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Despite research suggesting that pro-environmental behaviors offer a range of positive benefits for organizations and that corporate social responsibility (CSR) positively affects employee behaviors and attitudes, very few studies have investigated how CSR affects pro-environmental behaviours. As such, this study investigates the impact of perceived CSR on employees' pro-environmental behaviours through organizational identification and coworkers' pro-environmental advocacy. Using a multistage sampling technique, a survey of line managers was conducted across 32 hotels in the understudied context of Malaysia's hotel industry. Based on 331 completed questionnaires, the results suggest that perceived CSR activities drive organizational identification and trigger coworkers’ pro-environmental advocacy, which in turn generate employees’ pro-environmental behaviours. The study offers valuable insights into the complex relationship between perceived CSR and pro-environmental behaviors and discusses the theoretical and research contributions and managerial implications.

This study investigated the mediating role of work meaningfulness on the relationship between employees' perception about organization's corporate social responsibility (CSR) practices and their engagement. Moreover, the joint moderating effects of incremental moral belief and moral identity centrality were also tested. Utilizing survey‐based data, this study analyzed the responses of 622 employees working in various industries. Results showed that incremental morality beliefs strengthened the effect of CSR perceptions on work meaningfulness, especially when moral identity centrality was weaker. Specifically, CSR perceptions had the strongest positive effect on work meaningfulness among employees with stronger incremental morality beliefs and weaker moral identity centrality. Another interesting finding of this study was that incremental morality beliefs strengthened the effect of CSR perception on employee engagement via work meaningfulness, especially when moral identity centrality was lower. This study found that CSR perceptions had the strongest positive effect on employee engagement via work meaningfulness among employees with stronger incremental morality beliefs and weaker moral identity centrality. The findings confirmed that incremental morality beliefs and moral identity centrality jointly moderated these relationships.

The primary aim of this study is to investigate how employees' corporate social responsibility (CSR) perceptions contribute to their voluntary pro‐environmental behaviors. This study also seeks to understand the moderating effects of employees' CSR motive attribution (substantive and symbolic) on the relationship between CSR perceptions and voluntary pro‐environmental behaviors. A questionnaire survey was conducted on 784 employees working in various industries such as telecommunication, pharmaceutical, medical, manufacturing, hospitality, and electronic. Results revealed that CSR perceptions positively affected voluntary pro‐environmental behaviors of employees. Moreover, employee's substantive CSR motive attribution strengthened the positive effect of CSR perceptions on voluntary pro‐environmental behavior, whereas symbolic CSR motive attribution weakened the positive effect of CSR perceptions on voluntary pro‐environmental behavior. This study provides guidance for managers who wish to address sustainability and CSR issues to enhance employees' voluntary pro‐environmental behavior. Organizations should integrate CSR initiatives into their sustainable strategy to increase employee's voluntary pro‐environmental behavior.

Corporate social responsibility (CSR) is a useful tool for effective organizational, social, and environmental functioning. This study expanded CSR and green research streams by examining the positive effect of employee's perceived CSR on pro‐environmental behaviour through mediation of organizational identification, as well as the moderation mechanisms of corporate entrepreneurship and employees' environmental consciousness for such an effect. The study drew on a survey sample of 479 employees and 122 department managers from various hotels in Pakistan. Key findings showed that CSR had both a direct and an indirect influence, through organizational identification, on pro‐environmental behaviour. The results lent support for the interactive effect of corporate entrepreneurship and environmental consciousness with CSR in predicting pro‐environmental behaviours. This is the first study of its kind to study a comprehensive model linking perceived CSR with employee's pro‐environmental behaviours in hotel industry through intervening variables.

