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Based on analytic techniques that collapse data into a single average value, it has been reported that women lack category specificity and show genital sexual arousal to a large range of sexual stimuli including those that both match and do not match their self-reported sexual interests. These findings may be a methodological artifact of the way in which data are analyzed. This study examined whether using an analytic technique that models data over time would yield different results. Across two studies, heterosexual (N = 19) and lesbian (N = 14) women viewed erotic films featuring heterosexual, lesbian, and gay male couples, respectively, as their physiological sexual arousal was assessed with vaginal photoplethysmography. Data analysis with traditional methods comparing average genital arousal between films failed to detect specificity of genital arousal for either group. When data were analyzed with smoothing regression splines and a within-subjects approach, both heterosexual and lesbian women demonstrated different patterns of genital sexual arousal to the different types of erotic films, suggesting that sophisticated statistical techniques may be necessary to more fully understand women's genital sexual arousal response. Heterosexual women showed category-specific genital sexual arousal. Lesbian women showed higher arousal to the heterosexual film than the other films. However, within subjects, lesbian women showed significantly different arousal responses suggesting that lesbian women's genital arousal discriminates between different categories of stimuli at the individual level. Implications for the future use of vaginal photoplethysmography as a diagnostic tool of sexual preferences in clinical and forensic settings are discussed.

Self-report instruments for assessing sexual well-being in women with sexual difficulties have not to date been explicitly validated among women with a history of childhood sexual abuse (CSA). Given an extensive literature suggesting psychological differences between women with and without a history of CSA, it is possible that sexual well-being has a different meaning for these groups. Without validated scales, it is difficult to evaluate the impact of early sexual trauma on adult sexuality. The present study assessed whether the factor structure of widely used measures of sexual well-being were consistent across women experiencing sexual difficulties, with and without an abuse history, and to estimate effect sizes for the statistical effect of CSA on sexual well-being in this population. A sample of women with and without a history of CSA (N = 238) completed the Female Sexual Function Index and the Sexual Satisfaction Scale for Women. Structural equation models indicated generally consistent factor structures across groups, suggesting good construct validity. Effect size estimates indicated medium to large (0.53–0.72) effects of CSA on sexual well-being for women with sexual difficulties. These findings support and extend research regarding the potential effects of CSA that may inform treatment for this population. Traditional and Simplified Chinese Abstracts by AsianSTSS 標題：有性困難婦女中童年性虐待和成人性體驗的關係 撮要：有童年被性虐歷史(CSA)的婦女中，使用自我評估性愉悅量度工具(在性困難婦女中使用的)未曾驗證。眾多文獻指出有和沒有CSA歷史的婦女中存在心理差異，但性愉悅在這些組別中可能有不一樣的意義。我們很難在沒有已驗證量表的情況下評核早期性侵害對成人性慾方面的影響。本文旨在對有性困難(有或沒有虐待歷史者)婦女評估一些廣泛使用的性愉悅量度工具的分子結構是否一致，亦估算在這些婦女的性愉悅中CSA歷史統計效果的有效值。樣本是一羣有或沒有CSA歷史的婦女(N = 238), 她們完成了女性性功能指數和婦女性滿足量表的測試。結構方程式模型顯示羣組中有大體上一致的分子結構，暗示了良好的結構效度。有效值估量顯示CSA對性困難婦女性愉悅有中度至高度(.53至.72) 影響。結論支持及擴展CSA可能效果研究，或能對此婦女羣提供可行的治療方案。 标题：有性困难妇女中童年性虐待和成人性体验的关系 撮要：有童年被性虐历史(CSA)的妇女中，使用自我评估性愉悦量度工具(在性困难妇女中使用的)未曾验证。众多文献指出有和没有CSA历史的妇女中存在心理差异，但性愉悦在这些组别中可能有不一样的意义。我们很难在没有已验证量表的情况下评核早期性侵害对成人性欲方面的影响。本文旨在对有性困难(有或没有虐待历史者)妇女评估一些广泛使用的性愉悦量度工具的分子结构是否一致，亦估算在这些妇女的性愉悦中CSA历史统计效果的有效值。样本是一羣有或没有CSA历史的妇女(N = 238), 她们完成了女性性功能指数和妇女性满足量表的测试。结构方程式模型显示羣组中有大体上一致的分子结构，暗示了良好的结构效度。有效值估量显示CSA对性困难妇女性愉悦有中度至高度(.53至.72) 影响。结论支持及扩展CSA可能效果研究，或能对此妇女羣提供可行的治疗方案。

The United States is entering a new era, a period marked by some important demographic changes in the composition of the population, most especially significant increases in the Latino and Latino immigrant segments of society. These population shifts require corresponding interpersonal, organizational, and structural changes. The present issue bridges research and theory across disciplines and includes studies incorporating a variety of methodologies to examine these important areas. These articles begin to fill some of the voids where a systematic and robust corpus of knowledge is lacking. The contributions address topics ranging from issues of identity and interpersonal relations to pressing matters of educational significance to general approaches to navigating the cultural transitions that mark fluid transnational adaptations. Finally, each contribution delineates the policy implications resulting from the processes and literatures that are examined.

We examined endorsement of multicultural, assimilation, and colorblind ideologies, including their relations to stereotyping and in-group bias, among community samples of Latinos and non-Latino Whites. Participants also completed measures of their orientations to Latino and non-Latino White cultures. Analyses indicated that participants endorsed multiculturalism more strongly than colorblindness and colorblindness more strongly than assimilation. Although Latinos endorsed multiculturalism more strongly than did Whites, ratings of colorblindness and assimilation did not differ. Both groups exhibited in-group bias and out-group homogeneity. However, multiculturalism was associated with lower in-group bias. Further, Latinos who more strongly endorsed multiculturalism perceived less within group variability (i.e., had stronger stereotypes), whereas the reverse was true for Whites. Finally, analyses of cultural orientation measures indicated that ethnicity is not synonymous with cultural orientation; Latinos were equally oriented to Latino and White cultures, overall, and Latino and White American orientations were unrelated.

