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1. Pollinating insects provide economic value by improving crop yield. They are also functionally and culturally important across ecosystems outside of cropland. To understand landscape-level drivers of pollinator declines, and guide policy and intervention to reverse declines, studies must cover (a) multiple insect and plant taxa and (b) a range of agricultural and semi-natural land uses. Furthermore, in an era of woodland restoration initiatives and rewilding ideologies, the contribution of woodland and woody linear features (WLFs; e.g. hedgerows) to pollinator abundance demands further investigation. 2. We demonstrate fine-scale analysis of high-quality, co-located measurements from a national environmental survey. We relate pollinator transect counts to ground-truth habitat and WLF maps across 300 1 km squares in Wales, UK. We look at effects of habitat type, flower cover, WLF density and habitat diversity on summer abundance (July and August) of eight insect groups, representing three insect orders (Lepidoptera, Hymenoptera and Diptera). 3. Compared with improved grassland (the dominant habitat in Wales), pollinator abundance is consistently higher in cropland and woodland—especially broadleaved woodland. For mining bees and two hoverfly groups, abundance is predicted to be at least 1.5× higher in woodland ecosystems than elsewhere. Furthermore, we estimate contributions of WLFs to abundance in agriculturally improved habitats to be up to 14% for honeybees and up to 21% for hoverflies. 4. The abundance of all insect groups increases with flower cover, which is a key mechanism through which woodland, cropland and grassland support pollinators. Importantly, we observe diminishing returns of increasing flower cover for abundance of non-Apis pollinator groups, expecting roughly twice the increase in abundance per % flower cover from 0% to 5%, as compared with 10% to 15%. However, the shape of the relationship was inverted for honeybees, which showed steeper increases in abundance at higher flower cover. 4. Synthesis and applications: We provide a holistic view of the drivers of pollinator abundance in Wales, in which flower cover, woodland, hedgerows and cropland are critical. We propose a key role for woodland creation, hedge-laying and farmland heterogeneity within future land management incentive schemes. Finally, we suggest targeting of interventions to maximise benefits for non-Apis pollinators. Specifically, increasing floral provision in areas where existing flower cover is low—for example, in flower-poor improved grasslands—could effectively increase pollinator abundance and diversity while prioritising wild over managed species.

A series of 60 4‐aminomethyl 5‐aryl‐3‐substituted isoxazoles were synthesized by an efficient method and evaluated in vitro against Leishmania amazonensis and Trypanosoma cruzi, protozoa that cause the neglected tropical diseases leishmaniasis and Chagas disease, respectively. Thirteen compounds exhibited a selective index greater than 10. The series of 3‐N‐acylhydrazone isoxazole derivatives bearing the bithiophene core exhibited the best antiparasitic effects., Sixty new 3,4,5‐trisubstituted isoxazole derivatives were synthesized using a straightforward method, and their antiprotozoal profile against promastigote form of L. amazonensis and epimastigote form of T. cruzi were evaluated. The series of 3‐N‐acylhydrazone isoxazoles bearing the bithiophene core exhibited better antiparasitic effects than 3‐carboxyethyl or 3‐carbohydrazide isoxazole analogues.

Despite long‐term analyses of lake ice phenology globally, comparatively little is known about high‐elevation lakes, for which climate shifts are thought to be occurring faster than at lower elevations. Using a 36‐yr dataset (1983–2018) on alpine lakes (> 3000 m ASL) from the Green Lakes Valley, Colorado (GLV), we found that ice‐cover duration decreased by an average of ~ 24 d, due to both earlier ice‐off (9 d) and especially later ice‐on (15 d). Spring ice thickness also decreased by 0.88 cm yr−1. By comparison, ice‐cover duration in the GLV is decreasing ~ 50% faster than for Northern Hemisphere lakes (n = 215), which translates to an increase in open water duration ~ 2.5 times more in the GLV than the average of the Northern Hemisphere. Our analytical comparison demonstrated more rapid trends in this alpine region compared to lakes more broadly, and especially emphasized the influence of elevation on lake ice phenology.

Longstanding osteomalacia, by its proliferative enthesopathic changes, may mimic the advanced features of SpA. Despite the typical radiological findings, the lack of response to anti‐TNF should encourage clinicians to reconsider the diagnosis.

