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Abstract Ferroptosis is known to mediate the pathogenesis of chemotherapeutic drug‐induced acute kidney injury (AKI); however, leveraging the benefits of ferroptosis‐based treatments for nephroprotection remains challenging. Here, ultrasmall nanodots, denoted as FerroD, comprising the amphiphilic conjugate (tetraphenylethylene‐L‐serine‐deferoxamine, TPE‐lys‐Ser‐DFO (TSD)) and entrapped ferrostatin‐1 are designed. After being internalized through kidney injury molecule‐1‐mediated endocytosis, FerroD can simultaneously remove the overloaded iron ions and eliminate the overproduction of lipid peroxides by the coordination‐disassembly mechanisms, which collectively confer prominent inhibition efficiency of ferroptosis. In cisplatin (CDDP)‐induced AKI mice, FerroD equipped with dual anti‐ferroptotic ability can provide long‐term nephroprotective effects. This study may shed new light on the design and clinical translation of therapeutics targeting ferroptosis for various ferroptosis‐related kidney diseases.

Abstract The correlation between liver disease and the progression of ulcerative colitis (UC) has remained elusive. In this study, it demonstrates that liver injury is intricately linked to the heightened severity of UC in patients, and causes more profound intestinal damage during DSS‐induced colitis in mice. Metabolomics analysis of plasma from liver cirrhosis patients shows liver injury compromising nicotinamide supply for NAD+ biosynthesis in the intestine. Subsequent investigation identifies intestinal group 2 innate lymphoid cells (ILC2s) are responsible for liver injury‐exacerbated colitis. Reconstitution of ILC2s or the restoration of NAD+ metabolism proves effective in relieving liver injury‐aggravated experimental colitis. Mechanistically, the NAD+ salvage pathway regulates gut ILC2s in a cell‐intrinsic manner by supporting the generation of succinate, which fuels the electron transport chain to sustaining ILC2s function. This research deepens the understanding of cellular and molecular mechanisms in liver disease‐UC interplay, identifying a metabolic target for innovative treatments in liver injury‐complicated colitis.

Abstract Vaccination is the most effective strategy to combat influenza. Ideally, potent and persistent vaccine effects would be induced with a single vaccine dose. Here, we designed a virus‐like particle (VLP)‐based vaccine presenting multiple copies of the influenza hemagglutinin (HA) from A/Puerto Rico/8/1934 (PR8HA‐VLP) and examined its immunogenicity and protective efficacy in ferrets. Serum‐neutralizing antibodies were effectively induced against the homologous virus at 3‐week post‐vaccination with a single dose of PR8HA‐VLP with or without adjuvants. When the single‐immunized ferrets were challenged with the homologous virus, virus replication in the nasal mucosa was significantly reduced. Long‐term monitoring of serum titers revealed that after adjuvanted vaccination with PR8HA‐VLP, neutralizing antibodies were retained at similar levels 20‐ to 183‐week post‐vaccination, although a 4‐ to 8‐fold titer decline was observed from 3‐ to 20‐week post‐vaccination. Boost immunization at 183 weeks after the first immunization elicited higher neutralizing antibody titers than those at 3 weeks after the initial immunization in most of the animals. These results confirm that nanoparticle‐based vaccines are a promising approach to effectively elicit durable multiyear neutralizing antibody responses against influenza viruses.

Abstract Background Building on our prior work that RNA alternative splicing modulates the druggability of kinase fusions, this study probes the clinical significance of sole reciprocal fusions. These rare genomic arrangements, despite lacking kinase domains at the DNA level, demonstrated potential RNA‐level druggability in sporadic cases from our prior research. Methods Utilizing the large‐scale multicenter approach, we performed RNA sequencing and clinical follow‐up to evaluate a broad spectrum of kinase fusions, including ALK, ROS1, RET, BRAF, NTRK, MET, NRG1, and EGFR, in 1943 patients. Results Our findings revealed 51 instances (2.57%) of sole reciprocal fusions, predominantly in lung (57%), colorectal (14%), and glioma (10%) cancers. Comparative analysis with an MSKCC cohort confirmed the prevalence in diverse cancer types and identified unique fusion partners and chromosomal locales. Cross‐validation through RNA‐NGS and FISH authenticated the existence of functional kinase domains in subsets including ALK, ROS1, RET, and BRAF, which correlated with positive clinical responses to targeted kinase inhibitors (KIs). Conversely, fusions involving EGFR, NRG1, and NTRK1/2/3 generated nonfunctional transcripts, suggesting the need for alternative therapeutic interventions. Conclusion This inaugural multicenter study introduces a novel algorithm for detecting and treating sole reciprocal fusions in advanced cancers, expanding the patient population potentially amenable to KIs.

Abstract Accurate and sensitive near‐infrared (NIR) luminescent lateral flow immunoassay (LFIA) has attracted considerable attention in the field of point‐of‐care testing (POCT). However, the detection accuracy and sensitivity are often compromised by the low fluorescence quantum efficiency ( 800 nm) completely eliminated background interference and allowed highly accurate and sensitive detection without any pre‐treatment steps. The limits of detection (LODs) for aflatoxin B1 (AFB1) in soy sauce, alpha hemolysin (Hla) of Staphylococcus aureus biomarker in joint fluid, and C‐reactive protein (CRP) in human haemolysed samples were 0.01 ng mL−1, 0.02 µg mL−1, and 0.156 mg L−1, respectively, commensurating with those of the corresponding gold standard assays and covering the detection range of interests. It is anticipated that the ultrabright NIR AIEgen nanoparticles will serve as a universally applicable signal probe for NIR‐LFIA diagnostics, promising to expand the range of applications for quantitative detection of complex samples.

