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17 results on '"Cavender-Bares, J"'

1. Tree diversity reduces variability in sapling survival under drought

Author

Blondeel, H., Guillemot, J., Martin-StPaul, N., Druel, A., Bilodeau-Gauthier, S., Bauhus, J., Grossiord, C., Hector, A., Jactel, H., Jensen, J., Messier, C., Muys, B., Serrano-León, H., Auge, Harald, Barsoum, N., Birhane, E., Bruelheide, H., Cavender-Bares, J., Chu, C., Cumming, J.R., Damtew, A., Eisenhauer, N., Ferlian, O., Fiedler, S., Ganade, G., Godbold, D.L., Gravel, D., Hall, J.S., Hölscher, D., Hulvey, K.B., Koricheva, J., Kreft, H., Lapadat, C., Liang, J., Liu, X., Meredieu, C., Mereu, S., Montgomery, R., Morillas, L., Nock, C., Paquette, A., Parker, J.D., Parker, W.C., Paterno, G.B., Perring, M.P., Ponette, Q., Potvin, C., Reich, P.B., Rentch, J., Rewald, B., Sandén, H., Sinacore, K., Standish, R.J., Stefanski, A., Tobin, P.C., van Breugel, M., Vergara Fagundes, M., Weih, M., Williams, L.J., Zhou, M., Scherer-Lorenzen, M., Verheyen, K., Baeten, L., Blondeel, H., Guillemot, J., Martin-StPaul, N., Druel, A., Bilodeau-Gauthier, S., Bauhus, J., Grossiord, C., Hector, A., Jactel, H., Jensen, J., Messier, C., Muys, B., Serrano-León, H., Auge, Harald, Barsoum, N., Birhane, E., Bruelheide, H., Cavender-Bares, J., Chu, C., Cumming, J.R., Damtew, A., Eisenhauer, N., Ferlian, O., Fiedler, S., Ganade, G., Godbold, D.L., Gravel, D., Hall, J.S., Hölscher, D., Hulvey, K.B., Koricheva, J., Kreft, H., Lapadat, C., Liang, J., Liu, X., Meredieu, C., Mereu, S., Montgomery, R., Morillas, L., Nock, C., Paquette, A., Parker, J.D., Parker, W.C., Paterno, G.B., Perring, M.P., Ponette, Q., Potvin, C., Reich, P.B., Rentch, J., Rewald, B., Sandén, H., Sinacore, K., Standish, R.J., Stefanski, A., Tobin, P.C., van Breugel, M., Vergara Fagundes, M., Weih, M., Williams, L.J., Zhou, M., Scherer-Lorenzen, M., Verheyen, K., and Baeten, L.

Abstract

Enhancing tree diversity may be important to fostering resilience to drought-related climate extremes. So far, little attention has been given to whether tree diversity can increase the survival of trees and reduce its variability in young forest plantations.We conducted an analysis of seedling and sapling survival from 34 globally distributed tree diversity experiments (363,167 trees, 168 species, 3744 plots, 7 biomes) to answer two questions: (1) Do drought and tree diversity alter the mean and variability in plot-level tree survival, with higher and less variable survival as diversity increases? and (2) Do species that survive poorly in monocultures survive better in mixtures and do specific functional traits explain monoculture survival?Tree species richness reduced variability in plot-level survival, while functional diversity (Rao's Q entropy) increased survival and also reduced its variability. Importantly, the reduction in survival variability became stronger as drought severity increased. We found that species with low survival in monocultures survived comparatively better in mixtures when under drought. Species survival in monoculture was positively associated with drought resistance (indicated by hydraulic traits such as turgor loss point), plant height and conservative resource-acquisition traits (e.g. low leaf nitrogen concentration and small leaf size).Synthesis. The findings highlight: (1) The effectiveness of tree diversity for decreasing the variability in seedling and sapling survival under drought; and (2) the importance of drought resistance and associated traits to explain altered tree species survival in response to tree diversity and drought. From an ecological perspective, we recommend mixing be considered to stabilize tree survival, particularly when functionally diverse forests with drought-resistant species also promote high survival of drought-sensitive species.

