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1. Rigorous Regional Air Quality Standards for Substantial Health Benefits

Author

Wenxiao Zhang, Haoran Xu, Xinyuan Yu, Jin Li, Yuanzheng Zhang, Rong Dai, Shuxiu Zheng, Wenjun Meng, Huizhong Shen, Yilin Chen, Guofeng Shen, Jianmin Ma, Bengang Li, Junfeng Liu, Xuejun Wang, and Shu Tao

Subjects
air quality, ambient PM2.5, regional standard, health benefits, cost–benefit analyses, Environmental sciences, GE1-350, Ecology, QH540-549.5
Abstract

Abstract Following a series of actions in China, the annual mean fine particle (PM2.5) concentrations have considerably reduced since 2013. However, in some cities, the PM2.5 concentrations exceed the national ambient air quality standard of 35 μg/m3. Herein, we evaluated the historical trends of PM2.5 from 2014 to 2022 in mainland China and found continuously declining trends. However, the annual decline rates decreased despite increasing investments on pollution control, showing considerably diminishing marginal effects of these investments. Accumulative reduction in PM2.5 concentrations is linearly dependent on the log‐transformed accumulative investment in air pollution control. The standard of 35 μg/m3 can be achieved by 2035 if the current efforts continue at the same pace. However, the standard of 35 μg/m3 can weaken the momentum of future actions in cities where the standard has already been implemented. We proposed and tested two tiers with four or six levels of specific regional standards based on the regression model predictions from the historical data and demonstrated that more rigorous standards for regions where the current standard is already attained could provide more momentum for strengthening abatement efforts. The results show that both tiers are feasible if the level of abatement endeavor is maintained even with marginal effects. We also demonstrate that additional 135,000 or 384,000 deaths can be avoided by applying the regional standards. Health benefits are monetized and compared with the control costs, suggesting that compared to Tier‐2, Tier‐1 is more cost‐effective and balanced across the mainland China.

Published
2023
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2. Analysis of slight precipitation in China during the past decades and its relationship with advanced very high radiometric resolution normalized difference vegetation index

Author

Thomas Gasser, Philippe Ciais, Shu Tao, Bengang Li, Tao Wang, Feng Zhou, Xinyue Li, Shilong Piao, Yves Balkanski, Rong Wang, Laurent Li, Shushi Peng, Zhengfang Wu, Peking University [Beijing], Laboratoire des Sciences du Climat et de l'Environnement [Gif-sur-Yvette] (LSCE), Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Paris-Saclay-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ), Modelling the Earth Response to Multiple Anthropogenic Interactions and Dynamics (MERMAID), Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Paris-Saclay-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Paris-Saclay-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ), centre international de recherche sur l'environnement et le développement (CIRED), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-École des Ponts ParisTech (ENPC)-École des hautes études en sciences sociales (EHESS)-AgroParisTech-Centre de Coopération Internationale en Recherche Agronomique pour le Développement (Cirad), Mads Clausen Institute for Product Innovation, University of Southern Denmark (SDU), Laboratoire de Météorologie Dynamique (UMR 8539) (LMD), Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-École polytechnique (X)-École des Ponts ParisTech (ENPC)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Département des Géosciences - ENS Paris, École normale supérieure - Paris (ENS Paris), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-École normale supérieure - Paris (ENS Paris), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL), Sino-French Institute for Earth System Science, College of Urban and Environmental Sciences, Peking University, Décision et Information pour les Systèmes de Production (DISP), Université Lumière - Lyon 2 (UL2)-Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1 (UCBL), Université de Lyon-Université de Lyon-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées de Lyon (INSA Lyon), Université de Lyon-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA), Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Paris-Saclay-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Paris-Saclay-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Paris-Saclay-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Centre de Coopération Internationale en Recherche Agronomique pour le Développement (Cirad)-École des hautes études en sciences sociales (EHESS)-AgroParisTech-École des Ponts ParisTech (ENPC)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), École normale supérieure - Paris (ENS-PSL), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-École normale supérieure - Paris (ENS-PSL), Carnegie Institution for Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences [Beijing] (CAS), and Carnegie Institution for Science [Washington]

Subjects
Atmospheric Science, growing season, 010504 meteorology & atmospheric sciences, Correlation coefficient, NDVI, Growing season, Time lag, Vegetation, space correlation, 010502 geochemistry & geophysics, 01 natural sciences, Normalized Difference Vegetation Index, multiyear trends, [SDU.STU.CL]Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Earth Sciences/Climatology, 13. Climate action, Climatology, slight precipitation, Environmental science, Radiometric dating, Precipitation, Physical geography, 0105 earth and related environmental sciences
Abstract

