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BACKGROUND A point-of-care device that can provide immediate and reliable hemoglobin (Hb) concentrations and packed cell volumes (PCVs) would be useful in veterinary medicine. OBJECTIVES We aimed to compare the use of a human device (Mission Plus; MP) with a gold standard (GS) method for measuring Hb concentrations and PCVs in cattle blood. METHODS Blood samples from clinically healthy cattle (n = 122) were collected with or without an anticoagulant (K2 EDTA). The GS and MP methods were compared with correlation coefficients. Passing-Bablok regression analyses were also performed, and the acceptability judgment was completed using Bland-Altman plots. RESULTS The CVmax for Hb values obtained using the GS method, the MP device without K2 EDTA, and the MP device with K2 EDTA were approximately 2.70%, 1.70%, and 2.0%, respectively, whereas the CVmax for PCVs was 0.90%, 1.83%, and 2.05%, respectively. A positive correlation (97.5% confidence interval) was observed between the Hb concentrations and PCV values detected using the MP and GS techniques in blood with and without K2 EDTA. Bland-Altman plots showed agreement between the MP and GS methods. For Hb using blood collected with or without the addition of K2 EDTA, the mean differences were -0.87 g/dL (95% CI: 1.35; -3.96) and 0.08 g/dL (95% CI: 2.16, -1.99), respectively. For PCVs using blood collected with or without the addition of K2 EDTA, the mean differences were -3.75% (95% CI: 0.61. -8.12) and -0.88% (95% CI: 2.86, -4.62), respectively. CONCLUSIONS The MP device can be used to analyze Hb concentrations and PCVs in bovine blood to assist in field diagnoses.

Parasite infections in fish require constant surveillance and strategies for efficient treatments which guarantee the fish health, their sale value and the non-propagation of pathogens in new environments. Fish treatments based on nanotechnology become of increasing interest since nanoparticles have been shown as efficient materials for optimizing administration of bioactives. In this study a chitosan derivative, alginate and praziquantel conjugated nanobioparticle of effective action for oral treatment of digenetic trematodes in highly infected Corydoras schwartzi was evaluated in terms of histological and hematological safety. The inherent absence of alterations in intestinal tissue and the reversible blood cells counting during a period up to 35 days showed the safety of the drug delivery nanobioparticles, which thus represent a promising strategy for effective applications in pathogens treatments by oral administration.

Many dog owners create nutritionally imbalanced raw meat-based diets (RMBD) with information from the Internet and pseudo-scientific books, some even use pre-prepared frozen raw feed from online shops, local butchers or other providers. The risk of nutritional imbalances is therefore present. Blood profiles for dogs fed RMBD are promoted by laboratories as a simple tool for the owner to check the nutritional supply situation. Veterinarian nutrition specialists seem to be consulted less frequently and, in most cases, when blood analyses show deviations from reference ranges. The aim of the present study was to evaluate whether a RMBD blood profile reflects possible malnutrition according to a computer-aided ration check and to assess its clinical relevance. Using standardized questionnaires, the average daily rations of 104 dogs, 83 of which were fed raw diets versus 21 commercially fed dogs, were analysed using Diet Check Munich©, based on the National Research Council values. Afterwards, the SYNLAB.vet GmbH 'Barfer-Profil' test including calcium, phosphate, calcium/phosphate ratio, vitamin A, vitamin D, copper, zinc and iodine with additional parameters taurine, urea, uric acid and creatinine was carried out. No significant correlation between nutrient supply and associated blood parameters could be detected. Diet calculation revealed significantly more nutritional imbalances in the RMBD group than in the control group. Low plasma taurine could be detected only in the RMBD group. After participating, 30% of the dog owners (RMBD group) decided to adjust their dogs' diets at the nutrition consultation of the Clinic for Small Animal Internal Medicine of the LMU Munich. Based on these results, for most parameters a RMBD blood profile is not an appropriate tool to monitor a dog's nutrition and computer-aided ration calculation remains the gold standard for detecting nutritional imbalances.

AIM Alopecia areata (AA) is an inflammatory condition that causes regional shedding without scarring on the hair or eyebrows, eyelashes, and beard. In studies conducted, it has been concluded that platelet/lymphocyte ratio (PLR), neutrophil/lymphocyte ratio (NLR), and mean platelet volume (MPV) are significant indicators of systemic inflammation in various diseases. In the present study, our aim was to examine these parameters in AA patients and to investigate their relationship with the disease. MATERIALS AND METHODS A total of 135 AA patients and 135 healthy controls who did not have any systemic, inflammatory, infectious, or autoimmune diseases were included in this study. Demographic characteristics and complete blood count (CBC) results were analyzed retrospectively and recorded, and statistical analysis was performed. RESULTS PLR, NLR, and MPV values were not differ between AA patients and the control group. CONCLUSION It can be concluded that PLR, NLR, and MPV values are not convenient parameters to show inflammatory response in AA.

BACKGROUND We aimed to examine the effects of pre-operative blood values on varicocelectomy success. MATERIALS AND METHODS A total of 130 patients who underwent varicocelectomy in our clinic were retrospectively analyzed. Operation success was defined as the return of all semen parameters (concentration, progressive motility, and morphology) to normal values 6 months after surgery. The patients were separated as two groups as benefiting from the treatment (Group A) and not (Group B). RESULTS The best cut-off value for the neutrophil/lymphocyte ratio (NLR), which can predict varicocelectomy success, was assigned to be 2.27, with AUC of 0.859 (%95 CI 0.795-0.922). The highest sensitivity and specificity were 0.857 and 0.731 (p

ETLI, MUSTAFA/0000-0001-9320-3971; Aslan, Ahmet/0000-0001-5797-1287; Gulcu, Anil/0000-0002-9012-8053 WOS: 000575112600001 PubMed: 33021061 Diabetic foot is challenging progressive disease which requires multisystemic control. Neuropathy, arteriopathy, and cellular responses should treated collaboratively. Despite all medical advances, diabetic foot can highly resulted with amputation and also re-amputation can be required because of failed wound healing. In this study, we aimed to investigate the relation between blood parameters and amputation events. Diabetic 323 patients include to the study who referred to orthopaedic clinic for amputation. Amputation levels (amputation levels phalanx, metatarsal, lisfranc, syme, below knee, knee-disarticulation, above-knee amputation) and re-amputations recorded and compared with routine blood parameters. Re-amputation was observed at 69 patients. The significant difference detected between lower albumin, higher HbA1c, higher CRP levels (P < 0.05) in regards to gross amputation levels, and increased wound depth. Furthermore, lower albumin levels and higher levels of WBC, HbA1c, CRP, and Creatinine were detected in re-amputation levels. Especially, HbA1c, CRP, and Creatinine levels were found as upper bound of reference line for re-amputation. The statistically optimal HbA1c cutoff point for diabetes was >= 7.05%, with a sensitivity of 86% and a specificity of 59%. In according to our results, simple blood parameters can be useful for observing the progress of amputation in diabetic foot. Particularly, lower albumin, and higher HbA1c, CRP, and Creatinine levels detected as related with poor prognosis. Besides, screening of HbA1c level seems to be highly sensitive for detecting of re-amputation possibility.

The present study is aimed to evaluate the effects of different levels of earthworm (EW) powder and vermihumus (VH) on the growth performance, humoral immunity response, plasma constituents and reproductive performance of Japanese breeder quails. A total of 336 birds were assigned to seven treatments in a completely randomized design from day 30 to 90 of age. The dietary treatments were carried out, one without any addition of EW and VH, the second had a standard rate of VH at 0.8%, while a range of EW additions was supplied from 0%, 0.5%, 1%, 1.5%, 2% and 2.5%. The effects of treatments on body weight and mortality were not significant (p > .05). The highest feed intake was observed in birds fed the diets supplemented with 1% and 1.5% EW (p

Novel sources of omega‐3 fatty acids (FAs) are essential for the sustainable development of the aquaculture industry. In the present study, we assessed the response of the fish to a novel algal oil as a source of eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA) and docosahexaenoic acid (DHA) for rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss) diets. Our results show that the palatability of the diets was maintained with high inclusion levels (up to 10%) of algal oil. The digestibility of omega‐3 FAs was compared among diets containing 10% fish oil (control diet) and diets with no omega‐3 lipid sources (0AO) or increasing levels of algal oil (2.5, 5, and 10% for diets 2.5AO, 5AO, and 10AO, respectively). The digestibility of EPA and DHA was above 99% and was only significantly decreased in the 0AO diet. The FA profile of the muscle was found to reflect that of the diets, suggesting that, when high levels of omega‐3 are included in the diet of rainbow trout, they are deposited in the muscle rather than used for metabolic processes. The growth and the blood parameters of the animals were optimal for all the treatments in the safety trial, with algal oil inclusion levels up to 6%. All these results in combination show that Veramaris® algal oil containing EPA and DHA can be used as an efficient source of omega‐3 FAs for salmonids.