Published
2024

2. TRY plant trait database - enhanced coverage and open access

Author

Kattge, J., Bonisch, G., Diaz, S., Lavorel, S., Prentice, I. C., Leadley, P., Tautenhahn, S., Werner, G. D. A., Aakala, T., Abedi, M., Acosta, A. T. R., Ciccarelli, D., Fontana, V., Roberts, S., Robroek, B., Roddy, A., Marchetti, Z., Rodrigues, A. V., Bekker, R., Honnay, O., Chapin, F. S., Bauters, M., Amiaud, B., Rogers, A., Rollinson, E., Rolo, V., Romermann, C., Ronzhina, D., Amoroso, M. M., Marchino, L., Coll, L., Roscher, C., Cherubini, P., Kloeppel, B., Rosell, J. A., Rosenfield, M. F., Kraft, N. J. B., Hornstein, D., Rossi, C., Roy, D. B., Belfry, G., Royer-Tardif, S., Marcilio-Silva, V., Pakeman, R. J., Ruger, N., Ma, S. Y., Ruiz-Peinado, R., Forey, E., Rumpf, S. B., Collins, C. G., Kramer, K., Rusch, G. M., Hou, E. Q., Ryo, M., Papageorgiou, A. C., Sack, L., Falster, D. S., Ammer, C., Saldana, A., Salgado-Negret, B., Salguero-Gomez, R., Belluau, M., Santa-Regina, I., Forgiarini, C., Bahalkeh, K., Parfionova, E., Santacruz-Garcia, A. C., Santos, J., Asmara, D. H., Morrison, J., Marcon, E., Conti, L., Sardans, J., Schamp, B., Scherer-Lorenzen, M., Schleuning, M., Koike, F., Schmid, B., Schmidt, M., Kreft, H., Schmitt, S., Mucina, L., Francois, L., Marignani, M., Beloiu, M., Ejtehadi, H., Schneider, J. V., Partel, M., Schowanek, S. D., Coomes, D., Schrader, J., Schrodt, F., Schuldt, B., Mueller, S., Kuhn, I., Schurr, F., Kitzberger, T., Garvizu, G. S., Patacca, M., Semchenko, M., Frangipani, M., Hough-Snee, N., Seymour, C., Sfair, J. C., Benavides, R., Muir, C. D., Sharpe, J. M., Albert, C. H., Kumarathunge, D., Finegan, B., Cailleret, M., Sheppard, C. S., Sheremetiev, S., Shiodera, S., Shipley, B., Shovon, T. A., Adamidis, G. C., Muller, S. C., Frank, D., Siebenkas, A., Baldocchi, D., Sierra, C., Silva, V., Markesteijn, L., Kuppler, J., Silva, M., Benomar, L., Cornelissen, J. H. C., Sitzia, T., Baruch, Z., Sjoman, H., Moravcova, L., Slot, M., Hovstad, K. A., Smith, N. G., Frenette-Dussault, C., Martin, A., Sodhi, D., Kurokawa, H., Soltis, P., Soltis, D., Heuertz, M., Camac, J., Somers, B., Sonnier, G., Sorensen, M. V., Cornwell, W. K., Berdugo-Lattke, M. L., Ichie, T., Cavender-Bares, J., Sosinski, E. E., Soudzilovskaia, N. A., Carbognani, M., Paula, S., Munoz, F., Freschet, G. T., Souza, A. F., Spasojevic, M., Sperandii, M. G., Stan, A. B., Stegen, J., Steinbauer, K., Baltzer, J., Stephan, J. G., Paule, J., Igic, B., Myers-Smith, I. H., Corona, P., Hattingh, W., Sterck, F., Berenguer, E., Fry, E. L., Stojanovic, D. B., Strydom, T., Suarez, M. L., Pauli, H., Martinez-Garza, C., Svenning, J. C., Pereira, C. M. R., Svitkova, I., Svitok, M., Illa, E., Kurosawa, Y., Svoboda, M., Swaine, E., Coyea, M., Pausas, J. G., Swenson, N., Byun, C., Martinez-Vilalta, J., Esquivel-Muelbert, A., Tabarelli, M., Bergamin, R., Takagi, K., Tappeiner, U., Tarifa, R., Burrascano, S., Peco, B., Isaac, M., Tauugourdeau, S., Tavsanoglu, C., te Beest, M., Myster, R. W., Maskova, T., Tedersoo, L., Craine, J., Fyllas, N. M., Thiffault, N., Chianucci, F., Thom, D., Thomas, E., Kuyah, S., Bergmann, J., Ishihara, M., Nagano, M., Thompson, K., Mason, K., Thornton, P. E., Thuiller, W., Kollmann, J., Tichy, L., Tissue, D., Tjoelker, M. G., Mazzochini, G. G., Craven, D., Laclau, J. P., Feng, Y. H., Tng, D. Y. P., Tobias, J., Fan, Y., Bazzato, E., Ivanov, L., Torok, P., Tarin, T., Carlucci, M. B., Torres-Ruiz, J. M., Tothmeresz, B., Treurnicht, M., Chelli, S., Trivellone, V., Lafleur, B., Penuelas, J., Anand, M., Kjoller, R., Trolliet, F., Cromsigt, J. P. G. M., Ivanova, L., Trotsiuk, V., Tsakalos, J. L., Tsiripidis, I., Naidu, S., Tysklind, N., Barneche, D. R., Umehara, T., Berner, L., Lallai, E., Mason, N., Usoltsev, V. A., Vadeboncoeur, M., Gachet, S., Vaezi, J., Elser, J., Narayanan, A., Helm, A., Valladares, F., Csecserits, A., Vamosi, J., van Bodegom, P. M., van Breugel, M., E-Vojtko, A., Bahn, M., Van Cleemput, E., van de Weg, M., van der Merwe, S., Perea, A., Natesan, B., Bernhardt-Romermann, M., Gallagher, R., Iversen, C. M., van der Plas, F., van der Sande, M. T., van Kleunen, M., Massad, T. J., Cufar, K., Lamb, E., Peri, P. L., Van Meerbeek, K., Negoita, L., Vanderwel, M., Vanselow, K. A., Varhammar, A., Varone, L., Valderrama, M. Y., Asner, G. P., Ganade, G., Masse, J., Hipp, A. L., Vassilev, K., Bigler, C., Hickler, T., Lamprecht, A., Vellend, M., Veneklaas, E. J., Cuntz, M., Verbeeck, H., Verheyen, K., Vibrans, A., Firn, J., Vieira, I., Mayrose, I., Camarero, J. J., Mack, M., Villacis, J., Ganga, F., Larkin, D. J., Violle, C., Vivek, P., Wagner, K., Petisco-Souza, A. C., Bjorkman, A. D., Waldram, M., Alcantara, J. M., McCarthy, J., Nelson, A. S., Waldron, A., Walker, A. P., Izquierdo, J., Waller, M., Hawes, J. E., Petraglia, A., Walther, G., Garcia-Palacios, P., Wang, H., Wang, F., Wang, W. Q., Han, W. X., Cerabolini, B. E. L., Watkins, H., Watkins, J., Blackman, C., Petritan, A. M., da Silva, A. C., Jackson, R. B., Laughlin, D., Weber, U., Weedon, J. T., Wei, L. P., Neuschulz, E. L., Gargaglione, V., McCormack, M. L., Weigelt, P., Phillips, O. L., Weiher, E., Wells, A. W., Wellstein, C., Wenk, E., Westoby, M., Carvalho, F., Jackson, B., Bastianelli, D., Westwood, A., Dahlin, K. M., Komac, B., Banerjee, A., Blanco, C., White, P. J., Garnier, E., Whitten, M., Williams, M., Winkler, D. E., Winter, K., Ni, J., Esser, G., Moreno-Martinez, A., Womack, C., Jactel, H., McCulloh, K., Wright, I. J., Wright, S. J., Wright, J., Dainese, M., Pinho, B. X., Marques, M., Niedrist, G., Pierce, S., Blonder, B., Ximenes, F., Le Bagousse-Pinguet, Y., Yamada, T., Klein, T., Yamaji, K., Jagodzinski, A. M., Yanai, R., Yankov, N., Yguel, B., Kitajima, K, Fernandez-Mendez, F., Zanini, K. J., Zanne, A. E., Dalke, I., Garrido, J. L., le Maire, G., McFadden, I. R., Zeleny, D., Zhao, Y. P., Blumenthal, D., Pillar, V. D., Jandt, U., Nieto, J., Zheng, J. M., Zheng, J., Zieminska, K., Zirbel, C. R., Zizka, G., Zo-Bi, I. C., Fang, J. Y., le Roux, P. C., Choat, B., Zotz, G., de Gasper, A. L., Chen, S. C., Dalle Fratte, M., Wirth, C., Jansen, S., Bocanegra-Gonzalez, K. T., Boeckx, P., Bohlman, S., Bohning-Gaese, K., Pisek, J., Hempel, S., Boisvert-Marsh, L., le Roux, E., Niinemets, U., Bond, W., Bond-Lamberty, B., Boom, A., Gea-Izquierdo, G., Boonman, C. C. F., Emilio, T., Beckmann, M., Anh, T. D. L., Bordin, K., McGill, B. J., Boughton, E. H., Maire, V., Boukili, V., Lee, T., Bowman, D. M. J. S., Bravo, S., Brendel, M. R., Hirons, A., Broadley, M. R., Brown, K. A., Anderson, C., Jenkins, T., McPartland, M. Y., Nolan, R., Bruelheide, H., Brumnich, F., Danihelka, J., Lens, F., Pomogaybin, A., Bruun, H. H., Bruy, D., Buchanan, S. W., Bucher, S. F., Buchmann, N., Buitenwerf, R., Ashman, T. L., Medeiros, J. S., Bunker, D. E., Jentsch, A., Flowers, T. J., Gibson, D., Burger, J., Baker, T., Dannoura, M., Dawson, S., de Beer, A. J., Alcazar, C. C., Baastrup-Spohr, L., De