Abstract Metal–organic frameworks (MOFs) are a class of promising nanomaterials for atmospheric water harvesting (AWH), especially in arid remote areas. However, several challenges are still faced for practical applications because of the dissatisfied water adsorption/desorption properties in terms of the capability, kinetics, and stability. Herein, we report the facile synthesis of a nano‐sized octahedral nitrogen‐modified MOF‐801 that exhibits superior solar‐powered AWH performance using a custom‐made device, with a state‐of‐the‐art water harvesting ability up to 4.64LH2OkgMOFs−1 from air upon 12‐h test under a relative humidity (RH) of 30% and simulated sunlight irradiation. The nitrogen‐modified MOF‐801 with rapid sorption–desorption kinetics, uptakes 0.29gH2OgMOFs‐1 of water at 30% RH within 30 min and releases 90% of the captured water within 10 min under 1‐sun illumination. The success relies on N‐doping‐induced mixed‐linkers in the form of 2,3‐diaminobutanedioic acid and fumaric acid in the unique pore structures of the MOFs for rapid and high‐capacity water capture. The N‐doped MOF‐801 with water uptake capacity, fast adsorption kinetics, and cycle stability sheds light on the practical use of MOFs for effective solar‐powered water harvesting from droughty air.

Abstract To enhance the DC electrical performance of cross‐linked polyethylene (XLPE), the graftable antioxidant methacrylic acid 2‐hydroxy‐3‐(4‐anilinoanilino) propyl ester (GA), which contains carbonyl and amino groups, and the crosslinking coagent trimethylolpropane trimethacrylate (TMPTMA), which contains carbonyl groups, are individually or co‐grafted onto XLPE. The slightly higher deep trap density introduced by higher grafting concentration of TMPTMA results in more significant suppression effect of conductance current and enhanced breakdown strength at a lower temperature, while the suppression effect for the conductance current at 90°C becomes weakened due to limited trap energy. Meanwhile, the deeper energy level introduced by GA suppresses the conductance current and improves the electrical strength of XLPE at 90°C more significantly. By co‐grafting, the conductance current of XLPE in a wide range temperature can be significantly reduced, especially for the temperature dependence of conductance current, which is beneficial to suppress the field strength reversal. The results of thermally stimulated current and molecular simulation show that the polar groups of two monomers introduce deep charge traps in XLPE. The co‐grafting system ensures the rationality of the crosslinking reaction kinetics and does not affect the cable manufacturing.

Objective Ankle joint fractures are often accompanied by medial deltoid ligament rupture. There is controversy over whether or how to treat deltoid ligament rupture. This study was aimed to explore the feasibility of repairing the medial deltoid ligament using Kirschner wire internal fixation of the medial tibiotalar joint combined with external fixation. Methods Forty‐six patients with ankle fractures involving deltoid ligament rupture, treated between October 2012 and February 2021, were retrospectively evaluated. Twenty‐five patients were treated with a Kirschner wire to fix the tibiotalar joint and indirectly repair the deltoid ligament as the repaired group. Twenty‐one patients underwent reduction and fixation of internal and external malleolus fractures, and the deltoid ligament was not repaired in the unrepaired group. The American Orthopaedic Foot and Ankle Society (AOFAS) ankle‐hindfoot score, visual analog scale (VAS), Medical Outcomes Short Form 36‐item questionnaire score (SF‐36), and Medial clear space perpendicular (preoperative, postoperative, final follow‐up) were used for functional evaluations and reduction assessments. Mann–Whitney test were used to compare the differences between the groups. Results The follow‐up time was 13–112 months with a mean of 59.32 months for the repaired group and 11–94 months with a mean of 53.43 months for the unrepaired group. There was no significant difference in the operative time or intraoperative blood loss between the two groups (p > 0.05). At the last follow‐up, the AOFAS ankle‐hindfoot and SF‐36 scores of the repaired group were significantly higher than those of the non‐repaired group (p

Abstract Purpose Lung cancer (LC) and breast cancer (BC) are the most common causes of brain metastases (BMs). Time from primary diagnosis to BM (TPDBM) refers to the time interval between initial LC or BC diagnosis and development of BM. This research aims to identify clinical, molecular, and therapeutic risk factors associated with shorter TPDBM. Methods We retrospectively reviewed all diagnosed LC and BC patients with BM at Harbin Medical University Cancer Hospital from 2016 to 2020. A total of 570 patients with LC brain metastasis (LCBM) and 173 patients with breast cancer brain metastasis (BCBM) patients who met the inclusion criteria were enrolled for further analysis. BM free survival time curves were generated using Kaplan–Meier analyses. Univariate and multivariate Cox regression analyses were applied to identify risk factors associated with earlier development of BM in LC and BC, respectively. Results The median TPDBM was 5.3 months in LC and 44.4 months in BC. In multivariate analysis, clinical stage IV and M1 stage were independent risk factors for early development of LCBM. LC patients who received chemotherapy, targeted therapy, pulmonary radiotherapy, and pulmonary surgery had longer TPDBM. For BC patients, age ≥ 50 years, Ki67 ≥ 0.3, HER2 positive or triple‐negative breast cancer subtype, advanced N stage, and no mastectomy were correlated with shorter TPDBM. Conclusions This single‐institutional study helps identify patients who have a high risk of developing BM early. For these patients, early detection and intervention could have clinical benefits.

Abstract According to the latest evidence, the microbial metabolite Urolithin A (UA), known for its role in promoting cellular health, modulates CD8+ T cell‐mediated antitumor activity. However, the direct target protein of UA and its underlying mechanism remains unclear. Here, this research identifies ERK1/2 as the specific target crucial for UA‐mediated CD8+ T cell activation. Even at low doses, UA markedly enhances the persistence and effector functions of primary CD8+ cytotoxic T lymphocytes (CTLs) and human chimeric antigen receptor (CAR) T cells both in vitro and in vivo. Mechanistically, UA interacts directly with ERK1/2 kinases, enhancing their activation and subsequently facilitating T cell activation by engaging ULK1. The UA‐ERK1/2‐ULK1 axis promotes autophagic flux in CD8+ CTLs, enhancing cellular metabolism and maintaining reactive oxygen species (ROS) levels, as evidenced by increased oxygen consumption and extracellular acidification rates. UA‐treated CD8+ CTLs also display elevated ATP levels and enhanced spare respiratory capacity. Overall, UA activates ERK1/2, inducing autophagy and metabolic adaptation, showcasing its potential in tumor immunotherapy and interventions for diseases involving ERKs.

