rasmussen, LS, Oh, ES, Crosby, G, Berger, M, and Eckenhoff, RG

Abstract

Cognitive change affecting patients after anaesthesia and surgery has been recognised for more than 100 yr. Research into cognitive change after anaesthesia and surgery accelerated in the 1980s when multiple studies utilised detailed neuropsychological testing for assessment of cognitive change after cardiac surgery. This body of work consistently documented decline in cognitive function in elderly patients after anaesthesia and surgery, and cognitive changes have been identified up to 7.5 yr afterwards. Importantly, other studies have identified that the incidence of cognitive change is similar after non-cardiac surgery. Other than the inclusion of non-surgical control groups to calculate postoperative cognitive dysfunction, research into these cognitive changes in the perioperative period has been undertaken in isolation from cognitive studies in the general population. The aim of this work is to develop similar terminology to that used in cognitive classifications of the general population for use in investigations of cognitive changes after anaesthesia and surgery. A multispecialty working group followed a modified Delphi procedure with no prespecified number of rounds comprised of three face-to-face meetings followed by online editing of draft versions. Two major classification guidelines [Diagnostic and Statistical Manual for Mental Disorders, fifth edition (DSM-5) and National Institute for Aging and the Alzheimer Association (NIA-AA)] are used outside of anaesthesia and surgery, and may be useful for inclusion of biomarkers in research. For clinical purposes, it is recommended to use the DSM-5 nomenclature. The working group recommends that 'perioperative neurocognitive disorders' be used as an overarching term for cognitive impairment identified in the preoperative or postoperative period. This includes cognitive decline diagnosed before operation (described as neurocognitive disorder); any form of acute event (postoperative delirium) and cognitive decline

Published
2018

40. Different behavioral effects of neurotoxic dorsal hippocampal lesions placed under either isoflurane or propofol anesthesia.

Author

Baxter MG, Murphy KL, Crosby G, and Culley DJ

Subjects
Anesthetics, Inhalation pharmacology, Anesthetics, Intravenous pharmacology, Animals, Behavior, Animal drug effects, Behavior, Animal physiology, Denervation methods, Hippocampus pathology, Hippocampus physiopathology, Learning drug effects, Learning physiology, Learning Disabilities chemically induced, Learning Disabilities physiopathology, Male, Memory drug effects, Memory physiology, Memory Disorders chemically induced, Memory Disorders physiopathology, N-Methylaspartate toxicity, Nerve Degeneration physiopathology, Rats, Rats, Inbred F344, Hippocampus drug effects, Isoflurane pharmacology, Nerve Degeneration chemically induced, Neurotoxins toxicity, Propofol pharmacology
Abstract

Anesthetic protocols for behavioral neuroscience experiments are evolving as new anesthetics are developed and surgical procedures are refined to improve animal welfare. We tested whether neurotoxic dorsal hippocampal lesions produced under two different anesthetic protocols would have different behavioral and/or histo-pathological effects. Rats were anesthetized with either propofol, an intravenous anesthetic, or isoflurane, a gaseous anesthetic, and multiple injections of an excitotoxin (N-methyl-D-aspartate) were stereotaxically placed in the dorsal hippocampus bilaterally. Intraoperative physiological parameters were similar in the two surgical groups, as were the volumes of the lesions, although the profile of postoperative impairment in a spatial learning task differed between the lesion groups depending on the anesthetic regimen used. These results show that the choice of anesthetic protocol is a critical variable in designing behavioral neuroscience experiments using neurosurgical procedures. This factor should be considered carefully in experimental design and in cross-study comparisons of lesion effects on behavior., ((c) 2007 Wiley-Liss, Inc.)

Published
2008
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