Frutos, A., Medlyn, B., Poorter, H., De Long, J. R., Dechant, B., Delagrange, S., Jespersen, J. R. P., Delpierre, N, He, T. H., Gillison, A. N., Derroire, G., Nottebrock, H., Dias, A. S., Moretti, M., Diaz-Toribio, M. H., Meerts, P., Dimitrakopoulos, P. G., Dobrowolski, M., Aleixo, I., Doktor, D., Drevojan, P., Campany, C., Lewis, S. L., Nouvellon, Y., Portsmuth, A., Dong, N., Dransfield, J., Giroldo, A., Mehrabi, Z., Dressler, S., Duarte, L., Ducouret, E., Dullinger, S., Durka, W., Duursma, R., Canullo, R., Novakovskiy, A., Ali, H., Lhotsky, B., Aspinwall, M., Dymova, O., Cervellini, M., Glasenhardt, M. C., Gleason, S., Gliesch, M., Scalon, M. C., Catford, J. A., Goldberg, E., Nystuen, K. O., Goldel, B., Gonzalez-Akre, E., Gonzalez-Andujar, J. L., Li, Y. Z., Anten, N., Kleyer, M., Jiang, G. F., Gonzalez-Melo, A., Poschlod, P., Gonzalez-Robles, A., Graae, B. J., O'Grady, A., Granda, E., Graves, S., Caccianiga, M., Green, W. A., Gregor, T., Estiarte, M., Meir, P., Potvin, C., Gross, N., Guerin, G. R., Johansen, J. L., Battles, J., Gunther, A., Antos, J., Gutierrez, A. G., Haddock, L, Haines, A., Hall, J., Pounds, D., Cadotte, M., Melo, F. P. L., Casanoves, F., Hambuckers, A., Ferrara, C., Johnson, D., Jokela, E. J., Joly, C. A., Engemann, K., Jordan, G. J., Powell, A. S., Joseph, G. S., Junaedi, D., Junker, R. R., Baranger, A., Campetella, G., Makela, A., Li, X. E., Justes, E., Atkin, O., Kabzems, R., Power, S. A., Kane, J., Kaplan, Z., Erfanian, M. B., Kattenborn, T., Kavelenova, L., Hentschel, J., O'Hara, K., Kearsley, E., Kempel, A., Lichstein, J. W., Chung, K. S., Kenzo, T., Campos, J. A., Kerkhoff, A., Khalil, M. I., Aubin, I., Kinlock, N. L., Erfmeier, A., O'Reilly-Nugent, A., Farris, E., Kissling, W. D., Hock, M., Liebergesell, M., Lim, J. Y., Lin, Y. S., Apgaua, D. M. G., Linares, J. C., Liu, C. J., Baker, W. J., Liu, D. J., Chen, A. P., Domingues, T. F., Mori, A. S., Mencuccini, M., Liu, U., Castagneyrol, B., Livingstone, S., Llusia, J., Lohbeck, M., He, P. C., Lopez-Garcia, A., Lopez-Gonzalez, G., Klotz, S., Prinzing, A., Lososova, Z., Louault, F., Meredieu, C., Lukacs, B. A., Fagan, W. F., Bakker, J. P., Lukes, P., Adamson, K., Luo, Y. J., Heberling, J. M., Puglielli, G., Hietz, P., Lussu, M., Messier, J., Meszaros, I., Metsaranta, J., Cano-Arboleda, L., Michaletz, S. T., Michelaki, C., Chacon-Madrigal, E., Migalina, S., Flynn, D. F. B, Herault, B., Oakley, S., Milla, R., Fazlioglu, F., Miller, J. E. D., Barlow, J., Minden, V., Klimesova, J., Ming, R., Mokany, K., Mallik, A., Moles, A. T., Molnar, V. A., Oberhuber, W., Molofsky, J., Heres, A. M., Chapin, K., Molz, M., Burslem, D. F. R. P., Montgomery, R. A., Klipel, J., Komatsu, K., Monty, A., Ohtsuka, T., Oliveira, R., Ollerer, K., Fagundez, J., Olson, M. E., Onipchenko, V., Ferreira, J., Onoda, Y., Knops, J. M. H., Beeckman, H., Bauerle, W., Higuchi, P., Onstein, R. E., Aiba, M., Ordonez, J. C., Makinen, H., Osada, N., Ostonen, I., Ottaviani, G., Otto, S., Pysek, P., Overbeck, G. E., Kohyama, T., Fidelis, A., Ozinga, W. A., Eckstein, R. L., Pahl, A. T., Malhado, A. C. M., Paine, C. E. T., Raevel, V., Rammig, A., Ransijn, J., Herz, K., Ray, C. A., Reich, P. B., Hogan, J. A., Reichstein, M., Manning, P., Chytry, M., Konig, C., Reid, D. E. B., Butterfield, B. J., Rejou-Mechain, M., Mori, S., de Dios, V. R., Beierkuhnlein, C., Ribeiro, S, Richardson, S, Riibak, K., Manzoni, S., Holl, K., Rillig, M. C., Harrison, S. P., Riviera, F., Morris, D., Robert, E. M. R., Kattge, J., Bonisch, G., Diaz, S., Lavorel, S., Prentice, I. C., Leadley, P., Tautenhahn, S., Werner, G. D. A., Aakala, T., Abedi, M., Acosta, A. T. R., Ciccarelli, D., Fontana, V., Roberts, S., Robroek, B., Roddy, A., Marchetti, Z., Rodrigues, A. V., Bekker, R., Honnay, O., Chapin, F. S., Bauters, M., Amiaud, B., Rogers, A., Rollinson, E., Rolo, V., Romermann, C., Ronzhina, D., Amoroso, M. M., Marchino, L., Coll, L., Roscher, C., Cherubini, P., Kloeppel, B., Rosell, J. A., Rosenfield, M. F., Kraft, N. J. B., Hornstein, D., Rossi, C., Roy, D. B., Belfry, G., Royer-Tardif, S., Marcilio-Silva, V., Pakeman, R. J., Ruger, N., Ma, S. Y., Ruiz-Peinado, R., Forey, E., Rumpf, S. B., Collins, C. G., Kramer, K., Rusch, G. M., Hou, E. Q., Ryo, M., Papageorgiou, A. C., Sack, L., Falster, D. S., Ammer, C., Saldana, A., Salgado-Negret, B., Salguero-Gomez, R., Belluau, M., Santa-Regina, I., Forgiarini, C., Bahalkeh, K., Parfionova, E., Santacruz-Garcia, A. C., Santos, J., Asmara, D. H., Morrison, J., Marcon, E., Conti, L., Sardans, J., Schamp, B., Scherer-Lorenzen, M., Schleuning, M., Koike, F., Schmid, B., Schmidt, M., Kreft, H., Schmitt, S., Mucina, L., Francois, L., Marignani, M., Beloiu, M., Ejtehadi, H., Schneider, J. V., Partel, M., Schowanek, S. D., Coomes, D., Schrader, J., Schrodt, F., Schuldt, B., Mueller, S., Kuhn, I., Schurr, F., Kitzberger, T., Garvizu, G. S., Patacca, M., Semchenko, M., Frangipani, M., Hough-Snee, N., Seymour, C., Sfair, J. C., Benavides, R., Muir, C. D., Sharpe, J. M., Albert, C. H., Kumarathunge, D., Finegan, B., Cailleret, M., Sheppard, C. S., Sheremetiev, S., Shiodera, S., Shipley, B., Shovon, T. A., Adamidis, G. C., Muller, S. C., Frank, D., Siebenkas, A., Baldocchi, D., Sierra, C., Silva, V., Markesteijn, L., Kuppler, J., Silva, M., Benomar, L., Cornelissen, J. H. C., Sitzia, T., Baruch, Z., Sjoman, H., Moravcova, L., Slot, M., Hovstad, K. A., Smith, N. G., Frenette-Dussault, C., Martin, A., Sodhi, D., Kurokawa, H., Soltis, P., Soltis, D., Heuertz, M., Camac, J., Somers, B., Sonnier, G., Sorensen, M. V., Cornwell, W. K., Berdugo-Lattke, M. L., Ichie, T., Cavender-Bares, J., Sosinski, E. E., Soudzilovskaia, N. A., Carbognani, M., Paula, S., Munoz, F., Freschet, G. T., Souza, A. F., Spasojevic, M., Sperandii, M. G., Stan, A. B., Stegen, J., Steinbauer, K., Baltzer, J., Stephan, J. G., Paule, J., Igic, B., Myers-Smith, I. H., Corona, P., Hattingh, W., Sterck, F., Berenguer, E., Fry, E. L., Stojanovic, D. B., Strydom, T., Suarez, M. L., Pauli, H., Martinez-Garza, C., Svenning, J. C., Pereira, C. M. R., Svitkova, I., Svitok, M., Illa, E., Kurosawa, Y., Svoboda, M., Swaine, E., Coyea, M., Pausas, J. G., Swenson, N., Byun, C., Martinez-Vilalta, J., Esquivel-Muelbert, A., Tabarelli, M., Bergamin, R., Takagi, K., Tappeiner, U., Tarifa, R., Burrascano, S., Peco, B., Isaac, M., Tauugourdeau, S., Tavsanoglu, C., te Beest, M., Myster, R. W., Maskova, T., Tedersoo, L., Craine, J., Fyllas, N. M., Thiffault, N., Chianucci, F., Thom, D., Thomas, E., Kuyah, S., Bergmann, J., Ishihara, M., Nagano, M., Thompson, K., Mason, K., Thornton, P. E., Thuiller, W., Kollmann, J., Tichy, L., Tissue, D., Tjoelker, M. G., Mazzochini, G. G., Craven, D., Laclau, J. P., Feng, Y. H., Tng, D. Y. P., Tobias, J., Fan, Y., Bazzato, E., Ivanov, L., Torok, P., Tarin, T., Carlucci, M. B., Torres-Ruiz, J. M., Tothmeresz, B., Treurnicht, M., Chelli, S., Trivellone, V., Lafleur, B., Penuelas, J., Anand, M., Kjoller, R., Trolliet, F., Cromsigt, J. P. G. M., Ivanova, L., Trotsiuk, V., Tsakalos, J. L., Tsiripidis, I., Naidu, S., Tysklind, N., Barneche, D. R., Umehara, T., Berner, L., Lallai, E., Mason, N., Usoltsev, V. A., Vadeboncoeur, M., Gachet, S., Vaezi, J., Elser, J., Narayanan, A., Helm, A., Valladares, F., Csecserits, A., Vamosi, J., van