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Background and Aim: Squamous papilloma of the esophagus is a rare benign tumor; less than 200 cases have been reported in the literature. The prevalence of endoscopically diagnosed squamous papilloma of the esophagus has been reported in only a very few series, and varies from 0.01 to 0.43%. Clinical relevance and possible association with other pathological conditions, namely if it is a premalignant lesion, remain a matter of debate. The etiology is controversial, although a role of human papilloma virus has been recently proposed. The aim of this study was to try to determine the prevalence, clinical relevance, possible association with other pathological conditions of the upper digestive tract, and possible etiological role of human papilloma virus on our series of squamous esophageal papillomas. Methods: Data from a total of 7618 upper gastrointestinal endoscopies consecutively performed in 4 years were obtained. A 4-year follow up was carried out. Results: Squamous esophageal papilloma was found in nine patients (0.01%). The mean size of polyps was 4 mm and the mean distance from the dental ridge was 25 cm. Only one patient had more than one polyp. Two patients had liver cirrhosis and three had peptic ulcer disease. All squamous esophageal papillomas were removed and tested for human papilloma virus with commercial available kits for in situ hybridization, but none was found positive. Conclusion: Squamous papilloma of the esophagus is an uncommon disease that does not appear to predispose to esophageal cancer. No association was found with human papilloma virus.