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Objectives Tibial tubercle is a crucial player in maintaining the structural integrity and functional stability of the knee joint. Currently, there is no standardized protocol for the classification and treatment of tibial tubercle fractures in adults. This study analyzed the incidence and treatment strategies of tibial tubercle fractures in adults according to the four‐column and nine‐segment classification system. Methods Data of patients with proximal tibial fractures involving tibial tubercle fractures who were treated at our hospital from August 2007 to March 2023 were retrospectively reviewed. The fractures were classified using the AO/OTA classification and four‐column and nine‐segment classification systems, and the treatment protocol (surgically treated or conservatively treated) was recorded. The number and distribution proportion of patients were counted. A two‐sided t‐test was conducted to determine the significance of differences between the gender and sides. Results In total, 169 tibial tubercle fractures were found in 1484 proximal tibial fractures. According to the AO/OTA classification, seven of the 169 patients, (4.1%) were type A, 36 patients (21.3%) were type B, and 126 patients (74.6%) were type C. According to the four‐column and nine‐segment classification, type 1 cleavage without free fragments was the most common type of fracture (93/169, 55.0%), followed by type 2 dissociative segmental fragments (48/169, 28.4%) and type 3 comminuted fractures (28/169, 16.6%). Overall, 139 of the 169 proximal tibial fractures with tuberosity involvement were treated surgically. Among them, additional fixation of the tubercle fragment was performed in 52 fractures. Conclusion The incidence of tibial tubercle fractures involved in proximal tibial fractures was approximately 11.4% (169/1484) in adults, and approximately one‐third of the tubercle bone fragment required additional fixation (30.8%, 52/169). The injury types in the four‐column and nine‐segment classifications are helpful for accurately judging and making treatment‐related decisions for tibial tubercle fractures.

Abstract This paper proposes a two‐stage stochastic scheduling model for urban distribution network resilience enhancement against ice storms, which coordinates mobile deicing equipment routing and distributed energy resources dispatching. An improved line ice thickness prediction model and a photovoltaic power generation prediction method in accordance with conditional generative adversarial networks are proposed to provide data boundaries for scheduling strategy. Facing the uncertainty of line failure, a two‐stage scenario‐based distribution network optimization model is established. At first stage, the mobile deicing equipment routing strategy is decided to mitigate the impact caused by ice storms. The Monte‐Carlo simulation method is introduced to describe the uncertainty of line failure due to ice acceleration. For the second stage, based on the results of photovoltaic forecasting and possible distribution line failure scenario generated by Monte‐Carlo simulation method, the optimal distributed energy resources dispatching strategy can be obtained through the mixed integer programming. The proposed model is simplified to a mixed integer linear programming model that can be solved by a commercial solver. The test results on the modified IEEE 33‐node system and modified 69‐node system demonstrate that the proposed method can effectively improve the resilience performance of urban distribution network under ice storms.

Abstract Hybrid excitons, characterized by their strong oscillation strength and long lifetimes, hold great potential as information carriers in semiconductors. They offer promising applications in exciton‐based devices and circuits. MoSe2/WS2 heterostructures represent an ideal platform for studying hybrid excitons, but how to regulate the exciton lifetime has not yet been explored. In this study, layer hybridization is modulated by applying electric fields parallel or antiparallel to the dipole moment, enabling us to regulate the exciton lifetime from 1.36 to 4.60 ns. Furthermore, the time‐resolved photoluminescence decay traces are measured at different excitation power. A hybrid exciton annihilation rate of 8.9 × 10−4 cm2 s−1 is obtained by fitting. This work reveals the effects of electric fields and excitation power on the lifetime of hybrid excitons in MoSe2/WS2 1.5° moiré heterostructures, which play important roles in high photoluminescence quantum yield optoelectronic devices based on transition‐metal dichalcogenides heterostructures.

Abstract Most clinical PARP inhibitors (PARPis) trap PARP1 in a chromatin‐bound state, leading to PARPi‐mediated cytotoxicity. PARPi resistance impedes the treatment of ovarian cancer in clinical practice. However, the mechanism by which cancer cells overcome PARP1 trapping to develop PARPi resistance remains unclear. Here, it is shown that high levels of KAT6A promote PARPi resistance in ovarian cancer, regardless of its catalytic activity. Mechanistically, the liquid‐liquid phase separation (LLPS) of KAT6A, facilitated by APEX1, inhibits the cytotoxic effects of PARP1 trapping during PARPi treatment. The stable KAT6A‐PARP1‐APEX1 complex reduces the amount of PARP1 trapped at the DNA break sites. In addition, inhibition of KAT6A LLPS, rather than its catalytic activity, impairs DNA damage repair and restores PARPi sensitivity in ovarian cancer both in vivo and in vitro. In conclusion, the findings demonstrate the role of KAT6A LLPS in fostering PARPi resistance and suggest that repressing KAT6A LLPS can be a potential therapeutic strategy for PARPi‐resistant ovarian cancer.

