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Abstract Introduction The aim was to develop and validate a nomogram for the prediction of brain metastases (BM) in small cell lung cancer (SCLC), to explore the risk factors and assist clinical decision‐making. Methods We reviewed the clinical data of SCLC patients between 2015 and 2021. Patients between 2015 and 2019 were included to develop, whereas patients between 2020 and 2021 were used for external validation. Clinical indices were analysed by using the least absolute shrinkage and selection operator (LASSO) logistic regression analyses. The final nomogram was constructed and validated by bootstrap resampling. Results A total of 631 SCLC patients between 2015 and 2019 were included to construct model. Gender, T stage, N stage, Eastern Cooperative Oncology Group (ECOG), haemoglobin (HGB), the absolute value of lymphocyte (LYMPH #), platelet (PLT), retinol‐binding protein (RBP), carcinoembryonic antigen (CEA) and neuron‐specific enolase (NSE) were identified as risk factors and included into the model. The C‐indices were 0.830 and 0.788 in the internal validation by 1000 bootstrap resamples. The calibration plot revealed excellent agreement between the predicted and the actual probability. Decision curve analysis (DCA) showed better net benefits with a wider range of threshold probability (net clinical benefit was 1%–58%). The model was further externally validated in patients between 2020 and 2021 with a C‐index of 0.818. Conclusions We developed and validated a nomogram to predict the risk of BM in SCLC patients, which could help clinicians to rationally schedule follow‐ups and promptly implement interventions.

Abstract In a hybrid AC/DC microgrid (MG), the interlinking converter (IC) plays an important role in power flow regulation between subgrids. However, line impedance will cause deviations in the power transmitted by the IC if a communication device is not used. To realize accurate power delivery between subgrids without communication, an IC control method based on line impedance compensation is proposed. A harmonic signal is injected into the IC in this method using converters of distributed generation, which are connected to an AC bus. The specified frequency of the signal indicating the voltage of the AC bus can be acquired by an IC using a filter and phase‐locked‐loop (PLL) so that the IC can obtain line impedance by local information and then compensate for voltage drop to realize accurate power transmission. The entire implementation of this method uses no communication. Moreover, when multiple ICs run in parallel, this method can also be conducted easily and effectively to realize accurate power flow between subgrids and power sharing among ICs in proportion to the ICs’ rated capacity. This strategy is verified by simulation and hardware‐in‐the‐loop tests.

Abstract Oil‐immersed transformers play an important role in the stable operation of power systems. Aiming at the low accuracy of traditional transformer fault diagnosis methods, a transformer fault diagnosis method using an improved sparrow search algorithm (ISSA) optimised support vector machine (SVM) is proposed. First, use Sin chaotic to initialise the population, then introduce the fusion of Cauchy mutation and opposition‐based learning to optimise the selection of the population to improve the SSA global optimisation capability. Secondly, use the improved Sparrow algorithm to optimise the SVM kernel function parameters and penalty coefficients and establish a fault diagnosis model‐‐ISSA‐SVM for dissolved gas analysis. Enter the data into ISSA‐SVM for fault diagnosis and combine it with K nearest neighbour (KNN) algorithm, gradient boosting decision tree (GBDT), sparrow search optimised deep extreme learning machine (SSA‐DELM), SVM, sparrow search algorithm optimised Support vector machine (SSA‐SVM), and other diagnostic results are compared. The results show that the fault diagnosis rate of ISSA‐SVM is 91.43%, which is 12.86%, 7.14%, 5.71%, 2.86%, and 1.43% higher than that of KNN, GBDT, SSA‐DELM, SVM, and SSA‐SVM, respectively. It can more accurately judge the current operating state of the transformer.

Abstract Targeting CD96 that originates in immune cells has shown potential for cancer therapy. However, the role of intrinsic CD96 in solid tumor cells remains unknown. Here, it is found that CD96 is frequently expressed in tumor cells from clinical breast cancer samples and is correlated with poor long‐term prognosis in these patients. The CD96+ cancer cell subpopulations exhibit features of both breast cancer stem cells and chemoresistance. In vivo inhibition of cancer cell‐intrinsic CD96 enhances the chemotherapeutic response in a patient‐derived tumor xenograft model. Mechanistically, CD96 enhances mitochondrial fatty acid β‐oxidation via the CD155‐CD96‐Src‐Stat3‐Opa1 pathway, which subsequently promotes chemoresistance in breast cancer stem cells. A previously unknown role is identified for tumor cell‐intrinsic CD96 and an attractive target in improving the chemotherapeutic response.