This experiment was conducted to investigate the effects of different dietary energy levels on growth performance, slaughter traits, meat quality and blood biochemical parameters in fattening male Hu lambs. Sixty lambs were fed five iso-protein diets which contained different levels of metabolizable energy in a completely randomized design for 70 days. At the end of study, fifteen lambs were harvested for further study. With the increase in dietary energy level, the daily weight gain and dry matter intake extremely increased (p < .001), and feed conversion ratio decreased significantly (p < .01). The live weight before slaughter (LWBS) and carcass weight had a significant increase (p < .05), non-carcass fat ratio and routine indexes of meat quality had no significant difference. Almost no effect was observed for the amino acid profile except for glycine concentration decreased (p < .05) in longissimus dorsi (LD) muscle. The concentrations of C17:0, C18:3n-3 and n-3 PUFA (p < .01) significantly decreased with the increasing dietary energy levels, and the ratio of ∑n-6/∑n-3 (p < .01) increased, whereas the concentrations of C18:1n-9t (p < .05) decreased in LD muscle and C18:1 (p < .01) increased in biceps femoris (BF) muscle. There were no obviously differences for diameter, area and density of muscle fibres. The relative expression of MyHC-IIa and MyHC-IIx decreased significantly (p < .05) in BF muscle, and the relative expression of MyHC-IIa displayed an obviously decreasing trend (p < .10) in LD muscle. These results suggest that increasing the dietary energy level can improve the growth performance and slaughter traits, and influence meat quality and fatty acid profiles in different muscle tissues of fattening male Hu lambs. These results provide a theoretical basis for developing Hu sheep nutritional standards and designing feed formulations.

Periodontitis is an inflammatory disease of high prevalence and, thus, of potential relevance to the management of blood donation.The aim of this cross-sectional study was to assess periodontal health and its associations to common blood parameters, as well as questionnaire-based periodontitis screening in blood donors.Generally healthy blood donors were recruited and underwent oral examination. Thereby, the decayed-, missing- and filled-teeth index (DMF-T) and periodontal status, including periodontal probing depth and clinical attachment loss, were assessed. Based on periodontal status, periodontitis severity was classified into no/mild, moderate or severe. Six yes/no questions regarding periodontal complaints and history were asked. Furthermore, common blood parameters were analysed.A total of 148 participants (mean age 53·33 years) were included. The DMF-T was 15·28 ± 6·44. Nearly three quarters of participants suffered from a periodontitis (moderate 59·5% and severe 14·8%, total periodontitis 74·3%). Periodontitis severity was associated with the history of dental visits caused by periodontal complaints (P 0·01) and previous periodontal therapy (P 0·01). Only procalcitonin was initially found to be associated with blood periodontitis severity (P = 0·02). This observation was not confirmed by post-hoc testing between subgroups (PThe prevalence of periodontitis in German blood donors is high. However, further studies with sensitive testing of bacteria in peripheral blood are required in order to determine the relevance of this result for the safety of blood components.

The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of different feeding methods on blood biochemical parameters by using a total of 32 Japanese Black breeding cows. The diet (silage) was distributed at a rough estimate for 18 days (FN period), and stanchions were not used in this period. After the FN period, the cows were separated in stanchions for feeding and were fed specified amount of silage by using scales on a feeder wagon, which was determined according to the diet formulation and average body weight of cows, for 30 days (FW period). On the last day of the two experiment periods, the body weight of all cows was recorded and blood samples were collected from 10 randomly selected cows. β-hydroxybutyric acid and albumin (Alb) levels were significantly higher after the FW period than after FN period. The variation of glucose, Alb, calcium and lactic acid was significantly smaller after the FW period. Several blood parameters of the FW period were approximately the appropriate range of a Japanese Black breeding herd in the dry period. Our results suggest that the feeding method by use of a stanchion and proper diet formulation affects blood biochemical parameters and improves nutritional conditions for breeding cows.

Dairy cows often suffer metabolic disorders due to the challenges of the transition period. The aim of study was to determine the effects of feeding pomegranate by-product silage (PBS) on feed intake and some blood parameters, such as non-esterified fatty acids (NEFA) and beta hydroxy butyric acid (BHBA), interleukin-1 (IL-1), serum amyloid-A (SAA), prostaglandin F2α metabolites (PGFM), and progesterone (P4) in fresh Holstein cows. The experimental groups were as follows: CON (0 g PBS of DM) and PBS (120 g PBS of DM). Results showed that replacing corn silage with PBS had no effect on dry matter intake (DMI) throughout the study. The CON group had highest (p < .05) NEFA at 14 d postpartum and serum BHBA was decreased by feeding PBS, especially on days 21 (p < .05) and 28 (p < .05) and the entire study (p < .01). Cows fed PBS had lower (p < .05) serum Malondialdehyde (MDA) than CON cows at different times. Feeding PBS decreased (p < .01) serum IL-1 compared to CON group (216.7 versus. 515.5 Pg/ml) at 28 d postpartum, and also cows fed 120 g PBS had higher (p < .01) serum P4. It was concluded that feeding PBS had no adverse effect on feed intake, milk production, and some reproductive parameters. Moreover, PBS positively affected serum metabolites in fresh dairy cows.

Background This study investigated the effect of flight transport stress on beagles' routine blood indexes and biochemical parameters and evaluated the anti‐stress effect of dangshen (Codonopsis pilosula). Methods We selected 12 beagles and divided them into two groups. One group was treated with dangshen decoction two hours before the flight, and the other group was untreated. Their routine blood indexes and clinical biochemical parameters were tested and analyzed before transport, after unloading and after adaptation for 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, and 6 days after administering dangshen. Results We found that flight transportation stress adversely influenced many of the beagles' routine blood indexes. These recovered during adaptation, with dangshen administration assisting recovery of most indexes. Flight transport stress also adversely influenced biochemical indexes in the beagles. Again these recovered during adaptation, and dangshen aided in the recovery. Conclusion Thus, we found that flight transport adversely affected the beagles' blood indexes, and dangshen reversed the damage from transport stress.

Summary Changes in body weight (BW), risk factors and comorbidities 5 years after Roux-en-Y gastric bypass (RYGB) or different lifestyle interventions are compared. A total of 209 (75% women) severe obese adults were non-randomly allocated to: (A) RYGB (n = 58), (B) weight loss (WL) camp (n = 30), (C) residential intermittent programme (n = 64) or (D) hospital outpatient programme (n = 57). Body weight, risk factors and comorbidities were assessed at baseline, 1 and 5 years. A total of 89 and 54% completed the 1- and 5-year follow-up. The RYGB group experienced more WL at 5 years (−23.9%, 95% CI [−27.7, −20.0]) compared with lifestyle groups: (B) (−9.2%, 95% CI [−16.9, −1.5]), (C) (−4.1%, 95% CI [−8.0, −0.1]) and (D) (−4.1 kg, 95% CI [−10.0, 1.8]) (all P

To evaluate the effects of enzymatically treated Artemisia annua L. (EA) on growth performance and some blood parameters of broilers exposed to heat stress (HS), 320 22-day-old Arbor Acres male broilers were randomly allotted into five groups with eight replicates of eight birds each. Broilers in the control group were housed at 22 ± 1°C and fed the basal diet. Broilers in the HS, HS-EA0.75, HS-EA1.00 and HS-EA1.25 groups were reared under HS (34 ± 1°C for 8 h/day and 22 ± 1°C for 16 h/day), and fed basal diet with 0, 0.75, 1.00 and 1.25 g/kg EA, respectively. The experiment ended at 42 days. Dietary 1.00 and 1.25 g/kg EA decreased blood pH and elevated body weight gain, feed intake and carcass yield compared to the HS group. Broilers fed EA diets had lower serum concentrations of malondialdehyde and corticosterone and activities of alanine aminotransferase and aspartate aminotransferase, and higher serum total superoxide dismutase activity, tri-iodothyronine concentration and tri-iodothyronine/thyroxine than the HS group. Serum catalase activity in HS-EA1.00 and HS-EA1.25 groups and activity to inhibit hydroxyl in the HS-EA1.00 group were higher than the HS group. In conclusion, dietary 0.75–1.25 g/kg EA addition alleviated HS induced impairments in broilers.