Abstract N4‐acetylcytidine (ac4C) is essential for the development and migration of tumor cells. According to earlier research, N‐acetyltransferase 10 (NAT10) can increase messenger RNAs (mRNAs) stability by catalyzing the synthesis of ac4C. However, little is known about NAT10 expression and its role in the acetylation modifications in prostate cancer (PCa). Thus, the biological function of NAT10 in PCa is investigated in this study. Compared to paraneoplastic tissues, the expression of NAT10 is significantly higher in PCa. The NAT10 expression is strongly correlated with the pathological grade, clinical stage, Gleason score, T‐stage, and N‐stage of PCa. NAT10 has the ability to advance the cell cycle and the epithelial‐mesenchymal transition (EMT), both of which raise the malignancy of tumor cells. Mechanistically, NAT10 enhance the stability of high mobility group AT‐hook 1 (HMGA1) by acetylating its mRNA, thereby promoting cell cycle progression to improve cell proliferation. In addition, NAT10 improve the stability of Keratin 8 (KRT8) by acetylating its mRNA, which promotes the progression of EMT to improve cell migration. This findings provide a potential prognostic or therapeutic target for PCa.

Abstract The Chinese alligator (Alligator sinensis) is currently an endangered species due to a combination of factors, including climate change, anthropogenic activities, and habitat fragmentation. Captivity plays a crucial role in mitigating the decline of the Chinese alligator population. Currently, there is a lack of clarity regarding the influence of host development and captive conditions on the gut microbiota of Chinese alligators. The aim of the study was to investigate the gut bacterial communities of Chinese alligators and their surrounding environmental bacterial communities using 16S rRNA sequencing. The primary gut flora of Chinese alligators consists of Proteobacteria, Bacteroidetes, and Firmicutes. Proteobacteria is the most abundant and efficient settler in the gut, water, and sediment. PCoA and Adonis test revealed significant differences in bacterial communities across these habitats. Venn analysis revealed overlap in OTUs among the gut, water, and sediment, varying with growth stage and density stress. Different growth stages of Chinese alligator guts harbor distinct pathogenic bacteria, requiring attention. Density stress leads to an increase in pathogenic bacteria, a decrease in gut absorption efficiency. PICRUst2 predicts more abundant metabolic pathways related to gut function during high‐density stress, possibly linked to Roseburia. SourceTracker Analysis indicated that water bacteria have a greater impact on Chinese alligator gut bacteria than sediment, and density stress significantly affects the contribution of environmental microorganisms to the gut microbes of Chinese alligator. BugBase analysis identified water body microbes as the main source of “potentially pathogenic” phenotypes in the gut microbiota. RDA analysis found dissolved oxygen (DO) in water to be the most significant factor influencing water microorganisms, positively correlated with certain pathogenic strains. These findings enhance our understanding of the significance of microbial communities in the gut and surrounding aquatic environment of the Chinese alligator. Furthermore, they provide theoretical support for environmental regulation, disease control, and healthy breeding.

Abstract The hyperglycemic pathophysiological environment in diabetic wounds is a major obstacle that impedes the healing process. Glucose‐responsive wound healing materials are a promising approach to address this challenge. In this study, complex coacervate‐based protocells are introduced for diabetic wound healing. By employing a microfluidic chip with an external mechanical vibrator, uniform coacervate microdroplets are generated via electrostatic interactions between diethylaminoethyl‐dextran and double‐stranded DNA. The spontaneous assembly of a phospholipid membrane on the droplet surface enhances its biocompatibility. Glucose oxidase and copper peroxide nanodots are integrated into microdroplets, enabling a glucose‐responsive cascade that produces hydroxyl radicals as antibacterial agents. These features contribute to efficient antibacterial activity and wound healing in diabetic mice. The present protocells facilitate intelligent wound management, and the design of cascade catalytic coacervates can contribute to the development of various smart vehicles for drug delivery.

Abstract Aberrant tumor mechanical microenvironment (TMME), featured with overactivated cancer‐associated fibroblasts (CAFs) and excessive extracellular matrix (ECM), severely restricts penetration and accumulation of cancer nanomedicines, while mild‐hyperthermia photothermal therapy (mild‐PTT) has been developed to modulate TMME. However, photothermal agents also encounter the barriers established by TMME, manifesting in limited penetration and heterogeneous distribution across tumor tissues and ending with attenuated efficiency in TMME regulation. Herein, it is leveraged indocyanine green (ICG)‐loaded soft nanogels with outstanding deformability, for efficient tumor penetration and uniform distribution, in combination with mild‐PTT to achieve potent TMME regulation by inhibiting CAFs and degrading ECM. As a result, doxorubicin (DOX)‐loaded stiff nanogels gain greater benefits in tumor penetration and antitumor efficacy than soft counterparts from softness‐mediated mild‐PTT. This study reveals the crucial role of nanomedicine mechanical properties in tumor distribution and provides a novel strategy for overcoming the barriers of solid tumors with soft deformable nanogels.

