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5. Black Rural Lives Matters: Ethnographic Research about an Anti-Racist Interfaith Organization in the U.S. South

Author

Bertin M. Louis and Frances B. Henderson

Subjects
Intersectionality, 060101 anthropology, History, 060102 archaeology, media_common.quotation_subject, Black church, Opposition (politics), Gender studies, SAINT, 06 humanities and the arts, Racism, Police brutality, Anthropology, Ethnography, 0601 history and archaeology, Gray (horse), media_common
Abstract

The non-indictment of Michael Brown's killer in fall 2014, the castigation of Blacks during the Baltimore uprising following Freddie Gray's death in police custody, and the death of Sandra Bland in a Texas jail further solidified the notion of the expendability of Black life in the United States. But while larger urban areas like Cleveland, Ferguson, and Staten Island mobilized around anti-Black police brutality, African Americans in smaller rural towns struggled to manifest their opposition to anti-Black violence in ways that were meaningful to their communities. Many turned to the Black church, which emerged once again as a site of struggle and resistance. This essay charts the rise of an anti-racist, interfaith organization created to combat anti-Black racism in the South: Blount County United (BCU) organized by Reverend Dr. Willa Estell, head pastor of Saint Paul African Methodist Episcopal Zion Church in Maryville, Tennessee. Our focus on BCU renders problems that Blacks face in non-urban contexts visible and demonstrates the systemic nature of racism in the 21st century as it is articulated in rural contexts thereby highlighting the hidden transcripts of anti-Black violence.

Published
2017
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16. The Magpie Trial:: a randomised trial comparing magnesium sulphate with placebo for pre-eclampsia.: Outcome for children at 18 months