International audience; Precipitation is one of the most important factors determining the occurrence of extreme hydro-meteorological events and water resource availability. Precipitation in different grades has diverse ecological effects, and slight precipitation (SP, defined as 0.1-1.0 mm/day) is the minimal level among them. In this study, we investigated SP trends from 1961 to 2013, as well as the relationship between SP and advanced very high radiometric resolution (AVHRR) normalized difference vegetation index (NDVI) in China during growing season from 1981 to 2006. The distributions and trends of SP were analysed by calculating the daily precipitation data. The average annual slight precipitation amount (SPA) and the number of slight precipitation days (SPD), derived from 839 monitoring stations in China, show a decreasing trend over the last five decades, which is in agreement with total precipitation (TP) but in different rates. When the trend was analysed seasonally, SP in most stations decreases significantly in September-October-November (SON) and June-July-August (JJA), and the largest decrease is found in SON. About 49.5 and 68.7% of monitoring stations show a decreasing trend in SON, in both SPA and SPD, whereas the trend is less popular in March-April-May Accepted manuscript. Li et al. 2018, International Journal of Climatology. https://doi.org/10.1002/joc.5763 page 2 (MAM, SPA: 19.7%, SPD: 41.4%) and December-January-February (JJF, SPA: 25.6%, SPD: 43.1%). Moreover, our analysis indicates that the decrease of SP is mainly due to the decrease of SPD as the median amount of daily SP was unchanged over the past five decades (close to 0.3 mm/day). Based on 26-year (1981-2006) semi-monthly AVHRR NDVI data and the records of SP data, the relationship between AVHRR NDVI and SP was also investigated. In regions with lower (

Published
2018
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3. Preparation and characterization of tough and highly resilient nanocomposite hydrogels reinforced by surface‐grafted cellulose nanocrystals

Author

Xuzhi Cao, Bengang Li, Yuanfeng Han, Yurui Chen, and Zhenyang Luo

Subjects
Cellulose nanocrystals, Materials science, Polymers and Plastics, Chemical engineering, Nanocomposite hydrogels, Materials Chemistry, Nanoparticle, General Chemistry, Surfaces, Coatings and Films, Characterization (materials science)
Published
2021
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4. Deposition flux of aerosol particles and 15 polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons in the North China Plain

Author

Bengang Li, Shu Tao, Xilong Wang, Shuzhen Liu, Qian Zuo, Wenxin Liu, and Jingyu Zhao

Subjects
Chrysene, Fluoranthene, Health, Toxicology and Mutagenesis, North china, Phenanthrene, complex mixtures, Aerosol, chemistry.chemical_compound, Flux (metallurgy), Deposition (aerosol physics), chemistry, Environmental chemistry, polycyclic compounds, Environmental Chemistry, Pyrene
Abstract

The present study examined deposition fluxes of aerosol particles and 15 polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) associated with the particles in the North China Plain. The annual mean deposition fluxes of aerosol particles and 15 PAHs were 0.69 ± 0.46 g/(m2 × d) and 8.5 ± 6.2 μg/(m2 × d), respectively. Phenanthrene, fluoranthene, pyrene, chrysene, benzo[b]fluoranthene, and benzo[k]fluoranthene were the dominant PAHs bound to deposited aerosol particles throughout the year. The total concentration of 15 PAHs in the deposited aerosol particles was the highest in winter but lowest in spring. The highest PAH concentration in the deposited aerosol particles in winter was because the heating processes highly increased the concentration in atmospheric aerosol particles. Low temperature and weak sunshine in winter reduced the degradation rate of deposited aerosol particle-bound PAHs, especially for those with low molecular weight. The lowest PAH concentration in deposited aerosol particles in spring resulted from the frequently occurring dust storms, which diluted PAH concentrations. The mean deposition flux of PAHs with aerosol particles in winter (16 μg/[m2 × d]) reached 3 times to 5 times that in other seasons (3.5–5.0 μg/[m2 × d]). The spatial variation of the deposition flux of PAHs with high molecular weight (e.g., benzo[a]pyrene) was consistent with their concentrations in the atmospheric aerosol particles, whereas such a phenomenon was not observed for those with low molecular weight (e.g., phenanthrene) because of their distinct hydrophobicity, Henry's law constant, and the spatially heterogeneous meteorological conditions. Environ Toxicol Chem 2014;33:753–760. © 2013 SETAC

Published
2014
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5. Fabrication of tough, self‐recoverable, and electrically conductive hydrogels by in situ reduction of poly(acrylic acid) grafted graphene oxide in polyacrylamide hydrogel matrix

Author

Chao Wu, Bengang Li, Zhenyang Luo, Jianpeng Cao, and Chengyu Wang

Subjects
Polyacrylamide Hydrogel, Fabrication, Materials science, Polymers and Plastics, Graphene, Oxide, General Chemistry, Matrix (biology), Surfaces, Coatings and Films, law.invention, chemistry.chemical_compound, chemistry, Magazine, Chemical engineering, law, Self-healing hydrogels, Materials Chemistry, Acrylic acid
Published
2019
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