Abstract Objective To investigate the relationship between serum 25‐hydroxyvitamin D (25(OH)D) level with novel inflammatory markers in hemodialysis‐treated patients. Methods A total of 167 maintenance hemodialysis‐treated patients were enrolled in this cross‐sectional study. The patients were divided into vitamin D deficiency (a serum 25(OH)D level

Abstract Inadequate β‐cell mass and insulin secretion are essential for the development of type 2 diabetes (T2D). TNF‐α‐induced protein 8‐like 1 (Tipe1) plays a crucial role in multiple diseases, however, a specific role in T2D pathogenesis remains largely unexplored. Herein, Tipe1 as a key regulator in T2D, contributing to the maintenance of β cell homeostasis is identified. The results show that the β‐cell‐specific knockout of Tipe1 (termed Ins2‐Tipe1BKO) aggravated diabetic phenotypes in db/db mice or in mice with high‐fat diet‐induced diabetes. Notably, Tipe1 improves β cell mass and function, a process that depends on Gαs, the α subunit of the G‐stimulating protein. Mechanistically, Tipe1 inhibited the K48‐linked ubiquitination degradation of Gαs by recruiting the deubiquitinase USP5. Consequently, Gαs or cAMP agonists almost completely restored the dysfunction of β cells observed in Ins2‐Tipe1BKO mice. The findings characterize Tipe1 as a regulator of β cell function through the Gαs/cAMP pathway, suggesting that Tipe1 may emerge as a novel target for T2D intervention.

Abstract Background The RNA‐binding motif single‐stranded interacting protein 3 (RBMS3) is a constituent of the RNA‐binding motif (RBM) protein family, which assumes a pivotal role in governing cellular biogenesis processes such as the cell cycle and apoptosis. Despite an abundance of studies elucidating RBMS3's divergent roles in the genesis and advancement of various tumors, its involvement in colon cancer remains enigmatic. Methods The present investigation employed data analysis from TCGA and GTEx to unveil that RBMS3 expression demonstrated a diminished presence in colon cancer tissues when juxtaposed with normal colon tissues. The effect of RBMS3 and LIM zinc finger domain 1 (LIMS1) on colon cancer was substantiated via animal models and cellular experiments. The connection between RBMS3 and LIM zinc finger domain 1 (LIMS1) was verified by molecular biology methods. Results The study conclusively ascertained that augmenting RBMS3 expression quells the proliferation, migration, and invasion of colon cancer cells. Furthermore, the inquiry unveiled a plausible mechanism through which RBMS3 impacts the expression of LIMS1 by modulating its mRNA stability. The investigation ascertained that RBMS3 inhibits the progression of colon cancer by regulating LIMS1. The inhibitory function of LIMS1 and RBMS3 is closely intertwined in colon cancer, with knocking down LIMS1 being able to rescue the inhibitory effect of RBMS3 overexpression on the functionality of colon cancer cell Conclusions The discernments delineate RBMS3 as a novel suppressor of cancer via LIMS1, thereby bestowing fresh therapeutic possibilities and illuminating the intricacies of colon cancer.

Abstract The security of smart contract has always been one of the significant problems in blockchain. As shown in previous studies, vulnerabilities in smart contracts can lead to unpredictable losses. With the rapid growth of the number of smart contracts, more and more data driven detection technologies based on machine learning have been proposed. However, some state‐of‐the‐art approaches mainly rely on the source code of smart contract. These methods are limited by the openness of the source code and the version of the programming language. To address this problem, we propose a novel vulnerability detection method based on transformer by constructing the control flow graph (CFG) of smart contracts operation codes (opcodes), which shields the difference of various versions of program language. Extensive experiments are conducted to evaluate the effectiveness of the proposed method on the authors' own collected dataset. The experimental results show that the proposed method achieves 94.36% accuracy in vulnerability detection, which performs better than other state‐of‐the‐art methods.

Abstract Background SHARPIN (SHANK‐associated RH domain interactor) is a component of the linear ubiquitination complex that regulates the NF‐κB signaling pathway. To better understand the function of SHARPIN, we sought to establish a novel genetically engineered Syrian hamster with SHARPIN disruption using the CRISPR/Cas9 system. Methods A single‐guide ribonucleic acid targeting exon 1 of SHARPIN gene was designed and constructed. The zygotes generated by cytoplasmic injection of the Cas9/gRNA ribonucleoprotein were transferred into pseudopregnant hamsters. Neonatal mutants were identified by genotyping. SHARPIN protein expression was detected using Western blotting assay. Splenic, mesenteric lymph nodes (MLNs), and thymic weights were measured, and organ coefficients were calculated. Histopathological examination of the spleen, liver, lung, small intestine, and esophagus was performed independently by a pathologist. The expression of lymphocytic markers and cytokines was evaluated using reverse transcriptase‐quantitative polymerase chain reaction. Results All the offspring harbored germline‐transmitted SHARPIN mutations. Compared with wild‐type hamsters, SHARPIN protein was undetectable in SHARPIN−/− hamsters. Spleen enlargement and splenic coefficient elevation were spotted in SHARPIN−/− hamsters, with the descent of MLNs and thymuses. Further, eosinophil infiltration and structural alteration in spleens, livers, lungs, small intestines, and esophagi were obvious after the deletion of SHARPIN. Notably, the expression of CD94 and CD22 was downregulated in the spleens of knockout (KO) animals. Nonetheless, the expression of CCR3, CCL11, Il4, and Il13 was upregulated in the esophagi. The expression of NF‐κB and phosphorylation of NF‐κB and IκB protein significantly diminished in SHARPIN−/− animals. Conclusions A novel SHARPIN KO hamster was successfully established using the CRISPR/Cas9 system. Abnormal development of secondary lymphoid organs and eosinophil infiltration in multiple organs reveal its potential in delineating SHARPIN function and chronic inflammation.