The purpose of this article is to describe an internet-based mass customization assignment in Operations Management/Supply Chain Management classes where students utilize the Web site of a company that offers a customized product. Students evaluate the user interface, judge the value proposition of the product they demonstrate, and discuss issues of product design, process design and scheduling, inventory management, Supply Chain Management, marketing, and competitors. The students learn about mass customization from both the producer’s perspective and the consumer’s perspective. Through their own research and the class presentations students are able to develop a better understanding of the implementation requirements and challenges of mass customization. The assignment is highly interactive and has been successfully used in Operations Management and Supply Chain Management courses at under-graduate and graduate levels and at multiple universities. In addition, practitioners interested in implementing a mass customization process can use the assignment as a brainstorming or benchmarking exercise.

This empirical research study investigates the manufacturing planning and control (MPC) practices associated with successful company performance. To form a database of global manufacturing practices, data collected from machine tools and textile industries in 12 countries around the world via the Global Manufacturing Research Survey was combined. An exploratory factor analysis was first conducted to reduce the dimensionality of the data. Three Discriminant Analyses were then performed on the factor scores of successful and non-successful companies, between free and planned economies and among the 12 countries represented in the database, with an emphasis on the factors found to be associated with success. The results show that close coordination of several business functions with the MPC system is essential for success. Significant differences were found between state-managed and free-market economies and among the countries represented in the database. In general, countries with free-market economies had high success coefficients, led by Japan, which had the most combined use of essential success factors, while countries with planned economies had low success coefficients.

Often in lean manufacturing, multiple products are produced in U-shaped manufacturing cells to simultaneously achieve product variety and production efficiency. We examine two design issues for mixed-model U-lines: work rules (a first-come-first-serve rule and a crossover-and-return rule) and inventory flow choices (direct flow and buffered flow). Simulation results indicated that throughput and labor utilization can be improved by implementing a “buffer” with the first-come-first-serve rule. Interestingly, the effectiveness of an inventory flow choice was dependent on the work rule (interaction effect), and relationships among performance dimensions differed across the designs.

Le congres general ismalique de Jerusalem de 1931 s'inscrit dans le contexte d'un tournant de la politique panislamique. L'institution du califat avait auparavant represente l'unite et la solidarite des musulmans. Le congres general de 1931 ouvre une breche dans cette conception. D'autre part, le congres visait a placer le probleme de la Palestine au centre des preoccupations des nations et des forces islamiques. L'A. evalue la portee du congres ainsi que les causes de son declin en tant qu'institution permanente

A la fin de l'ere ottomane, dans les annees 1920, trois tendances dominent la vie politique palestinienne, toutes etant nees a un tournant de l'histoire et chacune s'opposant aux autres : islamisme, arabisme et nationalisme palestien se confrontaient

American designers are designing more flexibility into flexible manufacturing systems (FMSs). However, there has been little research on the scheduling of these more flexible systems. This study adds insights into how these systems should be scheduled and increases our understanding of the influences of routing flexibility. A few American FMSs use off-line schemes for scheduling but most use real-time schemes. This research compares seven real-time and two off-line scheduling schemes for a random flexible manufacturing system. The results indicate that full advantage can be taken of these more flexible systems if off-line schemes are used. The scheme that takes the greatest advantage of increased flexibility is an off-line scheme that decomposes the scheduling problem. As flexibility increases this scheme is able to schedule more output and reduce the average flow time of parts, and it accomplishes this with little additional computational effort.

Multi-activity, multi-facility design systems occur in a wide variety of industrial and service applications: e.g.: regional health care centers with configurations of activities at each center, and multi-echelon inventory distribution systems. The problem in designing such systems is to determine from a candidate set of possible locations what facility locations should be opened and what types of activities should be carried out at each of the open facilities. This article presents an efficient heuristic procedure for such a problem. The heuristic procedure described can be used to solve both the uncapacitated and the capacitated problems where capacity is expressed in terms of the number of activities which can be supported by the facilities. Extensive computational experience with the heuristic is presented. The performance of the heuristic is compared against optimal solutions and the results look very encouraging.