Bodegom, P. M., van Breugel, M., E-Vojtko, A., Bahn, M., Van Cleemput, E., van de Weg, M., van der Merwe, S., Perea, A., Natesan, B., Bernhardt-Romermann, M., Gallagher, R., Iversen, C. M., van der Plas, F., van der Sande, M. T., van Kleunen, M., Massad, T. J., Cufar, K., Lamb, E., Peri, P. L., Van Meerbeek, K., Negoita, L., Vanderwel, M., Vanselow, K. A., Varhammar, A., Varone, L., Valderrama, M. Y., Asner, G. P., Ganade, G., Masse, J., Hipp, A. L., Vassilev, K., Bigler, C., Hickler, T., Lamprecht, A., Vellend, M., Veneklaas, E. J., Cuntz, M., Verbeeck, H., Verheyen, K., Vibrans, A., Firn, J., Vieira, I., Mayrose, I., Camarero, J. J., Mack, M., Villacis, J., Ganga, F., Larkin, D. J., Violle, C., Vivek, P., Wagner, K., Petisco-Souza, A. C., Bjorkman, A. D., Waldram, M., Alcantara, J. M., McCarthy, J., Nelson, A. S., Waldron, A., Walker, A. P., Izquierdo, J., Waller, M., Hawes, J. E., Petraglia, A., Walther, G., Garcia-Palacios, P., Wang, H., Wang, F., Wang, W. Q., Han, W. X., Cerabolini, B. E. L., Watkins, H., Watkins, J., Blackman, C., Petritan, A. M., da Silva, A. C., Jackson, R. B., Laughlin, D., Weber, U., Weedon, J. T., Wei, L. P., Neuschulz, E. L., Gargaglione, V., McCormack, M. L., Weigelt, P., Phillips, O. L., Weiher, E., Wells, A. W., Wellstein, C., Wenk, E., Westoby, M., Carvalho, F., Jackson, B., Bastianelli, D., Westwood, A., Dahlin, K. M., Komac, B., Banerjee, A., Blanco, C., White, P. J., Garnier, E., Whitten, M., Williams, M., Winkler, D. E., Winter, K., Ni, J., Esser, G., Moreno-Martinez, A., Womack, C., Jactel, H., McCulloh, K., Wright, I. J., Wright, S. J., Wright, J., Dainese, M., Pinho, B. X., Marques, M., Niedrist, G., Pierce, S., Blonder, B., Ximenes, F., Le Bagousse-Pinguet, Y., Yamada, T., Klein, T., Yamaji, K., Jagodzinski, A. M., Yanai, R., Yankov, N., Yguel, B., Kitajima, K, Fernandez-Mendez, F., Zanini, K. J., Zanne, A. E., Dalke, I., Garrido, J. L., le Maire, G., McFadden, I. R., Zeleny, D., Zhao, Y. P., Blumenthal, D., Pillar, V. D., Jandt, U., Nieto, J., Zheng, J. M., Zheng, J., Zieminska, K., Zirbel, C. R., Zizka, G., Zo-Bi, I. C., Fang, J. Y., le Roux, P. C., Choat, B., Zotz, G., de Gasper, A. L., Chen, S. C., Dalle Fratte, M., Wirth, C., Jansen, S., Bocanegra-Gonzalez, K. T., Boeckx, P., Bohlman, S., Bohning-Gaese, K., Pisek, J., Hempel, S., Boisvert-Marsh, L., le Roux, E., Niinemets, U., Bond, W., Bond-Lamberty, B., Boom, A., Gea-Izquierdo, G., Boonman, C. C. F., Emilio, T., Beckmann, M., Anh, T. D. L., Bordin, K., McGill, B. J., Boughton, E. H., Maire, V., Boukili, V., Lee, T., Bowman, D. M. J. S., Bravo, S., Brendel, M. R., Hirons, A., Broadley, M. R., Brown, K. A., Anderson, C., Jenkins, T., McPartland, M. Y., Nolan, R., Bruelheide, H., Brumnich, F., Danihelka, J., Lens, F., Pomogaybin, A., Bruun, H. H., Bruy, D., Buchanan, S. W., Bucher, S. F., Buchmann, N., Buitenwerf, R., Ashman, T. L., Medeiros, J. S., Bunker, D. E., Jentsch, A., Flowers, T. J., Gibson, D., Burger, J., Baker, T., Dannoura, M., Dawson, S., de Beer, A. J., Alcazar, C. C., Baastrup-Spohr, L., De Frutos, A., Medlyn, B., Poorter, H., De Long, J. R., Dechant, B., Delagrange, S., Jespersen, J. R. P., Delpierre, N, He, T. H., Gillison, A. N., Derroire, G., Nottebrock, H., Dias, A. S., Moretti, M., Diaz-Toribio, M. H., Meerts, P., Dimitrakopoulos, P. G., Dobrowolski, M., Aleixo, I., Doktor, D., Drevojan, P., Campany, C., Lewis, S. L., Nouvellon, Y., Portsmuth, A., Dong, N., Dransfield, J., Giroldo, A., Mehrabi, Z., Dressler, S., Duarte, L., Ducouret, E., Dullinger, S., Durka, W., Duursma, R., Canullo, R., Novakovskiy, A., Ali, H., Lhotsky, B., Aspinwall, M., Dymova, O., Cervellini, M., Glasenhardt, M. C., Gleason, S., Gliesch, M., Scalon, M. C., Catford, J. A., Goldberg, E., Nystuen, K. O., Goldel, B., Gonzalez-Akre, E., Gonzalez-Andujar, J. L., Li, Y. Z., Anten, N., Kleyer, M., Jiang, G. F., Gonzalez-Melo, A., Poschlod, P., Gonzalez-Robles, A., Graae, B. J., O'Grady, A., Granda, E., Graves, S., Caccianiga, M., Green, W. A., Gregor, T., Estiarte, M., Meir, P., Potvin, C., Gross, N., Guerin, G. R., Johansen, J. L., Battles, J., Gunther, A., Antos, J., Gutierrez, A. G., Haddock, L, Haines, A., Hall, J., Pounds, D., Cadotte, M., Melo, F. P. L., Casanoves, F., Hambuckers, A., Ferrara, C., Johnson, D., Jokela, E. J., Joly, C. A., Engemann, K., Jordan, G. J., Powell, A. S., Joseph, G. S., Junaedi, D., Junker, R. R., Baranger, A., Campetella, G., Makela, A., Li, X. E., Justes, E., Atkin, O., Kabzems, R., Power, S. A., Kane, J., Kaplan, Z., Erfanian, M. B., Kattenborn, T., Kavelenova, L., Hentschel, J., O'Hara, K., Kearsley, E., Kempel, A., Lichstein, J. W., Chung, K. S., Kenzo, T., Campos, J. A., Kerkhoff, A., Khalil, M. I., Aubin, I., Kinlock, N. L., Erfmeier, A., O'Reilly-Nugent, A., Farris, E., Kissling, W. D., Hock, M., Liebergesell, M., Lim, J. Y., Lin, Y. S., Apgaua, D. M. G., Linares, J. C., Liu, C. J., Baker, W. J., Liu, D. J., Chen, A. P., Domingues, T. F., Mori, A. S., Mencuccini, M., Liu, U., Castagneyrol, B., Livingstone, S., Llusia, J., Lohbeck, M., He, P. C., Lopez-Garcia, A., Lopez-Gonzalez, G., Klotz, S., Prinzing, A., Lososova, Z., Louault, F., Meredieu, C., Lukacs, B. A., Fagan, W. F., Bakker, J. P., Lukes, P., Adamson, K., Luo, Y. J., Heberling, J. M., Puglielli, G., Hietz, P., Lussu, M., Messier, J., Meszaros, I., Metsaranta, J., Cano-Arboleda, L., Michaletz, S. T., Michelaki, C., Chacon-Madrigal, E., Migalina, S., Flynn, D. F. B, Herault, B., Oakley, S., Milla, R., Fazlioglu, F., Miller, J. E. D., Barlow, J., Minden, V., Klimesova, J., Ming, R., Mokany, K., Mallik, A., Moles, A. T., Molnar, V. A., Oberhuber, W., Molofsky, J., Heres, A. M., Chapin, K., Molz, M., Burslem, D. F. R. P., Montgomery, R. A., Klipel, J., Komatsu, K., Monty, A., Ohtsuka, T., Oliveira, R., Ollerer, K., Fagundez, J., Olson, M. E., Onipchenko, V., Ferreira, J., Onoda, Y., Knops, J. M. H., Beeckman, H., Bauerle, W., Higuchi, P., Onstein, R. E., Aiba, M., Ordonez, J. C., Makinen, H., Osada, N., Ostonen, I., Ottaviani, G., Otto, S., Pysek, P., Overbeck, G. E., Kohyama, T., Fidelis, A., Ozinga, W. A., Eckstein, R. L., Pahl, A. T., Malhado, A. C. M., Paine, C. E. T., Raevel, V., Rammig, A., Ransijn, J., Herz, K., Ray, C. A., Reich, P. B., Hogan, J. A., Reichstein, M., Manning, P., Chytry, M., Konig, C., Reid, D. E. B., Butterfield, B. J., Rejou-Mechain, M., Mori, S., de Dios, V. R., Beierkuhnlein, C., Ribeiro, S, Richardson, S, Riibak, K., Manzoni, S., Holl, K., Rillig, M. C., Harrison, S. P., Riviera, F., Morris, D., and Robert, E. M. R.