ROS proto‐oncogene 1, receptor tyrosine kinase (ROS1) rearrangements are a crucial therapeutic target in non‐small cell lung cancer (NSCLC). However, there is limited comprehensive analysis of the molecular patterns of ROS1 fusions. This study aimed to address this gap by analysing 135 ROS1 fusions from 134 Chinese NSCLC patients using next‐generation sequencing (NGS). The fusions were categorized into common and uncommon based on their incidence. Our study revealed, for the first time, a unique distribution preference of breakpoints within ROS1, with common fusions occurring in introns 31–33 and uncommon fusions occurring in introns 34 and 35. Additionally, we identified previously unknown breakpoints within intron 28 of ROS1. Furthermore, we identified a close association between the distribution patterns of fusion partners and breakpoints on ROS1, providing important insights into the molecular landscape of ROS1 fusions. We also confirmed the presence of inconsistent breakpoints in ROS1 fusions between DNA‐based NGS and RNA‐based NGS through rigorous validation methods. These inconsistencies were attributed to alternative splicing resulting in out‐of‐frame or exonic ROS1 fusions. These findings significantly contribute to our understanding of the molecular characteristics of ROS1 fusions, which have implications for panel design and the treatment of NSCLC patients with ROS1 rearrangements.

Testicular germ cell tumors (TGCT) are the most common type of testicular cancer, comprising 90–95% of cases and representing the most prevalent solid malignancy in young adult men. Immune infiltrates play important regulatory roles in tumors, but their role in TGCT remains unclear. Molecular subtyping is a promising way to provide precisely personalized treatment and avoid unnecessary toxicities. This study investigated immune infiltrates, key biomarkers, and immune subtyping of TGCT. In GSE3218, 24 differentially expressed immune genes (immDEGs) were identified. A new risk signature consisting of six immDEGs was developed using these genes. Individuals in the high‐risk group had poor overall survival (OS; hazard ratio of 4.61 and P‐value

Abstract Subgrid data from earth system models are a powerful, yet underutilized, data resource for investigating the climatic impacts of land use and land cover change (LULCC). In this paper, we describe a global dataset on subgrid land surface climate variables produced by the Community Earth System Model in a fully coupled mode. The simulation was conducted at a 0.9° × 1.25° resolution under the Representative Concentration Pathway (RCP) 8.5 scenario from 2015 to 2100. Data are archived for eight subgrid tiles (urban, rural, tree, grass, shrub, bare soil, crop and lake) and include variables on the physical state, surface energy fluxes, runoff and atmospheric forcing conditions. Archival intervals are monthly, daily and hourly. Meta data on land surface parameters are also available. The data files are stored in NetCDF‐4 (Network Common Data Form, version 4) format and the meta data follow the latest Coupled Model Intercomparison Project phase 6 standards. We anticipate that this dataset will become a useful resource for characterizing local climate changes due to LULCC. This dataset can be downloaded from the Harvard Dataverse (https://doi.org/10.7910/DVN/HUXAH6).

Abstract Frequency diversity array (FDA) radar provides more degrees of freedom and can generate range‐angle‐time‐dependent beampattern. Furthermore, based on the receiver's multi‐input multi‐output (MIMO) scheme, the frequency diversity array‐multi‐input multi‐output (FDA‐MIMO) radar can develop a range‐dependent but time‐independent beampattern. Taking advantage of this feature, this article improves the signal‐to‐interference‐plus‐noise ratio and the effective suppression of interference by jointly optimising the transmit beamspace and the receive filter. Since the optimisation problem is a non‐convex problem with constant energy constraints, we transform it into two convex subproblems with restrictions. The whole algorithm follows the alternate optimisation over receive filter and transmit beamspace. By simulating challenging scenarios, we confirmed the effectiveness and superiority of the method.

Abstract Background The imbalance between osteoblasts and osteoclasts may lead to osteoporosis. Osteoblasts and osteoclasts have different energy requirements, with aerobic glycolysis being the prominent metabolic feature of osteoblasts, while osteoclast differentiation and fusion are driven by oxidative phosphorylation. Methods By polymerase chain reaction as well as Western blotting, we assayed coactivator‐associated arginine methyltransferase 1 (CARM1) expression in bone tissue, the mouse precranial osteoblast cell line MC3T3‐E1 and the mouse monocyte macrophage leukaemia cell line RAW264.7, and expression of related genes during osteogenic differentiation and osteoclast differentiation. Using gene overexpression (lentivirus) and loss‐of‐function approach (CRISPR/Cas9‐mediated knockout) in vitro, we examined whether CARM1 regulates osteogenic differentiation and osteoblast differentiation by metabolic regulation. Transcriptomic assays and metabolomic assays were used to find the mechanism of action of CARM1. Furthermore, in vitro methylation assays were applied to clarify the arginine methylation site of PPP1CA by CARM1. Results We discovered that CARM1 reprogrammed glucose metabolism in osteoblasts and osteoclasts from oxidative phosphorylation to aerobic glycolysis, thereby promoting osteogenic differentiation and inhibiting osteoclastic differentiation. In vivo experiments revealed that CARM1 significantly decreased bone loss in osteoporosis model mice. Mechanistically, CARM1 methylated R23 of PPP1CA, affected the dephosphorylation of AKT‐T450 and AMPK‐T172, and increased the activities of phosphofructokinase‐1 and pructose‐2,6‐biphosphatase3, causing an up‐regulation of glycolytic flux. At the same time, as a transcriptional coactivator, CARM1 regulated the expression of pyruvate dehydrogenase kinase 3, which resulted in the inhibition of pyruvate dehydrogenase activity and inhibition of the tricarboxylic acid cycle, leading to a subsequent decrease in the flux of oxidative phosphorylation. Conclusions These findings reveal for the first time the mechanism by which CARM1 affects both osteogenesis and osteoclast differentiation through metabolic regulation, which may represent a new feasible treatment strategy for osteoporosis.