The gas-solid compatibility between environmentally friendly insulating gas and copper contacts is worth studying. In this paper, based on density functional theory, the adsorption calculation of CF3I, c-C4F8, five typical decomposition gases, and Cu (1 1 1) surface was carried out. The adsorption energies, transferred charges, charge densities, and densities of states were calculated for different adsorption configurations. Research indicates that there is no obvious charge transfer between the I atom and the Cu atom in the four adsorption sites of Cu (1 1 1) for the CF3I molecule. There is a charge transfer between the F atoms and the Cu top surface. The electrons lost by Cu are transferred to F atoms. In the configurations of different adsorption positions on CF3I and Cu (1 1 1) planes, the top and bridge adsorption energies are −0.835 eV and −0.993 eV, respectively, which are chemical adsorption. Therefore, CF3I is most likely to form adsorption at the top or bridge site of the Cu (1 1 1) surface. The adsorption energy of c-C4F8 gas on Cu (1 1 1) surface is similar to that of CF3I at fcc and hcp sites. The absolute values are all less than 0.8 eV, and the van der Waals force is the main force. The adsorption energies of C2F4 and C3F6 in the five decomposed gases are −1.315 eV and −1.204 eV, respectively. The charge transfer is −0.32 eV and −0.45 eV, respectively. Their values are larger than those of the other gases studied, which belong to chemical adsorption. The smaller values of the remaining three gases belong to physical adsorption. All molecular structures and Cu (1 1 1) planes were not significantly deformed. From a microscopic point of view, the gas can better exist on the copper surface.

C4F7N, C5F10O, etc., as new environmental-friendly alternative gases decompose under partial discharge and produce a series of products such as CO, CF4, C2F6, C3F8, CF3CN, C2F5CN, and COF2. Based on the first-principles calculation method of density functional theory (DFT), the adsorption characteristics of intrinsic state graphene and Mo-doped graphene adsorbing SF6 and its substitute gas decomposition products are calculated and analyzed. By comparing the adsorption energy, adsorption distance, density of state, Mulliken charge population, charge transfer amount, and molecular orbital energy for adsorbing different decomposition gases, it can be seen that the system structure is the most stable when Mo is doped at the T site of the graphene surface. The adsorption of Mo-doped graphene on gas molecules is significantly stronger than that of intrinsic graphene, and the order of adsorption is: SO2F2 > H2S > SO2 > CF4. The adsorption of H2S gas molecules by intrinsic state and Mo-doped graphene is n-type adsorption, while the adsorption of SO2F2, CF4, and SO2 gas molecules is p-type adsorption. Mo-doped graphene can be used as a detection device for SO2F2 gas resistance sensors.

Abstract Carcinoma‐associated fibroblasts (CAFs) consist of heterogeneous subpopulations that play a critical role in the dynamics of the tumor microenvironment. The extracellular signals of CAFs have been attributed to the extracellular matrix, cytokines, cell surface checkpoints, and exosomes. In the present study, it is demonstrated that the CD10 transmembrane hydrolase expressed on a subset of CAFs supports tumor stemness and induces chemoresistance. Mechanistically, CD10 degenerates an antitumoral peptide termed osteogenic growth peptide (OGP). OGP restrains the expression of rate‐limiting desaturase SCD1 and inhibits lipid desaturation, which is required for cancer stem cells (CSCs). Targeting CD10 significantly improves the efficacy of chemotherapy in vivo. Clinically, CD10‐OGP signals are associated with the response to neoadjuvant chemotherapy in patients with breast cancer. The collective data suggest that a nexus between the niche and lipid metabolism in CSCs is a promising therapeutic target for breast cancer.

Abstract It should be kept in mind that non‐Hodgkin lymphoma may involve uterine cervix and a multidisciplinary approach should be adopted.

The contact is the core element of the vacuum interrupter of the mechanical DC circuit breaker. The electrical conductivity and welding resistance of the material directly affect its stability and reliability. AgSnO2 contact material has low resistivity, welding resistance, and so on. This material occupies an important position of the circuit breaker contact material. This research is based on the first-principles analysis method of density functional theory. The article calculated the lattice constant, enthalpy change, energy band, electronic density of state, charge density distribution, population, and conductivity of Ce, C single-doped, and Ce-C codoped SnO2 systems. The results show that Ce, C single doping, and Ce-C codoping all increase the cell volume and lattice constant. When the elements are codoped, the enthalpy change is the largest, and the thermal stability is the best. It has the smallest bandgap, the most impurity energy levels, and the least energy required for electronic transitions. The 4f orbital electrons of the Ce atom and the 2p orbital electrons of C are the sources of impurity energy near the Fermi level. When the elements are codoped, more impurity energy levels are generated at the bottom of the conduction band and the top of the valence band. Its bandgap is reduced so conductivity is improved. From the charge density and population analysis, the number of free electrons of Ce atoms and C atoms is redistributed after codoping. It forms a Ce-C covalent bond to further increase the degree of commonality of electrons and enhance the metallicity. The conductivity analysis shows that both single-doped and codoped conductivity have been improved. When the elements are codoped, the conductivity is the largest, and the conductivity is the best.

Introduction: Helicobacter pylori (H. pylori) is a non-invasive microorganism causing intense gastric mucosal inflammatory and immune reaction. H. pylori-induced gastric mucosal cytokine overproduction has been clearly documented previously. The stomach has a large surface area and continuous spill-over of locally produced cytokines into the blood stream is a possibility. There are few and conflicting data on circulatory proinflammatory cytokine levels in patients with H. pylori infection.