PRIMARY OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the effect of latex tip cover manufacturer on accuracy and repeatability of Tono-Pen Vet(™) in canine eyes. ANIMAL STUDIED: 12 enucleated globes from 6 dogs PROCEDURES: The anterior chamber was cannulated and connected to a calibrated manometer. Intraocular pressure (IOP) measurements were obtained using the Tono-Pen Vet and TONOVET Plus at manometric IOP ranging from 5 to 80 mmHg. At each IOP, the Tono-Pen Vet was used with a new Ocu-Film(™) latex tip cover (the only manufacturer-approved brand of cover) followed by a new Softips(™) latex tip cover. For comparison, the TONOVET Plus was also used at each IOP with a new disposable rebound probe. Measured IOP values were analyzed by linear regression and intraclass correlation coefficient (ICC). RESULTS: Tono-Pen Vet accuracy was unaffected by tip cover manufacturer or by frequent change in cover. Using ICC analysis, repeatability of measurements using either tonometer was good to excellent at physiologic IOP levels but variably decreased with both devices at supraphysiologic IOP. CONCLUSIONS: Neither tip cover manufacturer nor frequent changes in tip cover adversely affect Tono-Pen Vet accuracy. Repeatability of measurements with Tono-Pen Vet and TONOVET Plus is widely variable at supraphysiologic IOP. Therefore, minor changes in IOP > 25 mmHg should not be used to make clinical decisions without considering this variability.

Erd\H{o}s and Lov\'asz noticed that an $r$-uniform intersecting hypergraph $H$ with maximal covering number, that is $\tau(H)=r$, must have at least $\frac{8}{3}r-3$ edges. There has been no improvement on this lower bound for 45 years. We try to understand the reason by studying some small cases to see whether the truth lies very close to this simple bound. Let $q(r)$ denote the minimum number of edges in an intersecting $r$-uniform hypergraph. It was known that $q(3)=6$ and $q(4)=9$. We obtain the following new results: The extremal example for uniformity 4 is unique. Somewhat surprisingly it is not symmetric by any means. For uniformity 5, $q(5)=13$, and we found 3 examples, none of them being some known graph. We use both theoretical arguments and computer searches. In the footsteps of Erd\H{o}s and Lov\'asz, we also consider the special case, when the hypergraph is part of a finite projective plane. We determine the exact answer for $r\in \{3,4,5,6\}$. For uniformity 6, there is a unique extremal example. In a related question, we try to find $2$-intersecting $r$-uniform hypergraphs with maximal covering number, that is $\tau(H)=r-1$. An infinite family of examples is to take all possible $r$-sets of a $(2r-2)$-vertex set. There is also a geometric candidate: biplanes. These are symmetric 2-designs with $\lambda=2$. We determined that only 3 biplanes of the 18 known examples are extremal.

Excess fine sediment (

This study investigated whether word categories of LIWC (Linguistic Inquiry and Word Count) are able to predict application success. To this end, 581 cover letters, CVs and complete application documents were analysed. Based on previous research, successful candidates, who receive a job offer, were expected to have used a more categorical, complex, and less self‐centred language. Conversely, rejected applications were expected to have been written in a dynamic style, linguistically simpler, more concerned with hedonistic issues and focused on the day‐to‐day lives. Overall, existing models could only be partially applied. Both the cover letter and the CV were found to contain predictive information regarding application success, which is noteworthy given the distinct standardization of application documents.

Current glacier ablation models have difficulty simulating the high‐melt transition zone between clean and debris‐covered ice. In this zone, thin debris cover is thought to increase ablation compared to clean ice, but often this cover is patchy rather than continuous. There is a need to understand ablation and debris dynamics in this transition zone to improve the accuracy of ablation models and the predictions of future debris cover extent. To quantify the ablation of partially debris‐covered ice (or ‘dirty ice’), a high‐resolution, spatially‐continuous ablation map was created from repeat unmanned aerial systems (UAS) surveys, corrected for glacier flow in a novel way using on‐glacier ablation stakes. Surprisingly, ablation is similar (range ~5 mm w.e. per day) across a wide range of percentage debris covers (~30‐80%) due to the opposing effects of a positive correlation between percentage debris cover and clast size, countered by a negative correlation with albedo. Once debris cover becomes continuous, ablation is significantly reduced (by 61.6% compared to a partial debris cover), and there is some evidence that the cleanest ice (