Abstract Background To explore and compare the clinical effects of high‐resolution non‐invasive prenatal screening (NIPS‐Plus) for common/uncommon chromosomal aneuploidy and microdeletion/microduplication syndromes (MMS). Methods The current prospective study included a total of 25,380 pregnant women who performed NIPS‐Plus, and amniocentesis was performed on women with MMS with the screening results to diagnose patients with suspected MMS. Results There were 415 samples with positive results for NIPS‐Plus, included 275 with aneuploidy and 140 with MMS. After diagnosis by amniocentesis, 188 cases were confirmed as true positive, included46 cases of T21, 9 cases of T18, 1 case of T13, 34 cases of SCA, 41 cases of other chromosomal euploidy and 57 cases of MMS. In addition, no false negative cases were found, MMS was classified with 5 Mb with the cutoff value, and the PPV of different fragment size was counted, respectively. Conclusion We found that the corresponding PPV was 44.66% with the fragment of copy number variation (CNV) being less than or equal to 5 Mb, and when it was greater than 5 Mb, the PPV was 29.73%, which suggested that NIPS‐Plus was more suitable for screening the PPV of small fragment abnormalities. NIPS‐Plus has a good application effect in routine aneuploidy screening and had the best detection effect for T21; moreover, it performed well in screening of MMS and had better detection effect on MMS with CNV fragment length less than 5 Mb. Based on the current results, we suggested that NIPS‐Plus should be used as a comprehensive elementary prenatal screening method for all pregnant women, but for MMS caused by abnormal large fragment CNV, the detection method and efficiency still need to be improved.

Abstract This paper aims to investigate the efficacy of circularly polarized light smartphones in affecting dry eye symptoms and asthenopia through a comparison with linearly polarized smartphones. One hundred twenty participants were randomly divided into four groups. Dry eye and asthenopia symptoms were evaluated using the Ocular Surface Disease Index (OSDI), Computer Vision Syndrome Scale 17 (CVSS17), Convergence Insufficiency Symptom Survey (CISS), and visual analogue scale (VAS). Objective ocular examinations were assessed by confusion flicker frequency (CFF), tear meniscus height (TMH), noninvasive break‐up time (NIBUT), conjunctiva redness, fluorescein tear break‐up time (FTBUT), corneal fluorescein staining, and the Schirmer I test. Tests were performed before and after a reading task. Subjective evaluations including the OSDI, CVSS17, and CISS were all significantly increased after reading on a linearly polarized smartphone, whereas no change was observed in the circular polarization groups in both light and dark environments. A significantly enlarged VAS was shown in all of the four groups, but a significant increase in ΔVAS only appeared in the linear polarization groups. There were significant decreases in TMH, NIBUT, conjunctiva redness, FTBUT, and CFF after reading on a linearly polarized smartphone but the circularly polarized smartphone had lesser effects on these parameters. Our study indicated that reading on linearly polarized smartphones may cause dry eye disorder, asthenopia, and ocular discomforts, whereas circularly polarized smartphones appears to minimize these adverse effects on eye dryness and visual fatigue in light and dark environments.

Abstract Lymph node metastasis, the leading cause of mortality in esophageal squamous carcinoma (ESCC) with a highly complex tumor microenvironment, remains underexplored. Here, the transcriptomes of 85 263 single cells are analyzed from four ESCC patients with lymph node metastases. Strikingly, it is observed that the metastatic microenvironment undergoes the emergence or expansion of interferon induced IFIT3+ T, B cells, and immunosuppressive cells such as APOC1+APOE+ macrophages and myofibroblasts with highly expression of immunoglobulin genes (IGKC) and extracellular matrix component and matrix metallopeptidase genes. A poor‐prognostic epithelial‐immune dual expression program regulating immune effector processes, whose activity is significantly enhanced in metastatic malignant epithelial cells and enriched in CD74+CXCR4+ and major histocompatibility complex (MHC) class II genes upregulated malignant epithelia cells is discovered. Comparing with primary tumor, differential intercellular communications of metastatic ESCC microenvironment are revealed and furtherly validated via multiplexed immunofluorescence and immunohistochemistry staining, which mainly rely on the crosstalk of APOC1+APOE+ macrophages with tumor and stromal cell. The data highlight potential molecular mechanisms that shape the lymph‐node metastatic microenvironment and may inform drug discovery and the development of new strategies to target these prometastatic nontumor components for inhibiting tumor growth and overcoming metastasis to improve clinical outcomes.

B7 homolog 3 (B7‐H3) plays an important role in tumor biology, but the molecular mechanism underlying the role of B7‐H3 in tumor metastasis remains unclear. In this article, our analysis of The Cancer Genome Atlas database suggested that B7‐H3 expression is associated with poor prognosis of patients with clear cell renal cell carcinoma (ccRCC). B7‐H3 knockdown affected the expression of metastasis‐related genes and significantly suppressed the metastasis of ccRCC cells, but it had no significant effect on the proliferation of ccRCC cells. Database analysis revealed a strong positive correlation between B7‐H3 and fibronectin (FN) in ccRCC cells, and further study also confirmed that FN interacts with B7‐H3. Silencing FN expression inhibited the migration and invasion of ccRCC cells, whereas exogenous FN promoted the migration and invasion of ccRCC cells, which was accompanied by activation of kinases [namely, phosphorylated (p)‐phosphoinositide 3‐kinase, p‐protein kinase B, p‐p38 and p‐extracellular regulated protein kinase]. B7‐H3 knockdown abolished the prometastatic effect of FN. In conclusion, our data suggest that B7‐H3 binds to exogenous FN and promotes the metastasis of ccRCC cells.