*İnanan, Burak Evren ( Aksaray, Yazar ), The aim of the present study was to evaluate the effects of essential oil extracted from bergamot (Citrus bergamia) peel on growth performance and health status of European sea bass juveniles (5.10 + 0.05 g). Test diets supplemented with 0.0%, 0.5%, 1.0% and 2.0% bergamot peel oil (BPO0, BPO0.5, BPO1 and BPO2) were fed to experimental fish for 60 days. At the end of the experiment, the best growth performance was obtained in the BPO0.5 and BPO1 groups (p < .05). No significances were found for haematological parameters including red blood cell count, haematocrit and haemoglobin concentration at the end of the feeding experiment. There were significant differences between the total protein, cholesterol, alkaline phosphatase and glutamic oxaloacetic transaminase (p < .05) between the BPO0.5 and BPO1 supplemented groups and the control group with no BPO addition. The addition of BPO showed significant differences in immune parameters such as lysozyme activity, total myeloperoxidase content, superoxide dismutase and glutathione peroxidase activity between BPO0 and BPO supplemented groups (p < .05). It might be concluded that dietary addition of 0.5%-1% BPO could increase the growth performance and feed utilization with improved health status in sea bass juveniles.

In recent few years, there have been some attempts to find a reliable indicator trait as a selection criterion against susceptibility to ascites syndrome (AS). Blood parameters were of great interest as they could be measured in live animals without implementing an ascites-inducing challenge (AIC). In this work, the suitability of some blood parameters was evaluated for diagnosing AS-susceptible chicks in later steps of the disease in trial 1 as well as their early predictive ability in trial 2. In the first trial, one hundred 1-day-old chicks from two pure broiler lines namely S1 and S2 and, in the second trial, 226 1-day-old chicks from line S2 were subjected to AIC. Saline drinking water (1200 mg/l) and lower-than-standard ambient temperatures were the implemented AICs in trials 1 and 2 respectively. The blood parameters including pH, partial pressure of O2 (pO2 ), partial pressure of CO2 (pCO2 ), bicarbonate ion concentration (BIC), percentage of haematocrit (HCT) and saturated haemoglobin (SaO2 ) were measured twice per each bird at days 28 and 35 in trial 1 and once in trial 2 at day 21. The results of the first trial revealed that in line S2 some of the blood parameters differed significantly between the ascitic and non-ascitic groups following exposure to AIC. In this line, the incidence of AS was accompanied by a lower pO2 , SaO2 and BIC, while with higher pCO2 and HCT values. In the second trial, however, although almost all of the parameters showed meaningful differences between the ascitic and non-ascitic broilers, only mean difference of BIC parameter was statistically significant. The general conclusion of this study is that the blood parameters can somewhat have diagnostic ability in the condition in which the AIC is already present, whereas the results did not approve their usefulness as early predictors of AS.

SummaryIntroduction In this study, changes that occur in various blood parameters as determined by the Sysmex XE-5000 analyser upon storage of blood samples for 72 h were investigated. Methods Blood specimens (200) were processed through the SYSMEX XE-5000 haematology analyser within 4 h of collection. Each specimen was distributed into two aliquots and one stored at 4 °C and the other at room temperature (25 ± 1 °C). Both stored aliquots were retested after 24, 48 and 72 h. The mean, mean per cent change and mean absolute difference between the value at 4 h and each time point for all parameters were calculated. Results Among CBC parameters tested, the white cell count, red cell count and haemoglobin levels were found to be stable for up to 72 h. The mean cell volume and haematocrit changed significantly following 24-h storage at room temperature. Reticulocytes were stable for 72 h under both storage conditions. Among the differential parameters, results of the monocyte count displayed significant change after 24-h storage at room temperature. Conclusion The data presented suggest that clinically reliable results for some CBC parameters can be obtained from specimens that are stored at 4 °C for up to 72 h.

Background Vernal keratoconjunctivitis (VKC) is a chronic sight-threatening ocular disease. Topical cyclosporine A (Cyc) has been widely administered as a steroid-sparing drug, although in about 7–10% of cases, it has been ineffective. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the efficacy of 0.1% topical tacrolimus (Tcr) in patients with severe VKC who failed to respond to 1% Cyc eyedrops. Methods Consecutive patients with severe, Cyc-resistant VKC were enrolled in a double-blind, comparative, crossover (DBCO) trial; all patients were treated with 1% Cyc in one eye and 0.1% Tcr in the other eye for 3 wk. After a washout period of 7 days, patients were instructed to cross over the medications for three additional weeks. Objective ocular score, subjective score, and quality-of-life questionnaires (QoLQ) were collected during the trial. Blood samples were drawn to assess several safety parameters. Results Thirty patients have been enrolled (mean age 9.05 ± 2.12 yr). In each of the two phases of the DBCO trial, a significant improvement in objective and subjective scores was observed in the eyes treated with 0.1% Tcr (p

Studies were carried out to determine the effect of additive iron-glycine chelate on the production performance, slaughter yield, mineral deposition in the liver and the metabolic blood panel in broiler chickens. A total of 250 one-day-old Ross 308 chicks were allotted into five groups with five replicates of 10 birds each. Diets were supplemented with the organic form iron (Fe-Gly at the rate of 25%, 50% or 100% of the total requirements of the elements) and inorganic Fe (FeSO4 at the rate of 50% or 100%). In the experiment, iron was added to the premix (containing no Fe) in an amount of 40 or 20 mg per kg of basal diet, in groups I and II, in the form of FeSO4 , and in an amount of 40, 20 or 10 mg per kg of basal diet, in groups III, IV and V, in the form of Fe-Gly. The study covering the period from the first to the 42nd day of breeding revealed that the production performance and slaughter yield were not dependent on the form and amount of added Fe. In the experimental groups with the addition of Fe-Gly of 20 or 10 mg/kg, there were no deaths of chickens during the whole fattening period. As a result, introducing an organic form of iron covering 50% and 25% of the birds' requirement increased the effectiveness of chicken fattening (European Efficiency Index) (p < 0.01). An organic Fe compound (40, 20 or 10 mg/kg) added to mixtures contributed to significant changes in the level of biochemical and haematological indicators in blood. The study demonstrated that an addition of Fe-Gly to mixtures for broilers can be fully effective in terms of production and health performance even if the suggested requirement for this element is 50% or 25% covered.