The National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA) is charged with developing a Flight Operations Planning Schedule for Space Shuttle Operations in the 1980s. During this decade, NASA plans to launch up to thirty space shuttle flights per year when the program reaches the mature phase. Traditional planning techniques for space flights (PERT-type models) are inadequate for this task because of their inability to resolve conflicts arising from multiple demands for limited resources generated by numerous simultaneous projects (space flights). This paper describes a requirements planning system developed by the authors and adopted by NASA for this resource constrained multiple project scheduling problem.

Two heuristics based on branch and bound (BB thus, LAM efficiently uses computer-storage capacity and allows solution of larger problems. The “total average modification'’(TAM) heuristic uses B&B, applied level by level, and modified setup and carrying costs to solve the variable production/purchasing costs MRP lot-sizing problem. LAM and TAM are tested on problems and compared to heuristics in the literature. TAM may be used to solve large MRP lot-sizing problems encountered in practice.

An important problem confronting health care administration is cost containment in hospitals. Much of the current high costs can be traced directly to outdated procedures in materials management leading to waste, excessive inventory and unnecessary obsolescence of expensive short shelf life items. In this paper, we illustrate how a modern requirements planning system for surgical supplies was developed for a private hospital in Houston and used to effectively hold inventory levels to the minimum required to support a detailed schedule of surgical procedures. We also discuss some specific problems involved in the transfer of manufacturing technology to the hospital setting.

Proposed is a Heuristic Network (HN) Procedure for balancing assembly lines. The procedure uses simple heuristic rules to generate a network which is then traversed using a shortest route algorithm to obtain a heuristic solution. The advantages of the HN Procedure are: a) it generally yields better solutions than those obtained by application of the heuristics, and b) sensitivity analysis with different values of cycle time is possible without having to regenerate the network. The rationale for its effectiveness and its application to problems with paralleling are presented. Computational experience with the procedure on up to 50 task test problems is provided.

This study was prompted by a recently published article in this journal on facility location by D. R. Sule. We show that the claim made by Sule of a novel and extremely simple algorithm yielding optimum solutions is not true. Otherwise, the algorithm would represent a breakthrough in decision-making for which a number of notoriously hard problems could be efficiently recast as location problems and easily solved. In addition, several variants of common location problems addressed by Sule are reviewed. In the last twenty years, many methods of accurately solving these problems have been proposed. In spite of their increased sophistication and efficiency, none of them claims to be a panacea. Therefore, researchers have concurrently developed a battery of fast but approximate solution techniques. Sule's method was essentially proposed by Kuehn and Hamburger in 1963, and has been adapted many times since. We exhibit several examples (including the one employed by Sule) in which Sule's algorithms lead to nonoptimal solutions. We present computational results on problems of size even greater than those utilized by Sule, and show that a method devised by Erlenkotter is both faster and yields better results. In a cost-benefit analysis of exact and approximate methods, we conclude that planning consists of generating an array of corporate scenarios, submitting them to the “optimizing black box,” and evaluating their respective merits. Therefore, much is to be gained by eliminating the vagaries of the black box—that is, by using an exact method—even if the data collection and the model representation introduce sizable inaccuracies. Ironically, large problems (those that typically require most attention) cannot be solved exactly in acceptable computational times. Pending the imminent design of a new generation of exact algorithms, the best heuristics are those that guarantee a certain degree of accuracy of their solutions.

This paper introduces an efficient heuristic procedure for a special class of mixed integer programming problems called the uncapacitated warehouse (plant) location problem. This procedure is derived from the branching decision rules proposed for the branch and bound algorithm by the author in an earlier paper. It can be viewed as tracing a single path of the branch and bound tree (from the initial node to the terminal node), the path being determined by the particular branching decision rule used. Unlike branch and bound the computational efficiency of this procedure is substantially less than linearly related to the number of potential warehouse locations (integer variables) in the problem. Its computational efficiency is tested on problems found in the literature.