Abstract A multiple‐input multiple‐output (MIMO) radar with frequency diverse array (FDA) produces a range‐angle‐dependent steering vector, which can suppress the deceptive jamming in joint range‐angle domain. This in turn complicates the task of radar jamming. With the emergence and development of digital radio frequency memory (DRFM), radar electronic jamming technique has entered the age of coherent jamming. Based on the analysis of the superiority of the FDA‐MIMO radar in cancelling the deceptive jammers, a novel range gate pull‐off method via DRFM against FDA‐MIMO radar is proposed. Compared with the traditional deceptive jamming methods, the proposed method cannot be suppressed due to the mismatch in range. In particular, even the anti‐jamming methods based on power domain cease to be effective. The effectiveness of the proposed scheme in jamming the tracking performance of the FDA‐MIMO radar is demonstrated via computer simulations.

Abstract This paper investigates the sampled‐data control of impulsive switched systems with asynchronous switching. The impulses are not required to synchronise the switching. Since it is possible that switches may occur in sampling intervals, the mismatched problem may happen between controllers and system modes. Aiming for this, a functional consisting of multiple impulse‐dependent Lyapunov functions and looped functionals is constructed, which does not increase at impulsive times. By using ADT method, some sufficient conditions for exponential stability are proposed in terms of linear matrix inequalities. Furthermore, sampled‐data controllers are presented to stabilise the impulsive switched systems. The efficiency of the proposed results is verified by an F‐18 aircraft.

Abstract Heterointerface engineering is evolving as an effective approach to tune electromagnetic functional materials, but the mechanisms of heterointerfaces on microwave absorption (MA) remain unclear. In this work, abundant electromagnetic heterointerfaces are customized in multilevel hollow architecture via a one‐step synergistic polymerizing‐etching strategy. Fe/Fe3O4@C spindle‐on‐tube structures are transformed from FeOOH@polydopamine precursors by a controllable reduction process. The impressive electromagnetic heterostructures are realized on the Fe/Fe3O4@C hollow spindle arrays and induce strong interfacial polarization. The highly dispersive Fe/Fe3O4 nanoparticles within spindles build multi‐dimension magnetic networks, which enhance the interaction with incident microwaves and reinforce magnetic loss capacity. Moreover, the hierarchically hollow structure and electromagnetic synergistic components are conducive to the impedance matching between absorbing materials and air medium. Furthermore, the mechanisms of electromagnetic heterointerfaces on the MA are systematically investigated. Accordingly, the as‐prepared hierarchical Fe/Fe3O4@C microtubes exhibit remarkable MA performance with a maximum refection loss of −55.4 dB and an absorption bandwidth of 4.2 GHz. Therefore, in this study, the authors not only demonstrate a synergistic strategy to design multilevel hollow architecture, but also provide a fundamental guide in heterointerface engineering of highly efficient electromagnetic functional materials.

Paraneoplastic neurological syndromes (PNS) are rare disorders affecting any part of the central, peripheral or autonomic nervous system that occur in association with cancer. Among cancer patients, less than 1% overall develop PNS. Anti‐SOX1 antibodies' positive paraneoplastic neurological disorders are rare and are usually associated with small cell lung cancer (SCLC). Here, we report a case of a 61‐year‐old male patient who presented with an unusual anti‐SOX1 positive PNS. The right tibialis anterior showed noticeable low‐amplitude motor unit potentials and high amplitude motor potentials in electrodiagnostic study, suggesting the presence of Lambert‐Eaton myasthenic syndrome (LEMS). Typical MRI and PET‐CT found a hyperintense lesion with contrast enhancement in the thorax in front of 5–6 centrum of vertebrae, and thoracoscopic biopsy revealed pathological findings for SCLC. The patient underwent several lines of chemotherapy and radiotherapy and survived for 15 months after the diagnosis of SCLC.

Background The aim of this study was to discussions about post‐stroke outcomes related to post‐stroke function and post‐acute care discharge setting.inform patient‐provider. Methods and Results We conducted a retrospective cohort study of Medicare beneficiaries with acute ischemic stroke or intracerebral hemorrhage in 2013. Our primary outcome was mortality within at least 1‐year post discharge. We performed multivariate logistic regression to estimate 90‐day odds ratios (ORs) and Cox proportional hazards regression to estimate post 90‐day hazard ratios on mortality, adjusting for demographics, procedures, comorbidities, discharge setting (inpatient rehabilitation facility, skilled nursing facility, or home health care agency), post‐stroke function (measured by the Functional/Pseudo‐Functional Independence Measure) and setting‐function interactions. There were 167 000 patients with a mean follow‐up of 441 days. Mortality within 90 days was associated with post‐stroke function (OR, 0.23; 95% CI, 0.19–0.27 comparing highest to lowest quintile of post‐stroke function) and discharge setting (OR, 4.05; 95% CI, 3.78–4.33 for skilled nursing facility versus inpatient rehabilitation facility). Among the highest functioning patients, those discharged to inpatient rehabilitation facility had a 1‐year mortality of 9% and those discharged with home health had 11% mortality at 1 year. The lowest functioning survivors of stroke discharged to a skilled nursing facility had 64% mortality at 1 year and those discharged to an inpatient rehabilitation facility had 29.6% mortality at 1 year. Conclusions Nearly two thirds of the lowest functioning survivors of stroke discharged to a skilled nursing facility die within a year. This finding should inform discussions between providers and patients/caregivers in aligning goals of care with the care survivors of stroke receive.