Author

Duley, L, Farrell, B, Armstrong, N, Spark, P, Roberts, B, Smyth, R, Tivnan, M, Laws, A, Corfield, N, Salter, A, Thorn, L, Altman, D, Yu, L-M, Abalos, E, Carroli, B, Dellepiane, L, Duarte, M, Fernandez, H, Giordano, D, Clarke, M, Gray, A, Hey, E, Neilson, J, Simon, J, Doyle, L, Kelly, T, Squires, J, Collins, R, Karaoglou, A, Lilford, R, Moodley, J, Robson, S, Roberts, I, Rubin, P, Thornton, J, Twaddle, S, Villar, J, Walker, I, Watkins, C, Bimbashi, A, Demalia, E, Gliozheni, O, Shpata, A, Karolinski, A, Lamas, M, Pesaresi, M, Wainer, V, Barbato, W, Paciocco, M, Bertin, M, Boiza, E, Castaldi, J, Partida, Y, Farri, M, Kerz, G, Aguirre, J, de Sagastiza, M, Falcone, R, Morales, E, Carroli, G, Krupitzky, S, Lopez, S, Palermo, M, Varela, DM, Delprato, H, Camusso, H, Curioni, M, Ludmer, E, Brandi, R, Martin, R, Mesas, W, Taralli, R, Lezaola, M, Morosini, M, Andina, E, Bernal, L, Estiu, M, Ulens, E, de Speranza, BO, Peyrano, A, Damiano, M, Saumench, C, Horn, J, Pritchard, M, Smith-Orr, V, Wilson, M, Lawrence, A, Watson, D, Crowther, C, Paynter, J, Mannan, M, Shahidullah, M, Shamsuddin, L, Barros Santos, C, Freire, S, Melo, E, Cobo, E, Jaramillo, M, Cardozo, C, Fandino, N, Gaitan, H, Montano, L, Lozano, J, Rojas, M, Breto Garcia, A, Fuentes Ramirez, A, Garcia Miras, R, Sampera, S, Farnot, U, Gomez, E, Rojas, G, Valdez, R, El-Kreem, HA, Al-Hussaini, T, Hammad, E, Danso, K, Kwapong, E, Ofosu-Barko, F, Jasper, MP, Peedicayil, A, Regi, A, Sharma, R, Chauhan, A, Raut, V, Udani, R, Batra, S, Muthal-Rathore, A, Ramji, S, Zutshi, V, Balakrishnan, S, Eapen, E, Koshy, G, Ambardar, B, Vadakkepat, P, Vaidya, D, Lema, V, Rijken, Y, Tadesse, E, Dada, O, Sofekun, A, Ohiaeri, C, Runsewe-Abiodun, T, Adewole, I, Adeyemo, A, Brown, B, Oladokun, R, Adewale, O, Inimgba, N, John, C, Ogu, R, Ekele, B, Isah, A, Onankpa, B, Jamelle, R, Junejo, D, Faiz, NR, Gul, F, Sherin, A, Bangash, K, Mahmud, G, Masud, K, Tasneem, N, Gassama, S, Soyei, A, Agarwal, P, Rajadurai, V, Hani, C, Pirani, N, Delport, S, Macdonald, P, Mokhondo, R, Pattinson, R, Zondo, M, Adhikari, M, Mnguni, N, Carstens, M, Kirsten, G, Steyn, W, van Zyl, J, Helwig, A, Jacobson, S-L, Panosche, R, Hammond, E, Masanganise, L, Duley, L, Farrell, B, Armstrong, N, Spark, P, Roberts, B, Smyth, R, Tivnan, M, Laws, A, Corfield, N, Salter, A, Thorn, L, Altman, D, Yu, L-M, Abalos, E, Carroli, B, Dellepiane, L, Duarte, M, Fernandez, H, Giordano, D, Clarke, M, Gray, A, Hey, E, Neilson, J, Simon, J, Doyle, L, Kelly, T, Squires, J, Collins, R, Karaoglou, A, Lilford, R, Moodley, J, Robson, S, Roberts, I, Rubin, P, Thornton, J, Twaddle, S, Villar, J, Walker, I, Watkins, C, Bimbashi, A, Demalia, E, Gliozheni, O, Shpata, A, Karolinski, A, Lamas, M, Pesaresi, M, Wainer, V, Barbato, W, Paciocco, M, Bertin, M, Boiza, E, Castaldi, J, Partida, Y, Farri, M, Kerz, G, Aguirre, J, de Sagastiza, M, Falcone, R, Morales, E, Carroli, G, Krupitzky, S, Lopez, S, Palermo, M, Varela, DM, Delprato, H, Camusso, H, Curioni, M, Ludmer, E, Brandi, R, Martin, R, Mesas, W, Taralli, R, Lezaola, M, Morosini, M, Andina, E, Bernal, L, Estiu, M, Ulens, E, de Speranza, BO, Peyrano, A, Damiano, M, Saumench, C, Horn, J, Pritchard, M, Smith-Orr, V, Wilson, M, Lawrence, A, Watson, D, Crowther, C, Paynter, J, Mannan, M, Shahidullah, M, Shamsuddin, L, Barros Santos, C, Freire, S, Melo, E, Cobo, E, Jaramillo, M, Cardozo, C, Fandino, N, Gaitan, H, Montano, L, Lozano, J, Rojas, M, Breto Garcia, A, Fuentes Ramirez, A, Garcia Miras, R, Sampera, S, Farnot, U, Gomez, E, Rojas, G, Valdez, R, El-Kreem, HA, Al-Hussaini, T, Hammad, E, Danso, K, Kwapong, E, Ofosu-Barko, F, Jasper, MP, Peedicayil, A, Regi, A, Sharma, R, Chauhan, A, Raut, V, Udani, R, Batra, S, Muthal-Rathore, A, Ramji, S, Zutshi, V, Balakrishnan, S, Eapen, E, Koshy, G, Ambardar, B, Vadakkepat, P, Vaidya, D, Lema, V, Rijken, Y, Tadesse, E, Dada, O, Sofekun, A, Ohiaeri, C, Runsewe-Abiodun, T, Adewole, I, Adeyemo, A, Brown, B, Oladokun, R, Adewale, O, Inimgba, N, John, C, Ogu, R, Ekele, B, Isah, A, Onankpa, B, Jamelle, R, Junejo, D, Faiz, NR, Gul, F, Sherin, A, Bangash, K, Mahmud, G, Masud, K, Tasneem, N, Gassama, S, Soyei, A, Agarwal, P, Rajadurai, V, Hani, C, Pirani, N, Delport, S, Macdonald, P, Mokhondo, R, Pattinson, R, Zondo, M, Adhikari, M, Mnguni, N, Carstens, M, Kirsten, G, Steyn, W, van Zyl, J, Helwig, A, Jacobson, S-L, Panosche, R, Hammond, E, and Masanganise, L