We examined ethnicity and cultural orientation as predictors of parents’ views of and involvement in children’s education, using data gathered from the Latino (n = 74) and non-Latino (17 White and 13 ethnic minority) parents of children in an elementary school’s dual-language program. Parents completed a questionnaire that assessed Latino and White American cultural orientations, importance of children’s academic and social success, and self- and significant other involvement in children’s education. Results indicated that Latino (and other ethnic minority) parents valued academic and social success equally and more strongly than did Whites and that Whites valued social success more strongly than academic success. Latinos also reported greater involvement of significant others. These differences were largely accounted for by cultural orientations. Educational practices that take into account differences in cultural orientations and the involvement of significant others thus seem more likely to improve academic outcomes than do efforts intended to promote the valuing of education. C � 2010 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.

We examined the influence of empathic concern, perspective-taking, personal distress, and guilt on perceptions of volunteer experiences and intentions to continue volunteering among buddy volunteers serving HIV positive clients. Volunteers who exhibited empathic concern and perspective-taking perceived their volunteer experiences to be more challenging and important, and these perceptions predicted intentions to continue volunteering. The effect of empathic concern on intentions was mediated by perceptions that volunteer experiences were challenging and important. Volunteers who felt greater guilt had closer relationships with their client buddies, and closer relationships predicted stronger intentions to continue volunteering. Volunteers who experienced greater personal distress perceived their volunteer experiences to be more disappointing. Neither guilt nor personal distress influenced intentions to continue volunteering.

Management of nonindigenous species is a crucial aspect of maintaining native biodiversity and normal ecosystem functions. We attempt to guide researchers in developing projects that will be of use to con- servation practitioners, tangibly improving applied conservation measures. We advocate a directed approach for conservation research to aid in prioritizing nonindigenous species for intervention by resource managers. This approach includes outlining what needs to be known to make such relative judgments about the impacts of nonindigenous species and the most promising methods by which to obtain such information. We also ad- dress active measures that should be taken once priorities have been set, highlighting the roles of risk assess- ment and research in improving control efforts. Ultimately, a better match between research and practical conservation needs should result in more effective reduction of the effects of nonindigenous species on native species.

The benefits for children at the Pittsburgh site of the federal Comprehensive Child Development Program (CCDP) were examined as a function of family welfare status (Aid to Families with Dependent Children; AFDC) and SES. The CCDP was the largest attempt by the federal government to provide two-generation, case-managed, comprehensive services to low-income families. Participating families could set their own goals and choose services to achieve them, but relatively few services were directed specifically at children. Results showed that more Pittsburgh families in the CCDP treatment group (N = 120) left AFDC than in the control group (N = 120), consistent with results from a national evaluation of the CCDP. Children whose families were on AFDC regardless of treatment group had lower mental test scores, even after controlling for family SES, a result suggesting that AFDC receipt over and above income level was associated with poorer child mental performance. The CCDP was associated with higher children's mental scores plus improvements over time in achievement scores only for children in families who were not on AFDC, even after controlling for SES. Such parents were more likely to choose parenting and child goals and services, which in turn were associated with higher child mental scores. In contrast, parents who were on AFDC tended to choose adult-centered goals and services, which did not benefit children. Therefore, in contrast to the national evaluation, which found no benefits of the CCDP for children, these analyses showed that the CCDP did produce benefits for children whose parents were not on AFDC, who tended to choose parenting and child services.

A functionalized polyphosphazene, poly[bis(carboxylatophenoxy)-phosphazene], was blended with a structural polyurethane via reactive mixing of the polymer with diisocyante and diol prepolymers. The thermal stabilites of the resultant foams were analyzed by thermogravimetric analysis (TGA). The char yields at both 400°C and 600°C increased relative to the pure polyurethane upon increasing the amount of polyphosphazene from 5 wt% to 20 wt%. At higher incorporations, the char at 400°C remained the same, but the char at 600°C continued to increase. The combustion behavior of these foams was analyzed both qualitatively, by a horizontal flame test, and quantitatively, by oxygen index (OI) measurements. Both of these tests indicated an increase in flame resistance at loadings of 20 wt% and above.

Relative density of Neurostrota gunniella larvae in branches of giant sensitive plant, Mimosa pigra at the edge and interior of thickets was estimated by measuring characteristic feeding damage. the proportion of branches attacked by N. gunniella was high throughout and indistinguishable by location in the thicket. However, edge branches were more heavily damaged by larvae than branches in the interior, in both wet and dry seasons. Edge branches also had more leaves and leaflets at the end of the dry season, but not at the end of the wet season. Implications for biological control of M. pigra are discussed.

This report describes perforation of the aorta related to the implantation of an active-fixation atrial pacing lead, a previously undocumented complication of pacemaker implantation. The complication was related to excessive tissue penetration by the screw at the tip of the lead or perforation of the lead body by the positioning stylet during manipulation whereupon the stylet traversed the atrial wall and aortic wall. Perforation of the aorta should be part of the differential diagnosis of cardiac tamponade after pacemaker implantation.

A diet was adapted to rear mid to late instar larvae of Carmerila mimosa, a stem-boring moth imported into Australia as a hiological control agent for giant sensitive plant, Mimosa pigra. The diet enabled synchronous emergence of adult males and females to be manipulated using refrigeration, provided a useful larval transport medium and afforded significant savings in handling time and space utilised. Survival, development, sex ratio and pupal weights of insects reared on artificial diet did not significantly differ from thore of insects reared entirely on potted host plants.