Abstract

Plant traits-the morphological, anatomical, physiological, biochemical and phenological characteristics of plants-determine how plants respond to environmental factors, affect other trophic levels, and influence ecosystem properties and their benefits and detriments to people. Plant trait data thus represent the basis for a vast area of research spanning from evolutionary biology, community and functional ecology, to biodiversity conservation, ecosystem and landscape management, restoration, biogeography and earth system modelling. Since its foundation in 2007, the TRY database of plant traits has grown continuously. It now provides unprecedented data coverage under an open access data policy and is the main plant trait database used by the research community worldwide. Increasingly, the TRY database also supports new frontiers of trait-based plant research, including the identification of data gaps and the subsequent mobilization or measurement of new data. To support this development, in this article we evaluate the extent of the trait data compiled in TRY and analyse emerging patterns of data coverage and representativeness. Best species coverage is achieved for categorical traits-almost complete coverage for 'plant growth form'. However, most traits relevant for ecology and vegetation modelling are characterized by continuous intraspecific variation and trait-environmental relationships. These traits have to be measured on individual plants in their respective environment. Despite unprecedented data coverage, we observe a humbling lack of completeness and representativeness of these continuous traits in many aspects. We, therefore, conclude that reducing data gaps and biases in the TRY database remains a key challenge and requires a coordinated approach to data mobilization and trait measurements. This can only be achieved in collaboration with other initiatives.

Published
2020

3. Traits linked with species invasiveness and community invasibility vary with time, stage and indicator of invasion in a long-term grassland experiment

Author

Catford, J.A., Smith, A.L., Wragg, P.D., Clark, Adam Thomas, Kosmala, M., Cavender-Bares, J., Reich, P.B., Tilman, D., Catford, J.A., Smith, A.L., Wragg, P.D., Clark, Adam Thomas, Kosmala, M., Cavender-Bares, J., Reich, P.B., and Tilman, D.