Abstract Construction of biomimetic models for structural color evolution not only gives new photonic phenomena but also provide cues for biological morphogenesis. Here, a novel confined self‐assembly method is proposed for the generation of hydroxypropyl cellulose (HPC)‐based cholesteric liquid crystals (CLCs) microbubbles. The assembly process relies on the combination of droplet microfluidics, solvent extraction, and a volume confined environment. The as‐prepared HPC structural color microbubbles have a transparent shell, an orderly arranged cholesteric liquid crystal (CLC) middle layer, and an innermost bubble core. The size of the microbubble, shell thickness, and the color of the CLC layer can be adjusted by altering the microfluidic parameters. Intriguingly, benefited from the compartmentalization effect provided by droplet microfluidics, microbubbles with multiple cores of different color combinations are generated under precise control. The self‐assembled CLCs microbubbles have bright structural color, suspending ability, and good temperature‐sensitive characteristics, making them ideal underwater sensors. The present confined assembly approach will shed light on creating novel photonic structures and the HPC microbubble will find widespread applications in multifunctional sensing, optical display, and other related fields are believed.

Abstract Despite an alarming increase in the prevalence of hypertension among Chinese young adults, longitudinal studies investigating factors that affect the maintenance of normal blood pressure (BP) in this population are lacking. Our study aimed to address this knowledge gap. A total of 7100 participants from the Kailuan Study who had normal BP and were aged

Abstract Background Treatment options are limited for recurrent/metastatic adenoid cystic carcinoma of the head and neck (R/M ACCHN). We aimed to evaluate the preliminary results of the efficacy and safety of all‐trans retinoic acid (ATRA) combined with low‐dose apatinib in patients with R/M ACCHN according to a secondary analysis of a phase II study. Methods Patients from a phase II study (NCT02775370) who orally administered 500 milligram (mg) apatinib daily until treatment‐related adverse events (AEs) intolerance or progression occurred were eligible for inclusion. Patients were further treated with combination therapy of ATRA (25 mg/m2/day) and apatinib (250 mg/day) between March 2019 and October 2021 until progression of disease (PD). Results A total of 16 patients were included with nine (56.3%) males and aged 35–69 years old. All recruited patients previously received anti‐angiogenic therapy then withdrew due to toxicities or progression occurred. The objective response rate (ORR) and disease control rate (DCR) were 18.8% and 100%, respectively. During a median follow‐up of 23.9 months (range:17.8–31.7 months), 11 (68.8%) patients developed PD and one of them died in 20.9 months. The median of progression‐free survival (PFS) was 16.3 months (95% CI: 7.2–25.4 months), and the 6‐month, 12‐month, and 24‐month PFS rates were 100%, 81.3%, and 33.3%, respectively. The grade 3 adverse events were albuminuria (n = 2, 12.5%) and hand‐foot syndrome (n = 1, 6.25%). Conclusion All‐trans retinoic acid combined with low‐dose apatinib might be a potential efficacy therapeutic option for patients with R/M ACCHN. This finding will be further confirmed by our registered ongoing trial, the APLUS study (NCT 04433169).

Abstract At present, attacks based on the vulnerability of the controller and flooding attacks still constitute a principal threat for hierarchical Software Defined Network (SDN), such as flow table tampering, malicious Application attacks, Distributed Denial of Service (DDoS) etc., due to the limitation against attacks based on known or unknown vulnerabilities for traditional cyber defence technology. Therefore, this study proposes an active defence architecture based on Mimic Defence (MD)–Mimic Hierarchical SDN Framework (MHSDN). Then endogenous security of MHSDN is theoretically analysed. Simultaneously, the attack surface measurement of MD is innovatively proposed, further improving the security and usability measurement standards of the MD system. Finally, to speed up detection and reduce defence cost of DDoS, this research proposes the Random Forest Feature Extract (RFFE) and tolerable switch migration. Simulation shows that RFFE has achieved a faster detection speed at the cost of less detection accuracy, and MHSDN can better improve the reliability of hierarchical SDN.