Abstract

OBJECTIVE: To assess the long-term effects of in utero exposure to magnesium sulphate for children whose mothers had pre-eclampsia. DESIGN: Assessment at 18 months of age for children whose mothers were recruited to the Magpie Trial (recruitment 1998-2001 ISRCTN 86938761), which compared magnesium sulphate with placebo. SETTING: Follow-up of children born at 125 centres in 19 countries across five continents. POPULATION: A total of 6922 children were born to women randomised before delivery at follow-up centres. Of these, 2271 were not included for logistic reasons and 168 were excluded (101 at a centre where <20% were contacted, 40 whose death or disability was due to a problem at conception or embryogenesis and 27 whose parent/s opted out). Therefore, 4483 children were included in follow-up, of whom 3283 (73%) were contacted. METHODS: Assessment by questionnaire, with interview and neurodevelopmental testing of selected children. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: Death or neurosensory disability at age of 18 months. RESULTS: Of those allocated magnesium sulphate, 245/1635 (15.0%) were dead or had neurosensory disability at 18 months compared with 233/1648 (14.1%) allocated placebo (relative risk [RR] 1.06, 95% CI 0.90-1.25), and of survivors, 19/1409 (1.3%) had neurosensory disability at 18 months compared with 27/1442 (1.9%) (RR 0.72, 95% CI 0.40-1.29). There were no substantial differences in causes of death or in the risk of individual impairments or disabilities. CONCLUSIONS: The lower risk of eclampsia following prophylaxis with magnesium sulphate was not associated with a clear difference in the risk of death or disability for children at 18 months.

Published
2007

17. The Magpie Trial:: a randomised trial comparing magnesium sulphate with placebo for pre-eclampsia.: Outcome for women at 2 years