Abstract Besides its well‐known benefits on human health, calcitriol, the hormonally active form of vitamin D3, has been being evaluated in clinical trials as an anticancer agent. However, currently available results are contradictory and not fundamentally deciphered. To the best of our knowledge, hypercalcemia caused by high‐dose calcitriol administration and its low bioavailability limit its anticancer investigations and translations. Here, we show that the one‐step self‐assembly of calcitriol and amphiphilic cholesterol‐based conjugates leads to the formation of a stable minimalist micellar nanosystem. When administered to mice, this nanosystem demonstrates high calcitriol doses in breast tumor cells, significant tumor growth inhibition and antimetastasis capability, as well as good biocompatibility. We further reveal that the underlying molecular antimetastatic mechanisms involve downregulation of proteins facilitating metastasis and upregulation of paxillin, the key protein of focal adhesion, in primary tumors.

Abstract Small extracellular vesicles (sEVs) play a key role in intercellular communication. Cargo molecules carried by sEVs may affect the phenotype and function of recipient cells. Epithelial cancer cell‐derived sEVs, particularly those enriched in CD151 or tetraspanin8 (TSPAN8) and associated integrins, promote tumour progression. The mechanism of binding and modulation of sEVs to recipient cells remains elusive. Here, we used genetically engineered breast cancer cells to derive TSPAN8‐enriched sEVs and evaluated the impact of TSPAN8 on target cell membrane's diffusion and transport properties. The single‐particle tracking technique showed that TSPAN8 significantly promoted sEV binding via confined diffusion. Functional assays indicated that the transgenic TSPAN8‐sEV cargo increased cancer cell motility and epithelial‐mesenchymal transition (EMT). In vivo, transgenic TSPAN8‐sEV promoted uptake of sEVs in the liver, lung, and spleen. We concluded that TSPAN8 encourages the sEV‐target cell interaction via forced confined diffusion and significantly increases cell motility. Therefore, TSPAN8‐sEV may serve as an important direct or indirect therapeutic target.

Abstract Various bifunctional scaffolds have recently been developed to address the reconstruction of tumor‐initiated bone defects. Such scaffolds are usually composed of a near‐infrared (NIR) photothermal conversion agent and a conventional bone scaffold for photothermal therapy (PTT) and long‐term bone regeneration. However, the reported photothermal conversion agents are mainly restricted to the first biological window (NIR‐I) with intrinsic poor tissue penetration depth. Also, most of these agents are non‐bioactive materials, which induced potential systemic side toxicity after implantation. Herein, a NIR‐II photothermal conversion agent (Wesselsite [SrCuSi4O10] nanosheets, SC NSs) with tremendous osteogenic and angiogenic bioactivity, is rationally integrated with polycaprolactone (PCL) via 3D printing. The as‐designed 3D composite scaffolds not only trigger osteosarcoma ablation through NIR‐II light generated extensive hyperthermia, but also promote in vitro cellular proliferation and osteogenic differentiation of rat bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells (rBMSCs) and human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVECs), respectively, and the ultimate enhancement of vascularized bone regeneration in vivo owing to the controlled and sustained release of bioactive ions (Sr, Cu, and Si). The authors' study provides a new avenue to prepare multifunctional bone scaffolds based on therapeutic bioceramics for repairing tumor‐induced bone defects.

Abstract Background Rare diseases affect the health‐related quality of life (HRQoL) of patients and their family caregivers (FCs). However, limited evidence is available on the HRQoL of FCs of patients with Gaucher disease (GD). This study aimed to assess HRQoL and related factors among FCs of patients with GD in China. Methods A cross‐sectional online survey was conducted with 49 FCs recruited by convenience sampling. Participants completed the Medical Outcome Study Short Form‐36 (SF‐36), Zung's Self‐Rating Anxiety Scale, Zung's Self‐Rating Depression Scale, the Multi‐dimensional Scale of Perceived Social Support, the Herth Hope Index, and a questionnaire about FCs’ and patients’ sociodemographic characteristics. Single‐sample t tests, one‐way analysis of variance, and multivariate linear regression analysis were used to analyze the data analysis. Results Participating FCs had significantly lower scores in all eight SF‐36 domains compared with the general population in China (p

Abstract Understanding urban expansion at the watershed scale is important because watersheds are important carriers of ecological and environmental impacts. However, current analyses are mainly restricted to administrative units only. Here, we used a long‐term multitemporal data set of urban land to quantify the spatiotemporal trends in the extent and form of urban expansion from 1992 to 2016 in endorheic and exoreic watersheds, globally. Overall, urban expansion in 70% of watersheds (154/220) showed a decelerating trend. The average urban expansion speed of these watersheds in the last 6 years was approximately half of that in the last 24 years. Urban expansion speed in endorheic watersheds lagged behind the counterparts in exoreic watersheds, with the former approximately 1/4 of the latter. More importantly, the pattern of urban expansion in endorheic watersheds was following the low‐density and sprawling trend in exoreic watersheds, which could exert far‐reaching impacts on the sustainability of endorheic watersheds located in arid lands. These findings suggest the need to look beyond administrative city boundaries for land use planning and policies in the context of watershed management.

Abstract Non‐small cell lung cancer (NSCLC), the major type of lung cancer, becomes the greatest threat to the life of people. Growing evidence shows prostate androgen‐regulated transcript 1 (PART1) is considered as effective markers for prostate cancer, and has been shown to be associated with poor prognosis of NSCLC. However, the tumorigenic mechanism of PART1 in NSCLC remains to be investigated. In this study, we found that the expression of PART1 was robustly induced in NSCLC tissues and cell lines. Functional studies established that overexpression of PART1 could promote NSCLC cell proliferation, migration, and invasion, while interference of PART1 inhibited NSCLC progression. Our results also identified miR‐635 as a novel target of PART1, whose expression was inhibited by PART1 in NSCLC cell lines. Moreover, gain‐ and loss‐of‐function studies revealed that PART1 could sponge miR‐635 and increase the expression of Janus kinase (JAK) and signal transducer and activator of transcription proteins (STATs). Finally, we deciphered the molecular mechanism by which PART1 contributed to promotion of NSCLC cell progression via phosphorylation and activation of JAK‐STAT signaling pathway. The animal experiment further confirmed that interference of NSCLC could suppress in vivo tumorigenic ability of NSCLC with favorable pharmacological activity via inactivation of JAK‐STAT signaling pathway. In conclusion, our findings clarified the biologic significance of PART1/miR‐635/JAK‐STAT axis in NSCLC progression and provided novel evidence that PART1 may be a new potential therapeutic target for the treatment of NSCLC.

