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Objectives To describe outcomes of patients with prostate cancer diagnosed after another malignancy and identify factors associated with prostate cancer death in this population, as little is known about the clinical significance of prostate cancer as a subsequent malignancy. Patients and Methods We studied 18 225 men diagnosed with prostate cancer after another malignancy from 1973 to 2006. We compared demographic and clinical variables, and the proportion of death from prostate cancer vs prior malignancy with t-test and chi-squared analyses. Fine and Gray's regression was used to consider the effect of treatment on prostate cancer death. We then studied a second cohort of 88 013 men with prostate cancer as a first or second malignancy to describe current diagnostic and treatment patterns. Results One in seven men died from prostate cancer in our first cohort. More died from prostate cancer following colorectal cancer (16.8% vs 13.7%), melanoma (13.4% vs 7.56%), and oral cancer (19.1% vs 4.04%), but fewer following bladder cancer, kidney cancer, lung cancer, leukaemia and non-Hodgkin's lymphoma (all P < 0.001). Prostate cancer treatment was associated with a nearly 50% lower risk of death when high-grade or high-stage (adjusted hazard ratio 0.55, 95% confidence interval [CI] 0.47–0.64). Patients who died from prostate cancer had higher grade and stage disease, and received less treatment than patients who died from prior malignancy. The second cohort showed subsequent prostate cancer had more high-risk disease (36.3% vs 22.2%, P < 0.001) and less prostate cancer treatment (adjusted odds ratio 0.872, 95% CI 0.818–0.930) than primary prostate cancer. Conclusions Prostate cancer remains a significant cause of mortality when diagnosed as a subsequent cancer. These results suggest prostate cancer treatment should be seriously considered in patients with prior malignancies, especially those with high-grade or locally advanced prostate cancer.

A new species of Lamiaceae, Teucrium ramaswamii M. B. Viswan. & U. Manik. is described from the Kalakkad-Mundanthurai Tiger Reserve (KMTR) in the Agastyamalai hills of the southwestern Ghats in peninsular India. It is allied to T. tomentosum Heyne ex Benth. but differs by stem, leaves and inflorescence being glandular strigose; leaves being deltoid–ovate, crenate–dentate or doubly crenate–dentate at margin, subcoriaceous, sparsely strigose above, densely strigose beneath; bracts being oblong–deltoid, ca 9.4×2.6 mm; calyx with uppermost teeth being lanceolate, ca 2.8×1.9 mm, lateral teeth being broadly triangular, lower teeth being oblong–lanceolate; corolla being glandular strigose outside below lateral lobes and ovary being glandular strigose. Using the IUCN criteria, conservation status of the species is assigned as Critically Endangered based on the field data (2000–2002). Life history studies, population ecology, genome resource banking and wild population management are recommended for conserving this species.

A new species of Rubiaceae from the Kalakkad-Mundanthurai Tiger Reserve of Tamil Nadu, India, Neumcalyx bremeri, is described and illustrated. Conservation status assigned as Critically Endangered by applying IUCN Red List Category criteria is provided.

A new species of Melastomataceae, Memecylon mundanthuraianum, is described here with illustrations from the Kalakkad-Mundanthurai Tiger Reserve of Tamil Nadu, India.

Two new species in Memecylon, M. kollimalayana and M. bremeri, of Melastomataceae are described here with illustrations from the Kollihills of Salem District in Tamil Nadu, India.

Seeds of Galactia longifolia Benth. (Fabaceae), locally known as Kaattukollu in Tamil language, used as food by Malayali tribals in the Kolli hills of Namakkal District, Tamil Nadu in South India were analysed for proximate composition, total (true) seed proteins, amino acid composition, fatty acid composition, minerals and antinutritional factors. Crude protein, crude fat, ash and nitrogen free extractives constitute 25.56%, 6.18%, 5.12% and 56.15%, respectively. The caloric value of 100 g dry matter of seed material is 1,601 KJ. The essential amino acids, tryptophan, leucine + isoleucine, arginine and threonine are present relatively in large quantities. The unsaturated fatty acids constitute more than 60%. The seeds are very rich in potassium, magnesium, calcium and phosphorus. Antinutritional factors such as total free phenols, tannins, L-DOPA, hydrogen cyanide and phytic acid is present in minute quantities. The seed meal is consumed after eliminating all the antinutritional factors using the conventional method of soaking seeds in water, boiling with water and decanting for four times by Malayali tribals.

Angular correlation of positron annihilation radiation (ACPAR) along different crystallographic directions of GaAs are measured using the long-slit geometry. The shapes of the profiles indicate in addition to the ideal sp3 orbitals contribution, the contribution of σ bonding along [111] bonding direction and an admixture of σ and π* bondings for the [100] and [110] directions. The ACPAR anisotropies in this case are somewhat less compared to that of Ge which is caused because of the presence of the ionicity in compound semiconductors. Although the zero points of the autocorrelation functions for ACPAR data are shifted from the actual lattice positions, their periodicity remains same as the actual lattice spacing. Es wird die Winkelkorrelation der Positronenannihilationsstrahlung (ACPAR) in verschiedenen kristallographischen Richtungen von GaAs in Langschlitzgeometrie gemessen. Die Formen der Profile zeigen zusatzlich zum sp3-Orbitalbeitrag den Beitrag einer σ-Bindung in der [111]-Bindungsrichtung und eine Mischung von σ- und π*-Bindungen fur die [100]- und [110]-Richtungen. Die ACPAR-Anisotropien sind in diesem Fall etwas geringer, verglichen mit dem von Ge, was durch die vorhandene Ionizitat in Verbindungshalbleitern verursacht wird. Obwohl die Kreuzungsnullpunkte der Autokorrelationsfunktionen fur die ACPAR-Daten von den tatsachlichen Gitterpositionen verschoben sind, bleibt ihre Periodizitat dieselbe wie beim tatsachlichen Gitterabstand.

From the stems of Indigofera longeracemosa, a novel abietane diterpenoid, indigoferabietone was isolated. The structure was established by spectral techniques. The inhibitory activity of indigoferabietone (1) tested against Mycobacterium tuberculosis and Candida albicans, and the antibacterial activity tested against Staphylococcus aureus, Proteus vulgaris, and Escherichia coli were found to be significant.