Objectives Understanding the occupational characteristics of patients is not only related to patients' life and health, but also conducive to improving their happiness. However, there were no studies that had been conducted on the relationship between occupation characteristic and postoperative recovery in patients with spinal fractures. The purpose of this study was to explore the relationship between the occupation characteristics of patients with thoracolumbar fracture and the characteristics of disease injury, treatment, and recovery so as to reduce the incidence and improve postoperative rehabilitation. Methods Patients (n = 719) with thoracolumbar fractures were recruited. Patients were grouped according to the characteristic of occupations: unemployed group (n = 299), white‐collar worker group (n = 20), and blue‐collar worker group (n = 400). Data were collected, including the characteristics, injury and treatment information, and the recovery records for 1 year after operation. One‐way ANOVA analysis, χ2 test, and binary logistic regression analysis was used to explore the relationship among these factors. Results Male, high‐falling injuries and single segment injury (mainly T 11, T 12 and L2) were common in patients with thoracolumbar fractures, especially in the blue‐collar worker group (70.8%, 78.3%, and 85.4%). Compared with the unemployed group, the patients in the white‐collar worker group and blue‐collar worker group had a higher proportion of young patients, a higher height and weight, a lesser rate of hypertension or diabetes. One week after injury, 73.4% of patients underwent surgery, with the blue‐collar worker group accounted for the largest proportion. One month after surgery, 77.1% of patients were able to get out of bed, with the white‐collar worker group accounted for the largest proportion. In the postoperative recovery information, patients in the blue‐collar worker group were more likely to have severe low back pain (OR = 2.023, 95% CI: 1.440‐2.284) and pain‐disturbed sleep (OR = 2.287, 95% CI: 1.585‐3.299) than those who in the unemployed group. Conclusions Blue‐collar workers, with a high risk of thoracolumbar fracture, have a higher incidence of low back leg pain and pain‐disturbed sleep in the recovery after thoracolumbar fracture surgery, and this requires more attention.

Abstract Tumor starvation induced by intratumor glucose depletion emerges as a promising strategy for anticancer therapy. However, its antitumor potencies are severely compromised by intrinsic tumor hypoxia, low delivery efficiencies, and undesired off‐target toxicity. Herein, a multifunctional cascade bioreactor (HCG), based on the self‐assembly of pH‐responsive hydroxyethyl starch prodrugs, copper ions, and glucose oxidase (GOD), is engineered, empowered by hyperbaric oxygen (HBO) for efficient cooperative therapy against aggressive breast cancers. Once internalized by tumor cells, HCG undergoes disassembly and releases cargoes in response to acidic tumor microenvironment. Subsequently, HBO activates GOD‐catalyzed oxidation of glucose to H2O2 and gluconic acid by ameliorating tumor hypoxia, fueling copper‐catalyzed •OH generation and pH‐responsive drug release. Meanwhile, HBO degrades dense tumor extracellular matrix, promoting tumor accumulation and penetration of HCG. Moreover, along with the consumption of glucose and the redox reaction of copper ions, the antioxidant capacity of tumor cells is markedly reduced, collectively boosting oxidative stress. As a result, the combination of HCG and HBO can not only remarkably suppress the growth of orthotopic breast tumors but also restrain pulmonary metastases by inhibiting cancer stem cells. Considering the clinical accessibility of HBO, this combined strategy holds significant translational potentials for GOD‐based therapies.

Abstract MnTe has been considered a promising candidate for lead‐free mid‐temperature range thermoelectric clean energy conversions. However, the widespread use of this technology is constrained by the relatively low‐cost performance of materials. Developing environmentally friendly thermoelectrics with high performance and earth‐abundant elements is thus an urgent task. MnTe is a candidate, yet a peak ZT of 1.4 achieved so far is less satisfactory. Here, a remarkably high ZT of 1.6 at 873 K in MnTe system is realized by facilitating multiple valence band convergence and localized lattice engineering. It is demonstrated that SbGe incorporation promotes the convergence of multiple electronic valence bands in MnTe. Simultaneously, the carrier concentration can be optimized by SbGeS alloying, which significantly enhances the power factor. Simultaneously, MnS nanorods combined with dislocations and lattice distortions lead to strong phonon scattering, resulting in a markedly low lattice thermal conductivity(κlat) of 0.54 W m K−1, quite close to the amorphous limit. As a consequence, extraordinary thermoelectric performance is achieved by decoupling electron and phonon transport. The vast increase in ZT promotes MnTe as an emerging Pb‐free thermoelectric compound for a wide range of applications in waste heat recovery and power generation.