Summary The goal of this study was to assess the anaesthetic induction and recovery time in kutum (Rutilus frisii kutum) after exposure to various concentrations (0.1, 0.3, 0.5, 0.7 and 0.9 ml/l) of 2-PE as an anaesthetic, as well as the effects of optimal concentration (0.7 ml/l) of 2-PE in relation to different exposure time (3, 10, 15 min) on some haematological and serum biochemical indices in this species. Moreover, the effects of 0.7 ml/l on blood parameters were assessed 24 h after the longest exposure. Significant increase was determined in Hb, MCH and MCHC after 10-min exposure to 2-PE (p

The aim of this study was to compare the nutritional management of show jumping horses in practice with recommendations from the literature. Additionally, the effects of these feeding practices on several blood metabolic parameters before and after exercise were studied. Blood samples were collected in the field from 27 different horses at 71 trials on the level M1 to S2 show jumping competitions in Switzerland and questionnaires on feeding practice of the studied horses were evaluated. The questionnaires revealed that during training and on tournament days horses received on average 3.1 kg of concentrate per day (min. 2.0 kg, max. 6.6 kg) divided into two to three meals. The horses were fed on average 6.9 kg of roughage per day (min. 4.0 kg, max. 13.0 kg). Additionally, it was observed that the horses received the last meal on average 6 h 10 min (min. 1 h 50 min, max. 12 h 30 min) before the start of the first show jumping turn, respectively, 7 h 30 min (min 1 h 50 min, max. 13 h 0 min) before the second turn. Seven horses (35%) had access to hay waiting in the trailer between two turns. The statistical analysis revealed no significant influence of the concentrate feeding time point on lactate, triglyceride and insulin levels, but a significant influence on free fatty acids (FFA) and blood glucose concentrations. Roughage feeding of the show jumping horses 2-4 h prior to exercise revealed the most remarkable changes in blood parameters during the show jumping course. These results received under field conditions should be approved in future under standardized conditions.

Objectives: We previously reported a cluster of cholangiocarcinoma patients among proof-printing workers who were exposed to 1,2-DCP for a long term. The present study was conducted to evaluate blood parameters in these proof-printing workers during and after exposure. Methods: Health examination records during employment and after retirement were obtained for ten cholangiocarcinoma patients to analyze their blood parameters. The patients and/or their relatives were also interviewed about lifestyle and occupational history. Results: All study patients were exposed to 1,2-DCP for 6–17 years. Red blood cells, hemoglobin, hematocrit, total cholesterol, triglycerides, and fasting plasma glucose were within the standard ranges for almost all patients, but the γ-glutamyl transpeptidase (γ-GTP) levels exceeded the standard range during 1,2-DCP exposure for six patients. Two of the six patients were diagnosed with cholangiocarcinoma during 1,2-DCP exposure, and the other four patients were diagnosed 1–9 years after termination of exposure. The remaining four patients had γ-GTP levels within the standard range during 1,2-DCP exposure, but had increased γ-GTP levels thereafter, and were diagnosed with cholangiocarcinoma 4–10 years after termination of exposure. Aspartate aminotransferase and alanine aminotransferase levels started to increase following the increase in γ-GTP levels. Conclusions: Workers exposed to 1,2-DCP should be provided with periodic health examinations during and after exposure. In the examination, even small increases in γ-GTP levels should be considered a signal of early development of cholangiocarcinoma.(J Occup Health 2014; 56: 279-284)

BACKGROUND In a preliminary study the oxidative stability and tocopherol content of pork meat were shown to be improved by olive leaf (OL) feed supplementation at 50 and 100 g kg−1. However, growth performance was affected negatively. Therefore the objective of the present study was to assess the influence of OL supplementation at a lower level on feed digestibility, growth performance and meat quality. RESULTS Pigs were fed a basal diet (control), a basal diet with 25 g OL kg−1 (OL2.5) or a basal diet with 50 g OL kg−1 (OL5). The incorporation of OL significantly decreased growth rates (P = 0.010) and backfat thickness (P = 0.035) and increased feed/gain ratio (P = 0.032) in the OL5 group. Feed/gain ratio increased more for females (P = 0.001). The incorporation of OL decreased the crude fat (P = 0.006) and protein (P = 0.037) digestibility of both OL diets. Nevertheless, OL was effective in increasing the tocopherol content of meat (P = 0.009). However, meat from pigs fed the OL diets showed similar conjugated diene content, pH and colour parameters to that from pigs fed the control diet, even after 6 days of storage at 4 °C. CONCLUSION The data indicate that olive leaves may be included in pig diets at 25 g kg−1 in order to improve the tocopherol content of meat without excessively compromising growth performance. © 2014 Society of Chemical Industry

The use of glycerol in combination with excess fluid can be used to increase total body water. Because glycerol hyperhydration may also be misused to mask the effects of blood doping on doping-relevant parameters, namely haemoglobin and haematocrit, glycerol has been prohibited by the World Anti-Doping Agency since 2010. In order to test this rationale, the purpose of this meta-analysis was to quantify the effects of glycerol hyperhydration on plasma volume, haemoglobin, and haematocrit in comparison to administration of fluid only. Following a literature search, a total of seven studies was included and meta-analyses were performed separately for the effects on plasma volume (5 studies, total n = 54) and on haemoglobin (6 studies, n = 52) and haematocrit (6 studies, n = 52). The meta-analysis revealed that the increase in plasma volume was 3.3% larger (95%-CI: 1.1-5.5%) after glycerol administration when compared to fluid only. Reductions in haemoglobin were 0.2 g/dl (95%-CI: -0.3, 0.0) larger and there was no difference in the changes in haematocrit between glycerol and fluid administration (95%-CI: -0.7-0.8%). In comparison with other plasma-volume expanding agents, glycerol hyperhydration has a very limited potential in increasing plasma volume and altering doping-relevant blood parameters.

Summary The aim of the article was to study the effect of different growth promoters on growth performance, carcass quality, biochemical and haematological traits and immune response of growing rabbits. A total number of 105 male growing NZW rabbits during 35–91 days of age were randomly distributed among 7 groups fed the same basal diet and submitted to different dietary treatments: the first group was unsupplemented and used as control; the other groups were supplemented respectively with bee pollen and/or propolis at 200 mg/kg BW of each and inulin and/or mannanoligosaccharides (MOS) at 35 mg/kg BW of each. Body weight gain, daily feed intake, feed conversion ratio (FCR), biochemical and haematological blood parameters, carcass characteristics, histological studies of ileum and spleen and economical efficiency were measured. Bee pollen administered alone or with propolis significantly (p < 0.01) the body weight gain and improved FCR in respect of the control group. Inulin with MOS significantly improved just FCR than the control group. Bee pollen with propolis and MOS supplemented-groups resulted in significantly higher (7.96 and 8.41% respectively) white blood cells compared to the control group. Plasma total cholesterol was significantly higher for the MOS group in respect of the control, bee pollen, inulin and inulin with MOS supplemented-groups. Propolis resulted in significantly higher dressed carcass percentage than the control group and higher carcass index than only bee pollen with propolis supplemented-group. Bee pollen, in particular if in combination with propolis, could be used as a supplement in the growing rabbits during days 35–91 of age with positive effects on growth rate and feed conversion ratio.

Harbor seal (Phoca vitulina richardii) populations in the inland waters of Washington and British Columbia are at or near carrying capacity. Stranded pups often are collected and admitted to rehabilitation centers, and then released when they reach a weight of 22 kg and meet a variety of preestablished health and release conditions. While rehabilitation is common practice, it is unclear if rehabilitated seal pups behave like wild weaned pups. Using satellite transmitters, we compared movement patterns of 10 rehabilitated pups with 10 wild weaned pups. When released, rehabilitated seals were longer and heavier than wild pups, while wild pups had a larger mean axillary girth. No clinically different blood parameters were detected. On average, rehabilitated harbor seal pups traveled nearly twice as far cumulatively, almost three times as far daily, and dispersed over three times as far from the release site compared to wild weaned seals. Additionally, wild harbor seals transmitted nearly twice as long as did rehabilitated seals. These patterns suggest that learned behavior during the brief 3–4 wk nursing period likely enables wild harbor seal pups to move less daily and remain closer to their weaning site than rehabilitated pups.

Common marmosets are suitable non-human primate models for many human diseases. Standard values for blood parameters are required to evaluate physiological and pathological situations. Two studies were conducted: study I to determine standard values and study II to examine these under changed housing conditions. In study I, all parameters for clinical chemistry were similar in range for both genders with these specifics: male marmosets had significantly higher total and LDL cholesterol levels than females, whereas the mean corpuscular volume and the mean corpuscular haemoglobin were significantly lower than in females. In study II, glucose, lymphocytes and salivary cortisol were significantly lower, and faecal cortisol was increased during the change of housing conditions. In conclusion, standard values for haematology and clinical chemistry for the common marmoset were determined. Further on, parameters that are influenced by relocation stress and its importance for experimental results are described.

