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Objective As a proactive diagnosis of diabetes mellitus (DM) may prevent the onset of severe complications, we used an oral glucose tolerance test (OGTT) to check for impaired glucose tolerance (IGT) and DM in patients with long-standing HIV infection and long durations of exposure to antiretroviral drugs with normal fasting plasma glucose (FPG) levels. Methods This was a cross-sectional, single-centre study. The homeostatic model assessment for insulin resistance (HOMA-IR) and 2-h post-load glucose levels were used to evaluate patients with known HIV-1 infection since before 1988 and no previous diagnosis of DM for whom data on hepatitis C virus (HCV) and hepatitis B virus (HBV) infection were available. Results Eighty-four Caucasian patients [67 (80%) male; median age 45.7 years; range 43.8–49.1 years] were able to be evaluated; 65 (77%) were coinfected with HCV, and seven (8%) were coinfected with HBV. Median (interquartile range [IQR]) exposure to antiretrovirals was 12.8 (10.4–16.5) years. Fifteen patients (18%) had a previous AIDS-defining event, 64 (76%) had HIV RNA

Methods Viral tropism was determined in 98/116 (84%) (ViroLogic PhenoSense assay). Viral tropism was classified as R5, D/M or X4 for virus that used CCR5 coreceptor, CCR5 and CXCR4 coreceptors or CXCR4 coreceptor, respectively. Variables evaluated for the association with the R5 virus (outcome variable) were: age, gender, CDC stage (C vs. A and B), screening CD4 percentage, CD4+ cells, HIV1 plasma RNA level, nadir CD4+, risk factor (IVDU vs. other), time since HIV infection. All these characteristics were considered at univariable and multivariable analysis. Logistic regression was applied at multivariable analysis. Data were described as median (Q1–Q3) or frequency (%), as appropriate.