Abstract Background Lenvatinib is a novel multiple receptor tyrosine kinase inhibitor used for hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) treatment. Although its main function is to suppress VEGFR and FGFR pathway, its immunomodulatory activity in HCC is not elucidated. Thus, this study aimed to investigate the immunomodulatory capability of lenvatinib in HCC. Material and methods Totally 47 patients with HCC were enrolled in this study, and the immune cells and serum cytokine profiles before initiation of treatment and after 1 and 3 months were measured. The immune checkpoint receptors on the immune cells were also evaluated. Kaplan–Meier survival estimate and log rank tests were used to assess the prognostic value. Result The frequency of T helper (Th) cells and T regulatory (Treg) cells reduced after lenvatinib treatment, while cytotoxic T lymphocyte (CTL) cells increased significantly. The cytokine profiles showed IL‐2, IL‐5, IFN‐γ increased; other cytokines including IL‐6, IL‐10, TNF‐ α and TNF‐ β decreased with lenvatinib therapy. Furthermore, the PD‐1 and TIM‐3 expressed on CTL had greatly decreased; the expression of TIM‐3 and CTLA‐4 was reduced on Treg cells as well. Besides, the new index CTL/Treg ratio was created, and low ratio was associated with the unfavorable outcome of HCC patients. Conclusion Our results confirmed that lenvatinib is capable of improving patients’ immune status, saving the effector cells from exhaustion status and inhibiting the number and function of immunosuppressive cells. The novel index CTL/Treg ratio qualifies as a predictor for the outcome of patients with lenvatinib therapy.

Abstract Outbreaks of coronaviruses (CoVs), especially severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS‐CoV‐2), have posed serious threats to humans and animals, which urgently calls for effective broad‐spectrum antivirals. RNA‐dependent RNA polymerase (RdRp) plays an essential role in viral RNA synthesis and is an ideal pan‐coronaviral therapeutic target. Herein, based on cryo‐electron microscopy and biochemical approaches, gossypol (GOS) is identified from 881 natural products to directly block SARS‐CoV‐2 RdRp, thus inhibiting SARS‐CoV‐2 replication in both cellular and mouse infection models. GOS also acts as a potent inhibitor against the SARS‐CoV‐2 variant of concern (VOC) and exerts same inhibitory effects toward mutated RdRps of VOCs as the RdRp of the original SARS‐CoV‐2. Moreover, that the RdRp inhibitor GOS has broad‐spectrum anti‐coronavirus activity against alphacoronaviruses (porcine epidemic diarrhea virus and swine acute diarrhea syndrome coronavirus), betacoronaviruses (SARS‐CoV‐2), gammacoronaviruses (avian infectious bronchitis virus), and deltacoronaviruses (porcine deltacoronavirus) is showed. The findings demonstrate that GOS may serve as a promising lead compound for combating the ongoing COVID‐19 pandemic and other coronavirus outbreaks.

Abstract Gellan gum (GG) is often added to gelatin (GL) to improve the gel property. GG‐based or inulin (IL)‐based hydrogels were developed. Rigid and brittle gels or smooth and delicate gels were prepared with GG and IL, respectively. This study aimed to explore the properties and interaction mechanisms of the mixed‐gel system containing GL, GG, and IL, in which different ratios of GG‐IL (0.4%) (10:0, 8:2, 6:4, 5:5, 4:6, 2:8, and 0:10) were added to GL (6%). Texture profiles, rheological properties, water mobility, intermolecular forces, circular dichroism (CD) spectra, and microstructures were analyzed. The results showed that addition of GG‐IL could improve the hardness, chewiness, and cohesiveness of mixed‐gel, besides maintaining appropriate springiness. Water mobility of the mixed‐gel decreased while viscoelasticity increased upon the addition GG. At GG:IL = 2:8, the melting temperature of mixed‐gel was far higher than that of GL gel itself. The GL‐GG‐IL gel showed decrease in nonspecific bonding and increase in hydrogen bonding compared with the GL gel. CD spectra indicated the promotion of GL unfolding by GG, hence suggesting the binding of GG to GL; binding ability was better at GG:IL >5:5. Cryo‐SEM provided evidence for the formation of cross‐linked network within GL‐GG‐IL. Overall, we concluded that addition of GG‐IL to GL system would be most suitable for improving the properties of mixed‐gel. This finding may be potentially applicable in the further development of gel food products, such as meat jellies and gummy jellies.