Live-capture is a necessary component for the scientific study and management of most mammals, but it may negatively affect their health and physiology. We compared blood parameters related to the stress response (nominal base levels) from red squirrels Tamiasciurus hudsonicus after capture of up to 4.5 h in five different live trap models (Hava-hart, Sherman, Tomahawk 102, Tomahawk 103 and ‘Special Squirrel’ trap) with true base levels (obtained in less than three minutes). In addition, we evaluated the capture rate in the five trap models. We found that (1) prolonged time in live traps altered stress hormone concentrations compared with true base levels, but maximum corticosteroid-binding capacity was unaffected; (2) squirrels captured in a trap model with reduced visibility (a roof cover – Hava-hart) had significantly lower (c. 50%) mean free cortisol levels compared with those captured in a trap model with full visibility (Tomahawk 102), but all other blood parameters were similar; (3) cortisol levels and white blood cell counts (mainly neutrophil counts) were positively related to duration of capture; (4) a non-covered trap (Tomahawk 102) was most effective and fully covered trap (Sherman) was least effective at capturing squirrels. We discuss the use of effective, yet less stress-inducing trap models to mitigate the stress caused by live-capture on these animals. We conclude that covered traps such as the Hava-hart may reduce trap-induced stress in red squirrels, but at the same time also reduces their capture rates.

Objective The aims of this study were to determine baseline reference intervals for haematological and serum biochemical parameters in lace monitors, and to examine whether such values were influenced by capture method, expected differences in habitat food resource availability and a lizard's body size and body condition. Methods Thirty-three wild Victorian lace monitors (Varanus varius) of unknown age and sex were captured by noose pole or aluminium box trap from Cape Conran in East Gippsland, Victoria, Australia. Results No statistical differences between the two capture methods were noted for haematology. There was a significant difference in the serum glucose concentrations between the two methods of capture (higher concentration in box-trapped animals) because of a physiological response to capture stress. Habitat food quality did not appear to influence haematology or serum biochemistry. The packed cell volume (PCV) for the lace monitors was 0.29–0.43 L/L. Lymphocytes were identified as the most common leucocyte. The haemoprotozoan parasite, Haemogregarina varanicola, was found in all 33 blood samples. No correlation could be made between parasite burden and PCV, serum globulins or serum proteins, but animals in poor body condition were more likely to harbour large numbers of parasites. Conclusion The results of this study may be used as a basis for evaluating health in lace monitors.

Spray-dried porcine blood plasma (SDBP) or blood cells (SDBC) at amounts of 20 or 40 g/kg were included to the feed mixtures that were given to young chickens within 1-28 (Exp. 1) or 1-30 (Exp. 2) days post-hatch. In comparison with the group fed mixtures containing plant components, chickens fed mixtures supplemented with 40 g/kg of SDBP significantly (p < 0.01) increased the body weight estimated on 14 day of life (Exp. 1). At the age of 28 or 30 days post-hatch, the body weight was improved significantly (p < 0.01 or 0.05) in both experiments. Significant differences (one-factorial anova) in feed conversion among particular feeding groups were stated in Exp. 1 only; however, calculations using two-factorial anova show insignificant differences depending on the used animal meal. In selected blood parameters (IgG, Ht, Hb), insignificant differences between feeding groups were stated. The use of SDBP in feed mixture significantly increased the Na retention in both experiments, and K accretion in Exp. 1 only. Application of SDBC and 40 g/kg of SDBP significantly or insignificantly improved Fe retention. Insignificant diversification of apparent ileal digestibility of nutrients was stated; the crude fat was significantly better digested in treatments fed mixtures with animal meals but kind of animal meal was without any significant effect. Significant differences in digestibility of amino acids were recorded for Pro, Cys, Val, His, Lys and Arg. In chickens fed mixture with SDBC, higher coefficients of apparent digestibility of Cys, Val and His (Exp. 1) and Cys and His (Exp. 2) than in other feeding groups were obtained. The kind of used blood by-products has not affected the histological structure of intestine wall.

Background Ketamine hydrochloride is an anesthetic commonly utilized to obtain biological samples in various non-human primates. Its application alters individual hematologic and biochemical values. The aim of this study was to analyze its effect on blood parameters of Alouatta pigra. Method We collected blood samples at 10 and 40 minutes after the application of ketamine in 12 adult female A. pigra living in free-ranging conditions. Results The analysis showed that 40 minutes after application of ketamine, the number of platelets, lymphocytes and concentration of phosphorus decreased; however, creatinine, cholesterol, triglycerides, and potassium values increased. Conclusions Our results suggest that ketamine appears to have little effect on the hematology and blood biochemistry of Alouatta pigra females with respect to those reported for other non-human primates. It is also important to consider the elapsed time after their application when taking blood samples for proper interpretation of the hemogram of Alouatta pigra females.

Heat in blood pumps is generated by losses of the electrical motor and bearings. In the presented study the influence of tempered surfaces on bulk blood and adhesions on these surfaces was examined. Titanium alloy housing dummies were immersed in 25 mL heparinized human blood. The dummies were constantly tempered at specific temperatures (37-45 °C) over 15 min. Blood samples were withdrawn for blood parameter analysis and the determination of the plasmatic coagulation cascade. The quantities of adhesion on surfaces were determined by drained weight. Blood parameters do not alter significantly up to surface temperatures of 45 °C. In comparison to the control specimen, a drop in the platelet count can be observed, but is not significantly temperature dependent. The mean mass of adhesions at 41 °C increased up to 66% compared to 37 °C. Thus, heat generated in electrical motors and contact bearings may influence the amount of adhesions on surfaces.