High voltage power cables play a critical role in global electricity transmission and distribution. The currently used power cables cannot fulfil the green and sustainable requirement of modern society because of the thermoset nature of cable insulation and shields. This study is aimed at developing thermoplastic shields for high voltage power cable, which is one bottleneck restricting the development of environmental-friendly cables. Using carbon black (CB) as the main conductive component and a small amount of carbon nanotubes (CNTs) or graphene as the second filler, highly conductive polypropylene based composite materials were prepared for potential shield applications. It was found that, at a fixed conductive filler loading, the replacement of a small amount CB by CNTs can significantly enhance the electrical conductivity and suppress its temperature dependence. However, when CB was replaced by graphene, only limited enhancement of electrical conductivity could be achieved and the electrical conductivity is still highly dependent on temperature. Dissipative particle dynamics simulations demonstrated that the enhanced conduction property in the CNTs-containing composites could be understood by the shorter average distance between CB and CNTs. Finally, the coordination between the newly developed conductive composites and the environmental-friendly thermoplastic polypropylene insulation was evaluated via high voltage direct current measurements, and the results revealed that the CNTs-containing composites showed excellent suppression effect on the space charge injection and accumulation in the insulation. This research paved a new way for developing environmental-friendly high voltage power cable shields.

Background Delivery of hydrogels to the heart is a promising strategy for mitigating the detrimental impact of myocardial infarction (MI). Challenges associated with the in vivo delivery of currently available hydrogels have limited clinical translation of this technology. Gelatin methacryloyl (GelMA) bioadhesive hydrogel could address many of the limitations of available hydrogels. The goal of this proof‐of‐concept study was to evaluate the cardioprotective potential of GelMA in a mouse model of MI. Methods and Results The physical properties of GelMA bioadhesive hydrogel were optimized in vitro. Impact of GelMA bioadhesive hydrogel on post‐MI recovery was then assessed in vivo. In 20 mice, GelMA bioadhesive hydrogel was applied to the epicardial surface of the heart at the time of experimental MI. An additional 20 mice underwent MI but received no GelMA bioadhesive hydrogel. Survival rates were compared for GelMA‐treated and untreated mice. Left ventricular function was assessed 3 weeks after experimental MI with transthoracic echocardiography. Left ventricular scar burden was measured with postmortem morphometric analysis. Survival rates at 3 weeks post‐MI were 89% for GelMA‐treated mice and 50% for untreated mice (P=0.011). Left ventricular contractile function was better in GelMA‐treated than untreated mice (fractional shortening 37% versus 26%, P

DNA is the genetic blueprint for most known living organisms on Earth, but it is not merely the secret of life. Because of its programmability derived from Watson–Crick base‐pairing, DNA exhibits unparalleled versatility in constructing designer molecular structures by self‐assembly—a field called DNA nanotechnology. After decades of active pursuit, DNA has demonstrated unprecedented capability in designing highly prescribed and sophisticated artificial nanostructures, which could be either static, with well‐controlled physicochemical properties, or dynamic, with the ability to change in response to external stimuli. Researchers have devoted considerable efforts to exploring the utility of DNA nanotechnology in a variety of fields, with the majority related to harvesting their assembling power, since they are highly capable of guiding the assembly of other entities—molecules, materials, living cells, and so on—to fabricate artificial assemblies with emergent properties and functions. Herein, a brief introduction is given to self‐assembly methods in DNA nanotechnology, including DNA tiles, modular DNA bricks, and DNA origami. Four sections are then dedicated to covering the utilization of DNA nanotechnology for guided assembly of organic materials, inorganic materials, biological materials, and living cells. Lastly, DNA‐enabled molecular intelligent systems that are able to compute and execute algorithms are discussed.

Abstract Used tea leaves are utilized for preparation of carbon with high surface area and electrochemical properties. Surface area and pore size of tea leaves derived carbon are controlled by varying the amount of KOH as activating agent. The maximum surface area of 2532 m2 g−1 is observed, which is much higher than unactivated tea leaves (3.6 m2 g−1). It is observed that the size of the electrolyte ions has a profound effect on the energy storage capacity. The maximum specific capacitance of 292 F g−1 is observed in 3 m KOH electrolyte with outstanding cyclic stability, while the lowest specific capacitance of 246 F g−1 is obtained in 3 m LiOH electrolyte at 2 mV s−1. The tea leaves derived electrode shows almost 100% capacitance retention up to 5000 cycles of study. The symmetrical supercapacitor device shows a maximum specific capacitance of 0.64 F cm−2 at 1 mA cm−2 and about 95% of specific capacitance is retained after increasing current density to 12 mA cm−2, confirming the high rate stability of the device. An improvement over 35% in the charge storage capacity is seen when increasing device temperature from 10 to 80 °C. The study suggests that used tea leaves can be used for the fabrication of environment friendly high performance supercapacitor devices at a low cost.

Background Plaque rupture and erosion are the 2 most common mechanisms for acute coronary syndromes. However, the outcome of these 2 distinct pathologies in patients with acute coronary syndromes has never been studied. Methods and Results We retrospectively studied 141 patients with acute coronary syndromes who underwent optical coherence tomography (OCT) imaging of the culprit lesion prior to stenting from the Massachusetts General Hospital OCT Registry. Management (stent versus no stent), poststent OCT findings, and outcomes were compared. Among the 141 culprit lesions, rupture was found in 79 (56%) patients and erosion in 62 (44%). Stent implantation was performed in 77 (97.5%) patients with rupture versus 49 (79.0%) in those with erosion (P