Author

Duley, L, Farrell, B, Armstrong, N, Spark, P, Roberts, B, Smyth, R, Tivnan, M, Laws, A, Corfield, N, Salter, A, Thorn, L, Altman, D, Yu, L-M, Abalos, E, Carroli, B, Dellepiane, L, Duarte, M, Fernandez, H, Giordano, D, Clarke, M, Gray, A, Hey, E, Neilson, J, Simon, J, Collins, R, Karaoglou, A, Lilford, R, Moodley, J, Robson, S, Roberts, I, Rubin, P, Thornton, J, Twaddle, S, Villar, J, Walker, I, Watkins, C, Doyle, L, Bimbashi, A, Demalia, E, Gliozheni, O, Shpata, A, Karolinski, A, Lamas, M, Pesaresi, M, Wainer, V, Barbato, W, Paciocco, M, Bertin, M, Boiza, E, Castaldi, J, Partida, Y, Arias, C, Farri, M, Kerz, G, Aguirre, J, de Sagastizabal, M, Falcone, R, Morales, E, Carroli, G, Krupitzky, S, Lopez, S, Palermo, M, Varela, DM, Delprato, H, Camusso, H, Curioni, M, Ludmer, E, Brandi, R, Martin, R, Mesas, W, Taralli, R, Lezaola, M, Morosini, M, Andina, E, Bernal, L, Estiu, M, Ulens, E, de Speranza, BO, Peyrano, A, Damiano, M, Saumench, C, Horn, J, Pritchard, M, Smith-Orr, V, Wilson, M, Lawrence, A, Watson, D, Crowther, C, Paynter, J, Ashrafunnessa, Mannan, M, Shahidullah, M, Shamsuddin, L, Santos, CB, Freire, S, Melo, E, Cobo, E, Jaramillo, M, Cardozo, C, Fandino, N, Gaitan, H, Montano, L, Lozano, J, Rojas, M, Garcia, AB, Ramirez, AF, Miras, RG, Sampera, S, Farnot, U, Gomez, E, Rojas, G, Valdes, R, El-Kreem, HA, Al-Hussaini, T, Hammad, E, Danso, K, Kwapong, E, Ofosu-Barko, F, Jasper, MP, Peedicayil, A, Regi, A, Sharma, R, Chauhan, A, Raut, V, Udani, R, Batra, S, Muthal-Rathore, A, Ramji, S, Zutshi, V, Balakrishnan, S, Eapen, E, Koshy, G, Ambardar, B, Vadakkepat, P, Vaidya, D, Lema, V, Rijken, Y, Tadesse, E, Dada, O, Sofekun, A, Ohiaeri, C, Runsewe-Abiodun, T, Adewole, I, Adeyemo, A, Brown, B, Oladokun, R, Adewale, O, Inimgba, N, John, C, Ogu, R, Ekele, B, Isah, A, Onankpa, B, Jamelle, R, Junejo, D, Faiz, N, Gul, F, Sherin, A, Bangash, K, Mahmud, G, Masud, K, Tasneem, N, Gassama, S, Soyei, A, Agarwal, P, Rajadurai, V, Pirani, N, Delport, S, Macdonald, P, Mokhondo, R, Pattinson, R, Zondo, M, Adhikari, M, Mnguni, N, Carstens, M, Kirsten, G, Steyn, W, van Zyl, J, Helwig, A, Jacobson, S-L, Panosche, R, Hammond, E, Masanganise, L, Duley, L, Farrell, B, Armstrong, N, Spark, P, Roberts, B, Smyth, R, Tivnan, M, Laws, A, Corfield, N, Salter, A, Thorn, L, Altman, D, Yu, L-M, Abalos, E, Carroli, B, Dellepiane, L, Duarte, M, Fernandez, H, Giordano, D, Clarke, M, Gray, A, Hey, E, Neilson, J, Simon, J, Collins, R, Karaoglou, A, Lilford, R, Moodley, J, Robson, S, Roberts, I, Rubin, P, Thornton, J, Twaddle, S, Villar, J, Walker, I, Watkins, C, Doyle, L, Bimbashi, A, Demalia, E, Gliozheni, O, Shpata, A, Karolinski, A, Lamas, M, Pesaresi, M, Wainer, V, Barbato, W, Paciocco, M, Bertin, M, Boiza, E, Castaldi, J, Partida, Y, Arias, C, Farri, M, Kerz, G, Aguirre, J, de Sagastizabal, M, Falcone, R, Morales, E, Carroli, G, Krupitzky, S, Lopez, S, Palermo, M, Varela, DM, Delprato, H, Camusso, H, Curioni, M, Ludmer, E, Brandi, R, Martin, R, Mesas, W, Taralli, R, Lezaola, M, Morosini, M, Andina, E, Bernal, L, Estiu, M, Ulens, E, de Speranza, BO, Peyrano, A, Damiano, M, Saumench, C, Horn, J, Pritchard, M, Smith-Orr, V, Wilson, M, Lawrence, A, Watson, D, Crowther, C, Paynter, J, Ashrafunnessa, Mannan, M, Shahidullah, M, Shamsuddin, L, Santos, CB, Freire, S, Melo, E, Cobo, E, Jaramillo, M, Cardozo, C, Fandino, N, Gaitan, H, Montano, L, Lozano, J, Rojas, M, Garcia, AB, Ramirez, AF, Miras, RG, Sampera, S, Farnot, U, Gomez, E, Rojas, G, Valdes, R, El-Kreem, HA, Al-Hussaini, T, Hammad, E, Danso, K, Kwapong, E, Ofosu-Barko, F, Jasper, MP, Peedicayil, A, Regi, A, Sharma, R, Chauhan, A, Raut, V, Udani, R, Batra, S, Muthal-Rathore, A, Ramji, S, Zutshi, V, Balakrishnan, S, Eapen, E, Koshy, G, Ambardar, B, Vadakkepat, P, Vaidya, D, Lema, V, Rijken, Y, Tadesse, E, Dada, O, Sofekun, A, Ohiaeri, C, Runsewe-Abiodun, T, Adewole, I, Adeyemo, A, Brown, B, Oladokun, R, Adewale, O, Inimgba, N, John, C, Ogu, R, Ekele, B, Isah, A, Onankpa, B, Jamelle, R, Junejo, D, Faiz, N, Gul, F, Sherin, A, Bangash, K, Mahmud, G, Masud, K, Tasneem, N, Gassama, S, Soyei, A, Agarwal, P, Rajadurai, V, Pirani, N, Delport, S, Macdonald, P, Mokhondo, R, Pattinson, R, Zondo, M, Adhikari, M, Mnguni, N, Carstens, M, Kirsten, G, Steyn, W, van Zyl, J, Helwig, A, Jacobson, S-L, Panosche, R, Hammond, E, and Masanganise, L