Resume Les auteurs ont poursuivi, sur 10 juments gestantes, ardennaises x Furioso North Star et ardennaises x Lipizzan, âgees de 5 a 10 ans, le cuivre plasmatique (CP), le cuivre sanguin total (CT), l'hematocryte (Hc) et les erythrocytes (E) par des determinations mensuelles, pendant 12 mois. On a etabli les moyennes suivantes: CP = 141,4 ± 2,55 μg / 100 ml; CT = 133,6 ± 3,73 μg/ 100 ml; Hc = 37,5 ± 0,6%; et E = 5,5 ± 0,205.10−6 / mm3. On a remarque une hausse de toutes ces constantes pendant la saison froide et une baisse des le commencement de l'alimentation avec des fourrages verts. On n'a pas constate une hypercupremie pre-parturiente. On a remarque une hausse antepartum et une baisse post-partum du Hc chez 5 cas individuels. On a constate une cupremie moyenne de 152,4 ± 6,71 μg / 100 ml superieure a la maternelle, chez les poulains de ces juments, sans qu'il y existe une correlation entre la cupremie maternelle et celle du nouveau-ne. On discute l'interdependance des constantes etudiees tout aussi que l'influence du regime alimentaire sur l'evolution de celles-ci, en comparaison a la litterature. Zusammenfassung uber den Kupferhaushalt des Pferdes unter Berucksichtigung anderer Blutparameter bei den Stuten I. Schwankungen des Blutkupfergehaltes wahrend der verschiedenen Jahreszeiten Wahrend eines Jahres wurden durch monatliche Untersuchungen bei 10 trachtigen Stuten (Kreuzungen von Ardenner mit Furioso North Star und Ardenner mit Lipizzaner) im Alter von 5–10 Jahren der Gehalt an Plasmakupfer (CP), an Gesamtblutkupfer (CT), der Haematokrit (Hc) und die Erythrocytenzahl (E) bestimmt. Folgende Mittelwerte wurden errechnet: CP = 141,4 ± 2,55 μg / 100 ml, CT = 133,6 ± 3,73 μg / 100 ml, Hc = 37,5 ± 0,6%, E = 5,5 ± 0,205.10−6 / mm3. Wahrend des Winters wurde ein Ansteigen dieser Werte und ein Abfall bei Beginn der Grunfutterperiode beobachtet. In der Zeit vor dem Fohlen wurde keine Hypercupraemie festgestellt. In 5 Fallen wurde eine Zunahme des Haematokritwertes vor und eine Abnahme nach dem Abfohlen bemerkt. Bei den Fohlen dieser Stuten wurde ein mittlerer Kupfergehalt von 152,4 ± 6,71 μg / 100 ml (hoher als beim Muttertier) festgestellt, ohne das eine Korrelation zwischen dem Blutkupfergehalt der Mutter und dem Neugeborenen besteht. Die Abhangigkeit der gepruften Werte voneinander wird diskutiert, wie auch der Einflus der Futterung im Vergleich mit den Literaturangaben. Summary Changes within the year in blood copper in horses I. Studies on the copper status of horses and some other blood parameters Over a period of a year, monthly estimations were made on 10 pregnant mares (crosses of Ardennes with Furioso North Star and of Ardennes with Lipizaners) aged 5–10 years for plasma Cu (CP), total blood Cu (CT), haematocrit (Hc) and red cells (E). The following mean values were found: CP = 141.4 ± 2.55 μg. / 100 ml.; CT = 133.6 ± 3.73 μg. / 100 ml.; Hc = 37.5 ± 0.6%; and E = 5.5 ± 0.205 106/mm.3. During the winter months there was a rise in all these parameters and a fall at the beginning of the grazing season. No evidence of hypercupreamia was found in the time prior to foaling. In 5 mares there was an increase in haematocrit before foaling and a fall afterwards. In the foals of these mares the mean plasma Cu content was 152.4 ± 6.71 μg. / 100 ml. (higher than in the dams), without there being any correlation between the blood Cu content in mother and newborn foal. The relationship of these values to one another is discussed, as is the influence of diet as compared with what appears in the literature. Resumen Sobre el contenido en cobre de los equidos I. Oscilaciones del contenido de cobre en sangre durante las diferentes estaciones del ano bajo la consideracion de otros parametros sanguineos en yeguas En analisis mensuales, se valoraron durante un ano en 10 yeguas gestantes (cruces de la raza ardenesa con Furioso North Star, y ardenesa con Lipitza), de edades comprendidas entre 5 y 10 anos, el contenido en cobre plasmatico (CP), de cobre en sangre total (CT), el hematocrito (Hc) y la cantidad de eritrocitos (E). Se calcularon los valores medios siguientes: CP = 11.4 ± 2.55 μg / 100 ml, CT = 133.6 ± 3.73 μg / 100 ml, Hc = 37.5 ± 0.6%, E = 5.5 ± 0.205 · 106 / mm3. Durante el invierno se observo un incremento de estos valores y un descenso al comenzar el periodo de forraje verde. En el tiempo anterior a la paridera no se aprecio ninguna hipercupremia. En 5 casos se establecio un aumento en el valor hematocrito antes y una disminucion tras el parto. En los potros de estas yeguas se evidencio un contenido medio en cobre de 152.4 ± 6.71 μg / 100 ml (mayor que en las madres respectivas), sin que exista una correlacion entre el contenido en cobre sanguineo de la madre y el del recien nacido. Se discute la dependencia de los valores analizados entre si, asi como el influjo de la alimentacion, en comparacion con los datos bibliograficos.

Zusammenfassung In einer Versuchsreihe wurde eine Na-arme Diat (3,6 mg Natrium pro kg Korpergewicht und Tag) verfuttert. Anschliesend erfolgte eine NaCl-Zufuhr (70 mg Natrium pro kg Korpergewicht und Tag). Wahrend Depletion und Repletion wurden Verdauung bzw. Gesamtstoffwechsel der Rohnahrstoffe und wichtigsten Mengenelemente (Natrium, Kalium, Kalzium, Phosphor, Magnesium) erfast sowie die Konzentration folgender Blutparameter uberpruft: Mengenelemente, Hamatokrit, Hamoglobin, Eiweis. Gleichzeitig wurden die Versuchstiere klinisch untersucht mit besonderer Berucksichtigung der Herzfunktion. Folgende Ergebnisse wurden erzielt: 1 Na-Mangel fuhrte zu Exsikkose, Unruhe, beschleunigter Atmung, Polydipsie und Polyurie. Das EKG wies eine Verkurzung der QT-Zeit auf. 2 Nach Na-Entzug gingen die Serumnatriumgehalte nur vorubergehend zuruck, wahrend Hamatokrit und Hamoglobin auf 50% bzw. 18,5 g/100 ml anstiegen. 3 Die scheinbare Verdaulichkeit von Natrium und Kalium war im Na-Mangel reduziert. Im „Kotwasser” konnten K-Konzentrationen bis zu 350 mg/100 ml festgestellt werden. 4 Im Na-Mangel kam es zu einem erheblichen Ca-Verlust und gleichzeitig zu einer geringen aber deutlich nachweisbaren P-Retention, wobei die P-Ausscheidung mit dem Harn eingeschrankt war und die scheinbare P-Verdaulichkeit relativ niedrig lag. 5 Repletion fuhrte in kurzer Zeit zur Auffullung der depletierten Na-Depots, fur die „Normalisierung” des P- und Ca-Stoffwechsels wird dagegen eine langere Zeit benotigt. 6 Zur Diagnose „Na-Mangel” sollte neben klinischem Befund, Harnund Blutkonzentrationen der wichtigsten Elemente, Nachweis einer Hamokonzentration auch das Verhaltnis Natrium zu Kalium im Kotwasser herangezogen werden. Summary Effect of Na depletion and subsequent repletion on the metabolism of Beagle dogs During a period of 62 days three Beagle dogs received a sodium deficient diet (3.6 mg. Na/kg. bodyweight and day). Repletion with sodium (70 mg Na/kg. bodyweight and dog) was examined in the following 18 days. Metabolism of the main organic nutrients as well as of minerals was controlled and the concentration of the following blood parameters determined: minerals, hemoglobin, hematocrit, protein. Simultaneously the state of health, with special regard to heart function was controlled. The following results were obtained: 1 Na-deficiency results in exsiccosis, restlessness, increased respiration rate, polydipsia and polyuria. The electrocardiogram showed a diminished duration of the QT-interval. 2 He and Hb rose (50% resp. 18.5 g./100 ml.) whilst sodium concentration in the blood showed only a temporary reduction. 3 Apparent digestibility of sodium and potassium was reduced in the state of Na-deficiency. In the fecal chyme the concentration of potassium increased to values of 350 mg./100 ml. 4 Na-deficiency resulted in a remarkable Ca-loss and in a small but distinct P-retention. Renal excretion was reduced and apparent digestibility was quite low. 5 Repletion with sodium chloride was possible within 18 days, whereas “normalization” of P- and Ca-metabolism was not completed within the 18 days of sodium supplementation. 6 Diagnostic features for Na-deficiency are state of health, concentration of minerals in the blood and urine, hemoconcentration, and relation of sodium to potassium in the feces. Resume Action d'une depletion en Na suivie d'une repletion sur le metabolisme de chiens «beagle» On a donne dans une serie d'essais un regime pauvre en Na (3,6 mg Na pro kg de poids et par jour). Ce regime fut suivi d'une addition de NaCl (70 mg Na pro kg de poids et par jour). On a releve, durant la depletion et la repletion, la digestion et le metabolisme total des substances grossieres et des mineraux (sodium, potassium, calcium, phosphore, magnesium) et les parametres sanguins suivants: mineraux, hematocrite, hemoglobine, proteines. Les animaux furent en meme temps examines cliniquement, tout particulierement la fonction cardiaque. Les resultats suivants ont ete obtenus: 1 Le manque de Na provoqua de l'exsiccose, de l'agitation, une respiration acceleree, de la polydipsie et une polyurie. L'ECG montra un raccourcissement de l'intervalle QT. 2 Le retrait de Na ne diminua que provisoirement les taux en sodium du serum, alors que l'hematocrite et l'hemoglobine montaient respectivement de 50% et a 18,5 g/100 ml. 3 La digestibilite apparente du sodium et du potassium fut reduite lors de la carence en Na. On a trouve dans l'eau des feces une concentration en potassium jusqu'a 350 mg/100 ml. 4 Une perte de calcium fut constatee pendant la carence en Na et en meme temps une retention faible mais demonstrable du phosphore dans laquelle l'excretion urinaire du phosphore etait limitee et la digestibilite apparente du phosphore relativement basse. 5 La repletion conduisit rapidement a un comblement des depots en Na diminues alors que la normalisation du metabolisme de P et Ca necessita plus de temps. 6 Le diagnostic «carence en sodium» necessite en dehors de l'examen clinique la determination des concentrations des elements importants de l'urine et du sang, la mise en evidence d'une concentration du serum et l'elevation du rapport sodium/potassium dans l'eau des excrements. Resumen Efectos de una deplecion de Na y replecion inmediata sobre el metabolismo de perros Beagle En una serie experimental se facilito como comida una dieta pobre en Na (3.6 mg. de sodio por kg. de peso vivo y dia). A continuacion se efectuo el aporte de ClNa (70 mg. de sodio por kg. peso en pie y dia). Durante la deplecion y replecion se revisaron la digestion resp, metabolismo total de principios inmediatos y elementos cuantitativos mas importantes (sodio, potasio, calcio, fosforo, magnesio), asi como la concentracion de los parametros sanguineos siguientes: elementos cuantitativos, hematocrito, hemoglobina, proteina. Al propio tiempo, se examinaron clinicamente los animales de ensayo con la consideracion especial de la funcion cardiaca. Se obtuvieron los resultados siguientes: 1 La deficiencia de Na conducia a exsicosis, inquietud, taquipnea, polidipsia y poliuria. El ECG mostraba un acortamiento del tiempo QT. 2 Tras privacion de Na desaparecian solo de forma pasajera los contenidos sodicos en el suero sanguineo, mientras que el hematocrito y hemoglobina aumentaba a 50% resp. 18.5 g./100 ml. 3 La digestibilidad aparente de sodio y potasio se hallaba reducida en la deficiencia de Na. En el «agua de heces» se pudieron establecer concentraciones de K de hasta 350 mg./100 ml. 4 En la carencia de Na se produjo una perdida considerable de Ca y, al mismo tiempo, una retencion escasa aunque palpable de P, limitandose la excrecion de P a la orina y siendo baja relativamente la digestibilidad aparente de P. 5 La replecion conducia en poco tiempo a rellenar el deposito depletado de Na, mientras que se precisa un tiempo mas largo para «normalizar» el metabolismo del P y Ca. 6 Para poder establecer el diagnostico «carencia de Na», se deberia recurrir, al lado del hallazgo clinico, concentraciones en orina y sangre de los elementos mas importantes, verificacion de una hemoconcentracion, a la relacion existente de sodio a potasio en el « agua de heces».