Abstract Thermal treatment is a widely applied food processing technology in the meat industry due to its convenience. However, the interpretation of the changes in the bacterial community and quality properties in the thermal processed meat products have not been well established. Therefore, the effects of thermal treatment on the quality characteristics and bacterial communities in meatballs during storage at 4°C were investigated, which will provide a more comprehensive understanding of the influence of thermal treatment on the meat quality. Thermal treatment (121°C, 15 min) decreased the initial total viable bacterial counts by 2.1 log CFU/g and the diversity of the initial bacterial communities in meatballs. Compared with the thermal treatment group, a significantly more rapidly increasing trend of total volatile basic nitrogen and a decreasing trend of pH were observed in the control group. At the end of storage, the bacterial community was dominated by Streptococcus, Acinetobacter and Pseudomonas in the thermal treatment meatballs, whereas Pseudomonas, Pantoea, and Serratia. dominated the bacterial community of the control group. Besides, the predicted metabolic pathways revealed high levels of carbohydrate, amino acid, and lipid metabolism in the control group. This finding could contribute to a deep understanding of the influence of thermal treatment on the meat quality. Moreover, these results could provide a theoretical foundation for the development of alternative and novel nonthermal processing technologies for use in the meat industry.

Abstract Background Neutrophil extracellular traps (NETs), webs of DNA and citrullinated histones extruded from activated neutrophils cause transfusion‐related acute lung injury. Supernatants of stored red blood cell (RBC) units might promote NETosis in neutrophils from the units or from transfusion recipients. Hypotheses (1) NETs form during storage of canine RBC, (2) leukoreduction (LR) before storage of RBC reduces NETosis, and (3) supernatant from stored, nonleukoreduced (NLR) RBC units induces NETosis in healthy canine neutrophils modeling transfusion recipients. Animals Six healthy purpose‐bred research dogs were utilized for blood donation. Methods Prospective controlled study. RBC units were collected from each dog, aseptically divided into 2 equal subunits, 1 of which was leukoreduced, and stored for 42 days. Stored units were sampled biweekly for quantification of NET markers citrullinated histone H3 (Western blot) and cell‐free DNA (cfDNA) (DNA dye binding). Unit supernatants were applied ex vivo to canine neutrophils and extracellular DNA release representing NETosis was assessed. Results Markers of NETs increased during RBC storage (cfDNA P

Abstract Producing high economic benefits and high grain yields with limited environmental impacts is crucial for feeding the world's growing population. Yet it remains challenging to improve the performance of one objective without creating unintended consequences for other objectives. This is especially difficult for smallholders navigating a diverse array of environmental and personal demands. This study demonstrates how combining participatory research through the Science and Technology Backyards (STB) approach with Pareto‐based ranking modeling can increase smallholder production while also reducing environmental impact. Through an intensive farmer survey in a 1 × 1 km grid in Quzhou County, we demonstrate that farmers engaged in STBs performed better according to multiple objectives (i.e., optimizing overall grain yield, benefit‐cost ratio, and GHG emissions, without compromising any one of these objectives) than farmer's not engaged in STBs. Moreover, we used a Pareto optimization approach (OPT) to determine the optimal smallholder scenario. We found that under OPT, grain yield could reach 9.5 t/ha, with a benefit‐cost ratio of 2.1, a 100% N recovery efficiency, and 7,395 kg CO2eq ha−1 GHG emissions. With OPT as a final goal, our research team worked with STB farmers to improve economic and environmental outcomes without compromising yield. Our findings demonstrate that no significant difference was obtained between farmers engaged in STBs and these under OPT. Compared with non‐STB farmers, STB farmers’ grain yield improved by 18%, benefit‐cost ratio improved by 26% due to improved N recovery efficiency, and GHG emissions were reduced by 31%. These improvements demonstrate the power of scientist–farmer engagement for optimizing wheat production. Such engagement allows farmers to modify their agronomic practices to more closely match Pareto optimal conditions, thus improving environmental and economic benefits without compromising yield. Our results provide solid evidence of the potential for sustainable wheat production by combining modeling with participatory research.

There are many kinds of vibration forms of drillstring in petroleum drilling. Whirl is one of the main vibration modes when drilling tools are drilling, and it is also the main reason of fatigue failure of the drillstring. In this paper, the causes of drillstring whirl are analyzed. The results show that the speed of rotation (RPM) is a major factor that affects the severity of the whirl. The greater the speed of rotation, the more intense the whirl. The whirl of the drillstring will produce bending stress. The severity of the whirl of the drillstring is the main factor affecting the bending stress. The increase of RPM and weight on bit (WOB) will lead to the increase of bending stress. The RPM has a great influence on the bending stress. Given the complex stress condition of drillstring, the calculation model of safety factor is established. The bending stress and safety factor are calculated under the different WOB and RPM. The relationship between dynamic bending stress and the safety factor of drilling tools is analyzed. Bending stress has great influence on the safety factor of drillstring. The variation trend of safety factor is opposite to that of bending stress caused by whirl. It provides a theoretical reference for the optimization of drilling tools in drilling engineering construction.