Abstract

Much uncertainty remains about traits linked with successful invasion – the establishment and spread of non‐resident species into existing communities. Using a 20‐year experiment, where 50 non‐resident (but mostly native) grassland plant species were sown into savannah plots, we ask how traits linked with invasion depend on invasion stage (establishment, spread), indicator of invasion success (occupancy, relative abundance), time, environmental conditions, propagule rain, and traits of invaders and invaded communities. Trait data for 164 taxa showed that invader occupancy was primarily associated with traits of invaders, traits of recipient communities, and invader‐community interactions. Invader abundance was more strongly associated with community traits (e.g. proportion legume) and trait differences between invaders and the most similar resident species. Annuals and invaders with high‐specific leaf area were only successful early in stand development, whereas invaders with conservative carbon capture strategies persisted long‐term. Our results indicate that invasion is context‐dependent and long‐term experiments are required to comprehensively understand invasions.

Published
2019

4. Predicting habitat affinities of plant species using commonly measured functional traits

Author

Shipley, B., Belluau, M., Kühn, Ingolf, Soudzilovskaia, N.A., Bahn, M., Penuelas, J., Kattge, J., Sack, L., Cavender-Bares, J., Ozinga, W.A., Blonder, B., van Bodegom, P.M., Manning, P., Hickler, T., Sosinski, E., Pillar, V.D., Onipchenko, V.G., Poschlod, P., Shipley, B., Belluau, M., Kühn, Ingolf, Soudzilovskaia, N.A., Bahn, M., Penuelas, J., Kattge, J., Sack, L., Cavender-Bares, J., Ozinga, W.A., Blonder, B., van Bodegom, P.M., Manning, P., Hickler, T., Sosinski, E., Pillar, V.D., Onipchenko, V.G., and Poschlod, P.

Abstract

QuestionsHeinz Ellenberg classically defined “indicator” scores for species representing their typical positions along gradients of key environmental variables, and these have proven very useful for designating ecological distributions. We tested a key tenent of trait-based ecology, i.e. the ability to predict ecological preferences from species’ traits. More specifically, can we predict Ellenberg indicator scores for soil nutrients, soil moisture and irradiance from four well-studied traits: leaf area, leaf dry matter content, specific leaf area (SLA) and seed mass? Can we use such relationships to estimate Ellenberg scores for species never classified by Ellenberg?LocationGlobal.MethodsCumulative link models were developed to predict Ellenberg nutrients, irradiance and moisture values from Ln-transformed trait values using 922, 981 and 988 species, respectively. We then independently tested these prediction equations using the trait values of 423 and 421 new species that occurred elsewere in Europe, North America and Morocco, and whose habitat affinities we could classify from independent sources as three-level ordinal ranks related to soil moisture and irradiance. The traits were SLA, leaf dry matter content, leaf area and seed mass.ResultsThe four functional traits predicted the Ellenberg indicator scores of site fertility, light and moisture with average error rates of <2 Ellenberg ranks out of nine. We then used the trait values of 423 and 421 species, respectively, that occurred (mostly) outside of Germany but whose habitat affinities we could classify as three-level ordinal ranks related to soil moisture and irradiance. The predicted positions of the new species, given the equations derived from the Ellenberg indices, agreed well with their independent habitat classifications, although our equation for Ellenberg irrandiance levels performed poorly on the lower ranks.ConclusionsThese prediction equations, and their eventual extensions, could b

Published
2017

6. TRY - a global database of plant traits

Author

Kattge, J., Díaz, S., Lavorel, S., Prentice, I.C., Leadley, P., Bönisch, G., Garnier, E., Westoby, M., Reich, P.B., Wright, I.J., Cornelissen, J.H.C., Violle, C., Harrison, S.P., Bodegom, P.M.V., Reichstein, M., Enquist, B.J., Soudzilovskaia, N.A., Ackerly, D.D., Anand, M., Atkin, O., Bahn, M., Baker, T.R., Baldocchi, D., Bekker, R., Blanco, C.C., Blonder, B., Bond, W.J., Bradstock, R., Bunker, D.E., Casanoves, F., Cavender-Bares, J., Chambers, J.Q., Chapin, F.S., Chave, J., Coomes, D., Cornwell, W.K., Craine, J.M., Dobrin, B.H., Duarte, L., Durka, Walter, Elser, J., Esser, G., Estiarte, M., Fagan, W.F., Fang, J., Fernández-Méndez, F., Fidelis, A., Finegan, B., Flores, O., Ford, H., Frank, D., Freschet, G.T., Fyllas, N.M., Gallagher, R.V., Green, W.A., Gutiérrez, Alvaro, Hickler, T., Higgins, S.I., Hodgson, J.G., Jalili, A., Jansen, S., Joly, C., Kerkhoff, A.J., Kirkup, D., Kitajima, K., Kleyer, M., Klotz, Stefan, Knops, J.M.H., Kramer, K., Kühn, Ingolf, Kurokawa, H., Laughlin, D., Lee, T.D., Leishman, M., Lens, F., Lenz, T., Lewis, S.L., Lloyd, J., Llusià, J., Louault, F., Ma, S., Mahecha, M.D., Manning, P., Massad, T., Medlyn, B., Messier, J., Moles, A.T., Müller, S.C., Nadrowski, K., Naeem, S., Niinemets, Ü., Nöllert, S., Nüske, A., Ogaya, R., Oleksyn, J., Onipchenko, V.G., Onoda, Y., Ordoñez, J., Overbeck, G., Wirth, C., Kattge, J., Díaz, S., Lavorel, S., Prentice, I.C., Leadley, P., Bönisch, G., Garnier, E., Westoby, M., Reich, P.B., Wright, I.J., Cornelissen, J.H.C., Violle, C., Harrison, S.P., Bodegom, P.M.V., Reichstein, M., Enquist, B.J., Soudzilovskaia, N.A., Ackerly, D.D., Anand, M., Atkin, O., Bahn, M., Baker, T.R., Baldocchi, D., Bekker, R., Blanco, C.C., Blonder, B., Bond, W.J., Bradstock, R., Bunker, D.E., Casanoves, F., Cavender-Bares, J., Chambers, J.Q., Chapin, F.S., Chave, J., Coomes, D., Cornwell, W.K., Craine, J.M., Dobrin, B.H., Duarte, L., Durka, Walter, Elser, J., Esser, G., Estiarte, M., Fagan, W.F., Fang, J., Fernández-Méndez, F., Fidelis, A., Finegan, B., Flores, O., Ford, H., Frank, D., Freschet, G.T., Fyllas, N.M., Gallagher, R.V., Green, W.A., Gutiérrez, Alvaro, Hickler, T., Higgins, S.I., Hodgson, J.G., Jalili, A., Jansen, S., Joly, C., Kerkhoff, A.J., Kirkup, D., Kitajima, K., Kleyer, M., Klotz, Stefan, Knops, J.M.H., Kramer, K., Kühn, Ingolf, Kurokawa, H., Laughlin, D., Lee, T.D., Leishman, M., Lens, F., Lenz, T., Lewis, S.L., Lloyd, J., Llusià, J., Louault, F., Ma, S., Mahecha, M.D., Manning, P., Massad, T., Medlyn, B., Messier, J., Moles, A.T., Müller, S.C., Nadrowski, K., Naeem, S., Niinemets, Ü., Nöllert, S., Nüske, A., Ogaya, R., Oleksyn, J., Onipchenko, V.G., Onoda, Y., Ordoñez, J., Overbeck, G., and Wirth, C.