Zusammenfassung Bei Rindern durchgefuhrte Untersuchungen haben gezeigt, das Blutkriterien (eosinophile Granulozyten, neutrophile Granulozyten, Gesamtleukozyten, Lymphozyten, Blutzucker) zum Nachweis des Bestehens, der Dauer und der Intensitat von Streszustanden angewandt werden konnen. Die Intensitat und Konstanz der reaktiven Blutveranderungen schwankt je nach dem angewandten Deutungskriterium. Die eosinophilen und neutrophilen Granulozyten sowie die Gesamtleukozyten stellen Hauptkriterien zum Stresnachweis dar, wahrend Lymphozyten und Blutzucker von sekundarer Bedeutung sind. Die Deutung der reaktiven Blutveranderungen notigt zum uberprufen der Gruppenmittelwerte (x; t-Test) und des Verhaltens des Einzeltieres (Abweichungen von uber ± 50% der Blutkriterien gegenuber dem Ausgangswert)). Blutentnahme, Gruppenbildung, Enthornen, Wagen und Vakzinieren stellen fur das Rind Stressoren dar. Die Intensitat und Dauer der Belastung, gedeutet mit Hilfe von Blutkriterien (Eosinophile, Neutrophile, Gesamtleukozyten) schwankt je nach dem Stressor und der unterschiedlichen Reaktivitat der Tiere (Individium, Alter). Beim Rind beeinflussen Neurosedativa (Romergan, Combelen), Hamotherapie und Antibiotica (Tetrazyklin, Terramyzin) nicht den Ablauf der hormonellen Stresreaktion. Neurosedativa wirken nur beim psychischen Stres vorbeugend. Hamotherapie und Antibiotica rufen, als Ausdruck der Aktivierung von Schutzmechanismen, eine neutrophile Leukozytose hervor und wirken antibakteriell (Antibiotica). Summary Studies on the adaptation syndrome in cattle Studies in cattle have shown that blood parameters (eosinophils, neutrophils, total leucocytes, lymphocytes, blood sugar) can be used to indicate the existence, duration and intensity of stress conditions. The intensity and constancy of the reactive blood changes vary according to the criteria adopted. Eosinophils and neutrophils, as well as total leucocytes, are the main criteria to demonstrate stress, whereas lymphocytes and blood sugar are of secondary significance. The interpretation of the reactive blood changes necessitates the establishment of group mean values (x; t-test) and behaviour of the individual animal (changes of more than 50% in the blood values compared with the initial value). Bleeding, formation of groups of animals, dehorning, weighing and vaccinating are all stressors for cattle. The intensity and duration of the stress, detected by the various blood parameters (eosinophilia, neutrophilia, total leucocyte level), vary with the stressor and with the reactivity of the animal (individual variation, age). In cattle the use of neurosedatives (Romergan, Combelen), haemotherapy and antibiotics (tetracyclines, terramycin) do not affect the course of the hormonal stress reaction. Neurosedatives are effective only when the stress is psychic in origin. Haemotherapeutics and antibiotics produce, as an expression of activation of body defences, a neutrophil leucocytosis and an antibacterial effect (antibiotics). Resume Recherches concernant le syndrome d'adaptation chez le bovin Les recherches faites chez des bovins ont montre que des criteres sanguins (granulocytes eosinophiles et neutrophiles, le total des leucocytes, lymphocytes, taux de sucre sanguin) peuvent etre utilises pour demontrer l'existence, la duree et l'intensite d'etats de stress. L'intensite et la regularite des modifications sanguines de reactions varie selon les criteres adoptes. Les granulocytes eosinophiles et neutrophiles ainsi que le total des leucocytes sont les criteres principaux pour demontrer une situation de stress, alors que les lymphocytes et le taux de sucre sanguin jouent un role secondaire. L'interpretation des modifications sanguines de reaction necessite un controle des valeurs de groupes (x; t-test) et du comportement de l'individu (variations superieures a ± 50% des normes sanguines par rapport aux valeurs de base). Une prise de sang, la formation d'un lot, l'ecornage, une pesee et des vaccinations representent des stresseurs pour le bovin. L'intensite et la duree de la contrainte exprimees a l'aide des criteres sanguins (eosinophiles, neutrophiles et total des leucocytes) varient en fonction du stresseur et des differentes reactions des animaux (individu, âge). Des neurosedatifs (Romergan, Combelen), une hemotherapie et des antibiotiques (tetracyclines, terramycine) n'influencent pas le deroulement de la reaction hormonale de stress chez le bovin. Une hemotherapie et des antibiotiques, expression de l'activation de mecanismes de protection, provoquent une leucocytose neutrophile et ont une action antibacterienne (antibiotiques). Resumen Estudios acerca del sindrome de adaptacion en los vacunos Los estudios realizados en reses vacunas han demostrado que los criterios hematologicos (granulocitos eosinofilos, granulocitos neutrofilos, leucocitos totales, linfocitos, glucemia) se pueden aplicar para diagnosticar la existencia, duracion e intensidad de los estados de stress. La intensidad y constancia de las modificaciones sanguineas reactivas oscilan con arreglo al criterio de interpretacion que se utilice. Los granulocitos eosinofilos y neutrofilos, asi como los leucocitos totales representan los criterios principales para identificar un stress, mientras que los linfocitos y la glucemia tienen importancia secundaria. La interpretacion de las modificaciones hematologicas reactivas obliga a revisar los valores medios de grupo (x; test-t) y el comportamiento del animal individual (desviaciones mayores de ± 50% de los criterios sanguineos frente al valor inicial). La toma de sangre, formacion de grupos, descornado, ponderacion y vacunacion constituyen stressores para las reses bovinas. La intensidad y duracion del sobrecargo, interpretadas con ayuda de los criterios hematologicos (eosinofilos, neutrofilos, leucocitos totales), oscilan con arreglo al stressor y la reactividad diferente de los animales (individuo, edad). En los vacunos no influyen los neurosedantes (Romergan, Combelen), la hemoterapia ni los antibioticos (tetraciclina, terramicina) sobre el curso de la reaccion hormonal de stress. Los neurosedantes actuan solo preventivamente en el stress psiquico. La hemoterapia y los antibioticos evocan, como expresion de actividad de mecanismos protectores, una leucocitosis neutrofila y actuan de forma antibacteriana (antibioticos).