The great threat and destructiveness brought by a rock burst make its prediction and prevention crucial in engineering. The rock burst hazard evaluation at project locations is an effective way of preventing rock burst since currently real-time prediction is not available. Since different control factors and discrimination conditions of rock burst were accepted by conventional risk determination methods, the rock burst risk determination in the same area may produce conflicting results. In this study, Naive Bayes statistical learning models based on different model prior distributions representing highly complicated nonlinear relationship between rock burst hazard and impact factors were built to evaluate the rock burst hazards. The results suggested that the Bayes statistical learning model based on a Gaussian prior has the strongest performance over four preset prior distributions. Combining the rock mechanics parameters measured in the laboratory and the stress data collected on the project sites, the proposed model was successfully employed to evaluate the kimberlite rock burst risk of a diamond mine in Canada. The Bayes statistical learning model exhibits its robustness and generalization in rock burst hazard evaluation, which can be generalized for similar engineering cases with enough supported data.

Endoscopic submucosal dissection (ESD) is a technically difficult endoscopic procedure for treating gastrointestinal diseases. Procedure time is longer, and complications such as mucosal defects, intraoperative perforation, and bleeding occur frequently. Here, to solve these problems, we described the clip-with-line traction suture method that applied and performed for closing mucosal defects after ESD in three representative cases.

Limestone powder can cause the thaumasite form of sulfate attack (TSA) of cement-based materials, but the relationship between the content of limestone powder and the degree of TSA is unclear. Hence, six different contents of limestone powder (0%, 5%, 10%, 15%, 30%, and 45%) were used to study the effect of the limestone powder content on the TSA of cement-based materials according to appearance and Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), Raman spectroscopy, X-ray diffraction (XRD), and chemical analyses. The test results indicated that limestone powder could promote sulfate attack. The formation of ettringite and gypsum was accelerated when the content of the limestone powder was not more than 10%. The degradation degree of the TSA was the most severe when the content of limestone powder was 30%. A new product, hydrated calcium carboaluminate, was found when the content of the limestone powder was 45%, and the degradation of the TSA was also delayed.

A hybrid electrical bus employs both a turbo diesel engine and an electric motor to drive the vehicle in different speed-torque scenarios. The cooling system for such a vehicle is particularly power costing because it needs to dissipate heat from not only the engine, but also the intercooler and the motor. An electronic control unit (ECU) has been designed with a single chip computer, temperature sensors, DC motor drive circuit, and optimized control algorithm to manage the speeds of several fans for efficient cooling using a nonlinear fan speed adjustment strategy. Experiments suggested that the continuous operating performance of the ECU is robust and capable of saving 15% of the total electricity comparing with ordinary fan speed control method.

In order to solve the problem of access control among different security domains in cloud networks, this paper presents an access control model based on role and trust-degree. The model combines role-based access control and trust-based access control. The role assessment weights are defined based on the user’s role classes, and the trust-degree is calculated according to the role assessment weights and the role’s behavior. In order to increase the accuracy of access control, the model gives the concept and calculation methods of feedback trust-degree. To achieve fine-grained access control, the model introduces direct trust-degree, recommendation trust-degree, and feedback trust-degree, all of which participate in comprehensive trust-degree by adjusting their weights. A simulation experiment was conducted in the LAN environment, and a web system was used to construct an access control model with multisecurity domains in the experiment. The experimental results demonstrate that our model has higher security, expansibility, and flexibility.

Signal generators are widely used in experimental courses of universities. However, most of the commercial tests signal generators are expensive and bulky. In addition, a majority of them are in a fixed working mode with many little-used signals. In order to improve this situation, a small sized and highly accurate economic signal generator based on DDS technology has been developed, which is capable of providing wave signals commonly used in experiments. Firstly, it is introduced the basic principles of DDS and is determined the overall scheme of the signal generator. Then, it proposes a design of the hardware, which include power supply module, display module, keyboard module, waveform generating module based on DDS chip, and the minimum system module based on C8051F010. The signal generator was designed to output sine and square waveforms, and the other achieved performances included the frequency range 0.1 Hz–12.5 MHz, the frequency resolution 0.05 Hz–0.1 Hz, the output amplitude 1.0–4.5 V, the frequency accuracy Kfmin=94.12% and Kfmax=99.99%, and the signal distortion RTHDmin=0.638% and RTHDmax=11.67%.

In order to implement automatic spraying on Hyphantria cunea larva nets, a spraying robot system with monocular hand-eye coordination and smart targeting abilities was designed according to the target net features. The system realized spatial two-dimensional motions driven by step motors on linear guide rails. Images were processed in real-time to extract the net curtain targets defined using the border area, and the optimal spraying position was then determined. An identification algorithm based on the global net image to distinguish targets before and after spray was proposed. A simulation environment was designed to verify the correctness of this method. Results showed that the highest rate of over spray is 288.5%, and the spray miss rate is 0.