Abstract

Plant traits – the morphological, anatomical, physiological, biochemical, and phenological characteristics of plants and their organs – determine how primary producers respond to environmental factors, affect other trophic levels, influence ecosystem processes and services, and provide a link from species richness to ecosystem functional diversity. Trait data thus represent the raw material for a wide range of research from evolutionary biology, community and functional ecology to biogeography. Here we present the global database initiative named TRY, which has united a wide range of the plant trait research community worldwide and gained an unprecedented buy-in of trait data: so far 93 trait databases have been contributed. The data repository currently contains almost three million trait entries for 69 000 out of the world's 3 00 000 plant species, with a focus on 52 groups of traits characterising the vegetative and regeneration stages of the plant life cycle, including growth, dispersal, establishment and persistence. A first data analysis shows that most plant traits are approximately log-normally distributed, with widely differing ranges of variation across traits. Most trait variation is between species (interspecific), but significant intraspecific variation is also documented, up to 40% of the overall variation. Plant functional types (PFTs), as commonly used in vegetation models, capture a substantial fraction of the observed variation - but for several traits most variation occurs within PFTs, up to 75% of the overall variation. In the context of vegetation models these traits would better be represented by state variables rather than fixed parameter values. The improved availability of plant trait data in the unified global database is expected to support a paradigm shift from species to trait- based ecology, offer new opportunities for synthetic plant trait research and enable a more realistic and empirically grounded representation

Published
2011

7. TRY – a global database of plant traits

Author

KATTGE, J., primary, DÍAZ, S., additional, LAVOREL, S., additional, PRENTICE, I. C., additional, LEADLEY, P., additional, BÖNISCH, G., additional, GARNIER, E., additional, WESTOBY, M., additional, REICH, P. B., additional, WRIGHT, I. J., additional, CORNELISSEN, J. H. C., additional, VIOLLE, C., additional, HARRISON, S. P., additional, Van BODEGOM, P. M., additional, REICHSTEIN, M., additional, ENQUIST, B. J., additional, SOUDZILOVSKAIA, N. A., additional, ACKERLY, D. D., additional, ANAND, M., additional, ATKIN, O., additional, BAHN, M., additional, BAKER, T. R., additional, BALDOCCHI, D., additional, BEKKER, R., additional, BLANCO, C. C., additional, BLONDER, B., additional, BOND, W. J., additional, BRADSTOCK, R., additional, BUNKER, D. E., additional, CASANOVES, F., additional, CAVENDER‐BARES, J., additional, CHAMBERS, J. Q., additional, CHAPIN III, F. S., additional, CHAVE, J., additional, COOMES, D., additional, CORNWELL, W. K., additional, CRAINE, J. M., additional, DOBRIN, B. H., additional, DUARTE, L., additional, DURKA, W., additional, ELSER, J., additional, ESSER, G., additional, ESTIARTE, M., additional, FAGAN, W. F., additional, FANG, J., additional, FERNÁNDEZ‐MÉNDEZ, F., additional, FIDELIS, A., additional, FINEGAN, B., additional, FLORES, O., additional, FORD, H., additional, FRANK, D., additional, FRESCHET, G. T., additional, FYLLAS, N. M., additional, GALLAGHER, R. V., additional, GREEN, W. A., additional, GUTIERREZ, A. G., additional, HICKLER, T., additional, HIGGINS, S. I., additional, HODGSON, J. G., additional, JALILI, A., additional, JANSEN, S., additional, JOLY, C. A., additional, KERKHOFF, A. J., additional, KIRKUP, D., additional, KITAJIMA, K., additional, KLEYER, M., additional, KLOTZ, S., additional, KNOPS, J. M. H., additional, KRAMER, K., additional, KÜHN, I., additional, KUROKAWA, H., additional, LAUGHLIN, D., additional, LEE, T. D., additional, LEISHMAN, M., additional, LENS, F., additional, LENZ, T., additional, LEWIS, S. L., additional, LLOYD, J., additional, LLUSIÀ, J., additional, LOUAULT, F., additional, MA, S., additional, MAHECHA, M. D., additional, MANNING, P., additional, MASSAD, T., additional, MEDLYN, B. E., additional, MESSIER, J., additional, MOLES, A. T., additional, MÜLLER, S. C., additional, NADROWSKI, K., additional, NAEEM, S., additional, NIINEMETS, Ü., additional, NÖLLERT, S., additional, NÜSKE, A., additional, OGAYA, R., additional, OLEKSYN, J., additional, ONIPCHENKO, V. G., additional, ONODA, Y., additional, ORDOÑEZ, J., additional, OVERBECK, G., additional, OZINGA, W. A., additional, PATIÑO, S., additional, PAULA, S., additional, PAUSAS, J. G., additional, PEÑUELAS, J., additional, PHILLIPS, O. L., additional, PILLAR, V., additional, POORTER, H., additional, POORTER, L., additional, POSCHLOD, P., additional, PRINZING, A., additional, PROULX, R., additional, RAMMIG, A., additional, REINSCH, S., additional, REU, B., additional, SACK, L., additional, SALGADO‐NEGRET, B., additional, SARDANS, J., additional, SHIODERA, S., additional, SHIPLEY, B., additional, SIEFERT, A., additional, SOSINSKI, E., additional, SOUSSANA, J.‐F., additional, SWAINE, E., additional, SWENSON, N., additional, THOMPSON, K., additional, THORNTON, P., additional, WALDRAM, M., additional, WEIHER, E., additional, WHITE, M., additional, WHITE, S., additional, WRIGHT, S. J., additional, YGUEL, B., additional, ZAEHLE, S., additional, ZANNE, A. E., additional, and WIRTH, C., additional

Published
2011
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12. The role of diversification in community assembly of the oaks (Quercus L.) across the continental U.S.

Author

Cavender-Bares J, Kothari S, Meireles JE, Kaproth MA, Manos PS, and Hipp AL

Subjects
Adaptation, Biological, North America, Plant Leaves, Species Specificity, United States, Biodiversity, Biological Evolution, Ecology, Ecosystem, Phenotype, Phylogeny, Quercus genetics
Abstract

Premise of the Study: Evolutionary and biogeographic history, including past environmental change and diversification processes, are likely to have influenced the expansion, migration, and extinction of populations, creating evolutionary legacy effects that influence regional species pools and the composition of communities. We consider the consequences of the diversification process in shaping trait evolution and assembly of oak-dominated communities throughout the continental United States (U.S.)., Methods: Within the U.S. oaks, we tested for phylogenetic and functional trait patterns at different spatial scales, taking advantage of a dated phylogenomic analysis of American oaks and the U.S. Forest Service (USFS) Forest Inventory and Analysis (FIA)., Key Results: We find (1) phylogenetic overdispersion at small grain sizes throughout the U.S. across all spatial extents and (2) a shift from overdispersion to clustering with increasing grain sizes. Leaf traits have evolved in a convergent manner, and these traits are clustered in communities at all spatial scales, except in the far west, where species with contrasting leaf types co-occur., Conclusions: Our results support the hypotheses that (1) interspecific interactions were important in parallel adaptive radiation of the genus into a range of habitats across the continent and (2) that the diversification process is a critical driver of community assembly. Functional convergence of complementary species from distinct clades adapted to the same local habitats is a likely mechanism that allows distantly related species to coexist. Our findings contribute to an explanation of the long-term maintenance of high oak diversity and the dominance of the oak genus in North America., (© 2018 Botanical Society of America.)