Abstract

OBJECTIVE: The aim of this study was to assess long-term effects for women following the use of magnesium sulphate for pre-eclampsia. DESIGN: Assessment at 2-3 years after delivery for women recruited to the Magpie Trial (recruitment in 1998-2001, ISRCTN 86938761), which compared magnesium sulphate with placebo for pre-eclampsia. SETTING: Follow up after discharge from hospital at 125 centres in 19 countries across five continents. POPULATION: A total of 7927 women were randomised at the follow-up centres. Of these women, 2544 were not included for logistic reasons and 601 excluded (109 at a centre where <20% of women were contacted, 466 discharged without a surviving child and 26 opted out). Therefore, 4782 women were selected for follow-up, of whom 3375 (71%) were traced. METHODS: Questionnaire assessment was administered largely by post or in a dedicated clinic. Interview assessment of selected women was performed. Main outcome measures Death or serious morbidity potentially related to pre-eclampsia at follow up, other morbidity and use of health service resources. RESULTS: Median time from delivery to follow up was 26 months (interquartile range 19-36). Fifty-eight of 1650 (3.5%) women allocated magnesium sulphate died or had serious morbidity potentially related to pre-eclampsia compared with 72 of 1725 (4.2%) women allocated placebo (relative risk 0.84, 95% CI 0.60-1.18). CONCLUSIONS: The reduction in the risk of eclampsia following prophylaxis with magnesium sulphate was not associated with an excess of death or disability for the women after 2 years.

Published
2007

36. An update on diabetic women obstetrical outcomes linked to preconception and pregnancy glycemic profile: a systematic literature review.

Author

Gizzo S, Patrelli TS, Rossanese M, Noventa M, Berretta R, Di Gangi S, Bertin M, Gangemi M, and Nardelli GB

Subjects
Female, Glycemic Index, Humans, Labor, Obstetric, Pre-Eclampsia blood, Pregnancy, Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2 blood, Pregnancy in Diabetics blood, Stillbirth
Abstract

Women with type 2 diabetes were less likely to have diabetes related complications than women with type 1. Women with type 1 diabetes had a high prepregnancy care and showed a worse glycemic control than women with type 2 both in the preconception period and during pregnancy. Obstetrical outcomes showed that preeclampsia and stillbirth rate is almost doubled in type 1 patients while perinatal deaths and SGA importantly increased in type 2 diabetes. In modern obstetrical care it is mandatory to maintain glucose levels as close to normal as possible particularly in diabetic population. HbA1C no higher than 6% before pregnancy and during the first trimester seems to decrease the risk of adverse obstetrical outcomes. Both the preconceptional counseling and glycemic profile optimization represent a fundamental step to improve pregnancy outcomes in women with preexisting diabetes. A systematic approach to family planning and the availability of preconception care for all diabetic women who desire pregnancy could be an essential step for diabetic management program.

Published
2013
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37. Evidence-based maternal and perinatal healthcare practices in public hospitals in Argentina.

Author

Karolinski A, Micone P, Mercer R, Gibbons L, Althabe F, Belizán JM, Messina A, Lapidus A, Correa A, Taddeo C, Lambruschini R, Bertin M, Dibiase L, Montes Varela D, and Laterra C

Subjects
Adrenal Cortex Hormones therapeutic use, Argentina, Dietary Supplements statistics & numerical data, Episiotomy statistics & numerical data, Female, Folic Acid administration & dosage, Humans, Iron administration & dosage, Labor Stage, Third, Pregnancy, Premature Birth drug therapy, Prospective Studies, Evidence-Based Medicine statistics & numerical data, Hospitals, Maternity statistics & numerical data, Hospitals, Public statistics & numerical data, Quality of Health Care statistics & numerical data
Abstract

Objective: To investigate the use of beneficial maternal and perinatal healthcare practices in a network of public maternity hospitals in Argentina., Method: A multicenter, prospective, descriptive study of 6661 deliveries in 9 hospitals. The use of 5 obstetric care practices that reduce maternal and perinatal morbidity and mortality was evaluated., Results: Median use rates for the selected practices were: continuous support for women during childbirth (17.9%); corticosteroids for preterm birth (35.3%); avoidance of episiotomy in primiparous women (41.2%); iron and folate supplementation (52.5%); active management of third stage of labor (93.5%)., Conclusion: There is limited use of the selected evidence-based maternal and perinatal practices in public hospitals in Argentina and a large variation in their use among and within hospitals. Efforts should be made to increase the use of these evidence-based practices.

Published
2009
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