Summary The effect of experimental infectious bursitis of pullets (Gumboro disease) on some blood parameters In the course of experimental infectious bursitis in 23-days-old female chicks, changes were measured in the following blood parameters: haemoglobin, haematocrit, HbE, VolE, concentration of HbE, reticulocyte number, 30-minute sedimentation rate, thrombocyte number, thromboplastin time, and content of factors II, V and VII. The red cell count showed no differences. The changes in the erythrocytes are discussed in relation to the general disturbances of erythropoiesis and a deficiency of ingested iron, together with the changes in coagulation values in combination with a consumption coagulopathy. Resume L'influence de la boursite infectieuse experimentale des jeunes poules (maladie de Gumboro) sur quelques parametres sanguins Au cours du development d'une boursite infectieuse experimentale chez des poules âgees de 23 jours, on mesure les modifications des parametres sanguins suivants: teneur en hemoglobine, valeur de l'hematocrite, HbE, volE, conc. HbE, nombre des reticulocytes, valeur de la sedimentation en 30 min., nombre des thrombocytes, temps de la thromboplastine, teneur en facteurs II, V et VII. Le nombre des erythrocytes ne presente pas de differences. On discute les modifications des erythrocytes, en relation avec les troubles generaux de l'erythropoiese et d'une carence alimentaire en fer, et les modifications des valeurs de la coagulation, en relation avec une coagulopathie de consommation. Resumen El influjo de la bursitis infecciosa experimental de las pollitas (enfermedad de Gumboro) sobre algunos parametros sanguineos En el curso de una bursitis infecciosa experimental en pollitas de 23 dias de edad se midieron las alteraciones de los parametros sanguineos siguientes: contenido en hemoglobina, valor del hematocrito, HbE, volE, concE-Hb, cantidad de reticulocitos, valor 30 min de velocidad de sedimentacion de los globulos rojos, cantidad de trombocitos, tiempo tromboplastinico, contenido en factor II, contenido en factor V, contenido en factor VII. La cantidad de eritrocitos no presenta variacion alguna. Las alteraciones en los hematies se discuten en relacion con los trastornos generales de la eritropoyesis y la carencia de hierro de origen alimenticio, mientras que las de los valores de coagulacion en combinacion con una coagulopatia de consumo. Zusammenfassung Im Verlauf einer experimentellen Infektiosen Bursitis bei 23 Tage alten Junghennen werden Veranderungen folgender Blutparameter gemessen: Hamoglobingehalt, Hamotokritwert, HbE, VolE, Hb-KonzE, Retikulozytenzahl, 30-min-BSG-Wert, Thrombozytenzahl, Thromboplastinzeit, Faktor-II-Gehalt, Faktor-V-Gehalt, Faktor-VII-Gehalt. Die Erythrozytenzahl weist keinen Unterschied auf. Die Veranderungen an den Erythrozyten werden in Zusammenhang mit allgemeinen Storungen der Erythropoese und einem alimentar bedingten Eisenmangel, diejenigen der Gerinnungswerte in Verbindung mit einer Verbrauchskoagulopathie diskutiert.

Fourteen female cats with fibroadenomatosis were treated with aglepristone, and the effectiveness of the treatment and its effect on selected haematological and blood chemistry parameters were studied. The cats were monitored for 12 months after the end of the treatment. Complete remission of the clinical signs was achieved on average 3.9 weeks after the treatment began; the success of the treatment confirmed the clinical diagnosis of fibroadenomatosis. During the course of the treatment the cats' haematological parameters returned to normal. In cats that had previously been treated with long-acting medroxyprogesterone acetate, treatment with aglepristone for five weeks was recommended. Cases of fibroadenomatosis reappearing after a few months should be regarded as new disease rather than a relapse. Six cats were subsequently mated and four gave birth to one or more litters; all the pregnancies proceeded normally with no clinically evident fibroadenomatosis. The other eight cats underwent ovariohysterectomy soon after the aglepristone treatment was completed.

The influence of heat dissipating systems, such as rotary blood pumps, was investigated. Titanium cylinders as rotary blood pump housing dummies were immersed in porcine blood and constantly tempered at specific temperatures (37-60 degrees C) over a defined period of time. The porcine blood was anticoagulated either by low heparin dosage or citrate. At frequent intervals, samples were taken for blood analysis and the determination of the plasmatic coagulation cascade. Blood parameters do not alter at surface temperatures below 50 degrees C. Hyperthermia-induced hemolysis could be confirmed. The plasmatic coagulation cascade is terminated at surface temperatures exceeding 55 degrees C. The adhesion of blood constituents on surfaces is temperature and time dependent, and structural changes of adhesions and blood itself were detected.

In 87 patients with Ph1 positive chronic granulocytic leukaemia (CGL), the bone marrow iron content was studied on smears obtained at diagnosis. A low sideroblast score and a decreased or absent marrow iron on semiquantitative estimation were found in 91% and 85% of cases, respectively. These findings did not correlate with blood parameters reflecting iron status such as Hb concentration, mean corpuscular volume, mean corpuscular haemoglobin, serum iron, total iron-binding capacity and transferrin saturation, which were normal in most cases. In 30 patients, initial serum ferritin was estimated, normal or slightly increased levels being as a rule found. In 24 of such patients, serum ferritin was again measured in remission following busulphan and, although values remained normal, a significant decrease was observed with respect to the initial levels (P less than 0.001). Thus, in spite of the consistent marrow pattern of iron depletion, initial iron stores appear to be normal in CGL. It seems, however, that the disease activity may partially influence the serum ferritin levels.

Human studies of intrasex variability have shown that males are intellectually more variable. Here we have performed retrospective statistical analysis of human intrasex variability in several different properties and performances that are unrelated or indirectly related to intelligence: (a) birth weights of nearly 48,000 babies (Medical Birth Registry of Norway); (b) adult weight, height, body mass index and blood parameters of more than 2,700 adults aged 18–90 (NORIP); (c) physical performance in the 60 meter dash event of 575 junior high school students; and (d) psychological performance reflected by the results of more than 222,000 undergraduate university examination grades (LIST). For all characteristics, the data were analyzed using cumulative distribution functions and the resultant intrasex variability for males was compared with that for females. The principal finding is that human intrasex variability is significantly higher in males, and consequently constitutes a fundamental sex difference. © 2008 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Dev Psychobiol 51: 198–206, 2009

Background and Objectives Dynamic oximetry provides a new way to assess the effect of blood storage on the oxygen transport rate (OTR). Materials and Methods In dynamic oximetry, the rate at which oxyhemoglobin becomes deoxyhemoglobin is measured optically, thereby, indirectly measuring the rate at which oxygen leaves the red blood cell (RBC) making it available for transfer to tissues. Extending the physiologic diffusion time in an in vitro apparatus, consisting of a diffusion system and gas exchanger capable of controlling the surface area and the time of exposure for oxygenation and deoxygenation, makes OTR measurement feasible. Eight normal blood donor units, collected in adenine, dextrose, sorbitol, sodium chloride and mannitol , were stored for 8 weeks under standard conditions and serially sampled for OTR. Results We report that the OTR at the time of blood bank donation appears to be singular for each donor, that the interdonor differences are maintained over time, and that the individual OTR increased 1·72-fold (95% CI 1·51, 1·95) over 8 weeks, adjusting for sex, age and plasma cholesterol level. Conclusion Oxygen transport rate increases during storage; blood units with similar haemoglobin content may have significant differences in OTR. Studies examining blood parameters at the time of donation and blood storage on patient outcomes should consider measuring OTR, as it may contribute to differences in observed efficacy of tissue oxygenation.