Published
2018
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13. Genetic, morphological, and spectral characterization of relictual Niobrara River hybrid aspens ( Populus × smithii ).

Author

Deacon NJ, Grossman JJ, Schweiger AK, Armour I, and Cavender-Bares J

Subjects
Demography, Genotype, Microsatellite Repeats, Nebraska, Genetic Variation, Hybridization, Genetic, Populus anatomy & histology, Populus genetics
Abstract

Premise of the Study: Aspen groves along the Niobrara River in Nebraska have long been a biogeographic curiosity due to morphological differences from nearby remnant Populus tremuloides populations. Pleistocene hybridization between P. tremuloides and P. grandidentata has been proposed, but the nearest P. grandidentata populations are currently several hundred kilometers east. We tested the hybrid-origin hypothesis using genetic data and characterized putative hybrids phenotypically., Methods: We compared nuclear microsatellite loci and chloroplast sequences of Niobrara River aspens to their putative parental species. Parental species and putative hybrids were also grown in a common garden for phenotypic comparison. On the common garden plants, we measured leaf morphological traits and leaf-level spectral reflectance profiles, from which chemical traits were derived., Key Results: The genetic composition of the three unique Niobrara aspen genotypes is consistent with the hybridization hypothesis and with maternal chloroplast inheritance from P. grandidentata . Leaf margin dentition and abaxial pubescence differentiated taxa, with the hybrids showing intermediate values. Spectral profiles allowed statistical separation of taxa in short-wave infrared wavelengths, with hybrids showing intermediate values, indicating that traits associated with internal structure of leaves and water absorption may vary among taxa. However, reflectance values in the visible region did not differentiate taxa, indicating that traits related to pigments are not differentiated., Conclusions: Both genetic and phenotypic results support the hypothesis of a hybrid origin for these genetically unique aspens. However, low genetic diversity and ongoing ecological and climatic threats to the hybrid taxon present a challenge for conservation of these relictual boreal communities., (© 2017 Botanical Society of America.)

Published
2017
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15. Seed production timing influences seedling fitness in the tropical live oak Quercus oleoides of Costa Rican dry forests.

Author

Center A, Etterson JR, Deacon NJ, and Cavender-Bares J

Subjects
Costa Rica, Quercus growth & development, Reproduction, Seasons, Seedlings growth & development, Tropical Climate, Genetic Fitness, Quercus physiology, Seeds physiology
Abstract

Premise of the Study: Reproductive phenology is important for tree species that occur in seasonally dry environments, particularly for those with desiccation-sensitive, nondormant seeds. In this study, we compared germination, growth, and survival of seeds of the evergreen tropical live oak Quercus oleoides produced at different times during the wet season at two sites that differ in rainfall along an elevation gradient. Our goal was to determine the effects of reproductive timing on germination and juvenile fitness for this widespread species in seasonally dry forests of northwestern Costa Rica., Methods: We collected seeds early and late in a single wet season from two populations with contrasting rainfall and reciprocally planted them into common gardens. Two watering treatments (ambient and supplemental watering) were established at the drier low-elevation garden. Seeds were exposed to ambient rainfall at the wetter high-elevation garden. We conducted selection analyses using aster models to examine variation in selection on seed size and timing of germination., Key Results: Trees of Q. oleoides had higher fitness when seeds were produced, dispersed and germinated late in the wet season. Postgermination, water limitation during the dry season reduced seedling fitness by decreasing survival but not growth., Conclusions: In contrast to studies in temperate climates where earlier germination is typically favored, we show that selection on days to germination is temporally and spatially heterogeneous. Selection was found to favor either rapid or delayed germination depending on seed cohort and habitat., (© 2016 Botanical Society of America.)

Published
2016
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16. Molecular, morphological, and ecological niche differentiation of sympatric sister oak species, Quercus virginiana and Q. geminata (Fagaceae).

Author

Cavender-Bares J and Pahlich A

Abstract

The genus Quercus (the oaks) is notorious for interspecific hybrization, generating questions about the mechanisms that permit coexistence of closely related species. Two sister oak species, Quercus virginiana and Q. geminata, occur in sympatry in Florida and throughout the southeastern United States. In 11 sites from northern and southeastern regions of Florida, we used a leaf-based morphological index to identify individuals to species. Eleven nuclear microsatellite markers significantly differentiated between the species with a high correspondence between molecular and morphological typing of specimens. Nevertheless, Bayesian clustering analysis indicates interspecific gene flow, and six of 109 individuals had mixed ancestry. The identity of several individuals also was mismatched using molecular markers and morphological characters. In a common environment, the two species performed differently in terms of photosynthetic performance and growth, corresponding to their divergent ecological niches with respect to soil moisture and other edaphic properties. Our data support earlier hypotheses that divergence in flowering time causes assortative mating, allowing these ecologically distinct sister species to occur in sympatry. Limited gene flow that permits ecological differentiation helps to explain the overdispersion of oak species in local communities.

Published
2009
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17. Consequences of incongruency in diurnally varying resources for seedlings of Rumex crispus (Polygonaceae).

Author

Cavender-Bares JM, Voss PB, and Bazzaz FA

Abstract

The incongruency of diurnally varying resources essential to plants may detrimentally affect plants early in their development as indicated by reduced water use efficiency and carbon gain. Typical diurnal patterns of light and CO(2) availability in a midsized temperate herbaceous or forest gap were simulated in specially designed growth chambers. A sinusoidally varying CO(2) treatment (400 ppm minimum, 800 ppm maximum) approximated the diurnal cycle of CO(2) at the soil surface, while a steady-state CO(2) treatment (600 ppm) with the same average CO(2 )concentration provided a control. Crossed with these two CO(2) treatments were two light regimes, one with 3 h of high light (850 μmol·m·s) in the morning (west side of a gap), and the other with 3 h of high light in the afternoon (east side). All treatments received baseline low light (55 μmol·m·s) for 14 h during the day. Rumex crispus was selected as a model species because of its rosette leaves, which grow close to the ground where diurnal CO(2 )variation is greatest. The relative timing of diurnal variations in light and CO(2) significantly affected seedling water use efficiency, carbon gain, and morphology. Total biomass, photosynthetic rates, daily integrated carbon, water use efficiency, and leaf area were enhanced by morning exposure to high light. Seedlings that were exposed to peak values of light and CO(2) incongruently, i.e., those plants receiving intense afternoon light with diurnally varying CO(2), were detrimentally affected relative to control plants receiving intense afternoon light with steady-state CO(2). The results of this experiment indicate that the incongruent availability of required resources-such as light and CO(2)-can detrimentally affect performance relative to when resources are congruent. These contrasting resource regimes can occur on the east and west side of gaps.

Published
1998

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