Ataxia telangiectasia mutated (ATM) gene is critical in the process of recognizing and repairing DNA lesions and is related to invasion and metastasis of malignancy. The incidence rate of papillary thyroid cancer (PTC) has increased for several decades and is higher in females than males. In this study, we want to investigate whether ATM polymorphisms are associated with gender-specific metastasis of PTC. 358 PTC patients in Northern China, including 109 males and 249 females, were included in our study. Four ATM single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) were genotyped using Matrix-Assisted Laser Desorption/Ionization Time of Flight Mass Spectrometry (MALDI-TOF-MS). Association between genotypes and the gender-specific risk of metastasis was assessed by odds ratios (OR) and 95% confidence intervals (CI) under the unconditional logistic regression analysis. Significant associations were observed between rs189037 and metastasis of PTC in females under different models of inheritance (codominant model: OR=0.15, 95% CI 0.04–0.56, P=0.01 for GA versus GG and OR=0.08, 95% CI 0.01–0.74, P=0.03 for AA versus GG, resp.; dominant model: OR=0.49, 95% CI 0.25–0.98, P=0.04; overdominant model: OR=0.47, 95% CI 0.25–0.89, P=0.02). However, no association remained significant after Bonferroni correction. Our findings suggest a possible association between ATM rs189037 polymorphisms and metastasis in female PTCs.

Bionic quadruped robots received considerable worldwide research attention. For a quadruped robot walking with steady paces on a flat terrain, using a cam drive control mechanism instead of servomotors provides theoretical and practical benefits as it reduces the system weight, cost, and control complexities; thus it may be more cost beneficial for some recreational or household applications. This study explores the robot step mechanism including the leg and cam drive control systems based on studying the bone structure and the kinematic step sequences of dog. The design requirements for the cam drive robot legs have been raised, and the mechanical principles of the leg operating mechanism as well as the control parameters have been analyzed. A cam drive control system was constructed using three cams to control each leg. Finally, a four-leg demo robot was manufactured for experiments and it showed stable walking patterns on a flat floor.

A facile approach of body modification on substrate is introduced to enhance the light extraction for organic devices. The lateral metal reflective film (LMRF) was coated on side of substrate and microlens array (MLA) was fabricated on forward surface of substrate. The two methods of improving light output are simulated and optimized to form body modification. The metal thin film was evaporated on the side of reversal trapezoid shape substrate to form LMRF layer and the MLA with semicircle shape was fabricated on the substrate using normal photolithography process. The external quantum efficiency of fabricated organic device with body modification is ~1.8 times higher than the device with normal substrate.

Objective. To investigate VIP effect on the cytotoxicity of NK cell to gastric cancer cells in vitro and the relation between the effect with the NKG2D signal molecules in NK cells. Material and Methods. NK cells were purified from peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMC). Before and after NK cells were incubated with VIP or its antagonist (D-p-Cl-Phe6,Leu17)-VIP, we detected the cytotoxicity of NK cells to MKN45 gastric cancer cells by MTT and detected the expressions of NKG2D, DAP10, and NF-κB proteins and mRNAs in NK cells by immunocytochemistry and RT-PCR in those conditions. Then we analyzed the effect of VIP and its antagonist on the cytotocicity of NK cell to gastric cancer cells and on expressions of NKG2D, DAP10, and NF-κB signal molecules in NK cells. Results. VIP could inhibit the cytotoxicity of NK cells to MKN45 cells and could inhibit the expressions of NKG2D, DAP10, and NF-κB in NK cells. However, (D-p-Cl-Phe6, Leu17)-VIP could reverse those effects. Conclusions. The VIP inhibited the cytotoxicity of NK cell to MKN45 cells which might get through inhibiting the expressions of NKG2D signal molecules in NK cells. This may be one mechanism of gastric cancer cells escaping organism immune clearance.

In high-dimensional gene expression experiments such as microarray and RNA-seq experiments, the number of measured variables is huge while the number of replicates is small. As a consequence, hypothesis testing is challenging because the power of tests can be very low after controlling multiple testing error. Optimal testing procedures with high average power while controlling false discovery rate are preferred. Many methods were constructed to achieve high power through borrowing information across genes. Some of these methods can be shown to achieve the optimal average power across genes, but only under a normal assumption of alternative means. However, the assumption of a normal distribution is likely violated in practice. In this paper, we propose a novel semiparametric optimal testing (SPOT) procedure for high-dimensional data with small sample size. Our procedure is more robust because it does not depend on any parametric assumption for the alternative means. We show that the proposed test achieves the maximum average power asymptotically as the number of tests goes to infinity. Both simulation study and the analysis of a real microarray data with spike-in probes show that the proposed SPOT procedure performs better when compared to other popularly applied procedures.