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Background Tyrosine kinase inhibitors (TKI) can be safely discontinued in chronic phase chronic myeloid leukemia (CP‐CML) patients who had achieved a sustained deep molecular response. Based on the results of discontinuation trials, recommendations regarding patient selection for a treatment‐free remission (TFR) attempt had been proposed. The aims of this study were to evaluate the rate of patients eligible for TKI discontinuation and molecular recurrence‐free survival (MRFS) after stop according to recommendations. Methods Over a 10‐year period, newly diagnosed CP‐CML patients and treated with first‐line TKI in the nine French participating centers were included. Eligibility to treatment discontinuation and MRFS were analyzed and compared according to selection criteria defined by recommendations and first‐line treatments. Results From January 2006 to December 2015, 398 patients were considered. Among them, 73% and 27% of patients received imatinib or either second or third generation tyrosine kinase inhibitors as frontline treatment, respectively. Considering the selection criteria defined by recommendations, up to 55% of the patients were selected as optimal candidates for treatment discontinuation. Overall 95/398 (24%) discontinued treatment. MRFS was 51.8% [95% CI 41.41–62.19] at 2 years and 43.8% [31.45–56.15] at 5 years. Patients receiving frontline second‐generation TKI and fulfilling the eligibility criteria suggested by recommendations had the lowest probability of molecular relapse after TKI stop when compare to others. Conclusion One third of CP‐CML patients treated with TKI frontline fulfilled the selection criteria suggested by European LeukemiaNet TFR recommendations. Meeting selection criteria and second‐generation TKI frontline were associated with the highest MRFS., Tyrosine kinase inhibitors (TKI) can be safely discontinued in chronic phase chronic myeloid leukemia patients who had achieved a sustained deep molecular response. Several recommendations regarding the optimal selection of the patients before stop have been proposed. Based on these recommendations, we estimate that one third of the patients treated with frontline TKI will meet these criteria. Moreover, patients treated with frontline second generation TKI and selected as optimal candidate according to these recommendations have the highest probability of molecular recurrence‐free survival when compared to others.

Macro-autophagy (hereafter referred to as autophagy) delivers cytoplasmic material to the lysosome for degradation, and has been implicated in many cellular processes, including stress, infection, survival, and death. While the regulation and role that autophagy plays in stress, infection, and survival is apparent, the regulation of and role that autophagy has during cell death remains relatively unclear. In this review, we highlight what is known about the role that autophagy can play during physiological cell death, and discuss the implications of better understanding cellular destruction that involves autophagy.

Purpose To determine if intra-voxel incoherent motion diffusion-weighted imaging (IVIM-DWI) parameters, including free molecular-based (D) and perfusion-related (D*, f) diffusion parameters, correlate with the degree of tumor necrosis and viable tumor in colo-rectal cancer (CRC) metastasis. Materials and Methods Fifteen patients referred for resection of liver metastases from CRC were retrospectively included in this Institutional Review Board approved study. An IVIM-DWI sequence was performed on a 1.5 Tesla MR imaging system, with 10 b factors (0, 10, 20, 30, 50, 80, 100, 200, 400 and 800 s/mm2). Mean D, D*, f and apparent diffusion coefficient (ADC) values were determined in metastases with a longest diameter above 10 mm. Correlations between the diffusion parameters and the degree of liver tumor necrosis and viable tissue were determined (Spearman). Results Correlation between diffusion parameters and histopathological findings was performed in 35 hepatic metastases with a diameter of more than 10 mm (mean size of 17.9 mm; range, 1–68 mm). Both D (r = 0.36; P = 0.035) and ADC (r = 0.4; P = 0.02) correlated with the degree of tumor necrosis but not with viable tumor. Conclusion ADC variation observed in CRC metastases following systemic chemotherapy reflects a specific increase in free-molecular diffusion (D), in itself correlated to the degree of metastasis necrosis. J. Magn. Reson. Imaging 2014;39:317–325. © 2013 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.

The horticultural value, taxonomy, distribution, habitat and cultivation requirements of Iris lazica Albov (Iridaceae), which occurs in the eastern Black Sea region, are discussed; illustrations and a full description are provided.

In 1938, W. T. Steam commented that "[William] Curtis' beautiful work, the Flora Londinensis has long been a source of difficulty to botanical bibliographers . .. there still remains much to ascertain about its course of publication."' Flora Londinensis was issued in parts, "numbers," each containing six plates with descriptive letter-press. The publication dates of many of the separate parts have not been established.2 The first part is considered to have been published in May 1775,3 and the four subsequent parts, at least, also appeared in that year. One new source giving information on the course of publication has been found in the papers of John Foster (1740-1828), who was an eminent Irish politician and the last speaker of the Irish House of Commons (1785-1800). He was a keen and competent horticulturist, and used his position within the Irish parliament to influence the campaign to establish a botanical garden in Dublin. Indeed, Foster effectively controlled the Botanic Gardens of the (Royal) Dublin Society, now the National Botanic Gardens, from their foundation in the late eighteenth century until his death in 1828.4 Foster was a keen collector of contemporary books and pamphlets on many subjects including politics, agriculture and botany.5 In 1775, Foster bought a number of books, including parts of Flora Londinensis, from the London bookseller Benjamin White. Foster is listed as one of the subscribers to the flora, and the imprint of the work reads "printed for and sold by the author [W. Curtis] . . . and B. White, bookseller, in Fleet-street. . ." A receipt for these purchases, issued by White, is preserved (see Fig. 1) and includes the entries