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1. Seasonality and Sleep: A Clinical Study on Euthymic Mood Disorder Patients

Author

Chiara Brambilla, Chiara Gavinelli, Dario Delmonte, Mara Cigala Fulgosi, Barbara Barbini, Cristina Colombo, and Enrico Smeraldi

Subjects
Psychiatry, RC435-571, Psychology, BF1-990
Abstract

Background. Research on mood disorders has progressively focused on the study of seasons and on the mood in association with them during depressive or manic episodes yet few studies have focused on the seasonal fluctuation that characterizes the patient's clinical course both during an illness episode and during euthymic periods. Methods. 113 euthymic outpatients 46 affected by major recurrent depression and 67 affected by bipolar disorder were recruited. We evaluated the impact of clinical “rhythmical” factors: seasonality, sleep disturbance, and chronotype. Patients completed the SPAQ+ questionnaire, the MEQ questionnaire, and the medical outcomes study (MOS) sleep scale. We used t-test analyses to compare differences of clinical “rhythmical” and sociodemographic variables and of differences in the assessment scales among the diagnostic groups. Results. Patients reporting a family history for mood disorders have higher fluctuations throughout seasons. Sleep disturbance is more problematic in unipolars when compared to bipolars. Conclusions. Sleep, light, and seasonality seem to be three interconnected features that lie at the basis of chronobiology that, when altered, have an important effect both on the psychopathology and on the treatment of mood disorders.

Published
2012
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2. Actimetric evidence that CLOCK 3111 T/C SNP influences sleep and activity patterns in patients affected by bipolar depression

Author

Enrico Smeraldi, Barbara Barbini, Sara Dallaspezia, Mara Cigala Fulgosi, Cristina Lorenzi, Cristina Colombo, Francesco Benedetti, Alessandro Serretti, Benedetti, F, Dallaspezia, S, Fulgosi, Mc, Lorenzi, C, Serretti, A, Barbini, B, Colombo, C, Smeraldi, E, Benedetti F., Dallaspezia S., Fulgosi M.C., Lorenzi C., Serretti A., Barbini B., Colombo C., and Smeraldi E.

Subjects
Adult, Male, medicine.medical_specialty, Bipolar Disorder, Evening, Genotype, CLOCK Proteins, Polymorphism, Single Nucleotide, Cellular and Molecular Neuroscience, Biological Clocks, Sleep Initiation and Maintenance Disorders, Internal medicine, Insomnia, medicine, Humans, Bipolar disorder, Genetics (clinical), Depressive Disorder, Sleep disorder, business.industry, Middle Aged, medicine.disease, Antidepressive Agents, Circadian Rhythm, CLOCK, Psychiatry and Mental health, Endocrinology, Mood, Mood disorders, Lithium Compounds, Trans-Activators, Female, medicine.symptom, Sleep onset, Sleep, business
Abstract

Depressive insomnia and diurnal fluctuations of mood and activity are core clinical features of mood disorders. Here we studied the effect of CLOCK 3111 T/C SNP (rs1801260) on the actimetric recorded diurnal activity and nocturnal sleep of 39 bipolar depressed inpatients. Compared to T/T homozygotes, carriers of the C allele had a similar degree of severity of depression, but showed higher activity levels in the evening, a delayed sleep onset (mean 79 min later), and a reduced amount of sleep during the night (mean 75 min less). Ongoing lithium treatment significantly interacted with rs1801260 by enhancing activity levels in the evening and reducing the differences among genotype groups. Individual characteristics of the molecular clock can influence sleep symptoms in mood disorders. (c) 2007 Wiley-Liss, Inc. Depressive insomnia and diurnal fluctuations of mood and activity are core clinical features of mood disorders. Here we studied the effect of CLOCK 3111 T/C SNP (rs1801260) on the actimetric recorded diurnal activity and nocturnal sleep of 39 bipolar depressed inpatients. Compared to T/T homozygotes, carriers of the C allele had a similar degree of severity of depression, but showed higher activity levels in the evening, a delayed sleep onset (mean 79 min later), and a reduced amount of sleep during the night (mean 75 min less). Ongoing lithium treatment significantly interacted with rs1801260 by enhancing activity levels in the evening and reducing the differences among genotype groups. Individual characteristics of the molecular clock can influence sleep symptoms in mood disorders. (c) 2007 Wiley-Liss, Inc.

Published
2007

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